ASTM D4542-2007 Standard Test Method for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer《用折射计测定土壤中可溶盐含量和孔隙水萃取的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D4542-2007 Standard Test Method for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer《用折射计测定土壤中可溶盐含量和孔隙水萃取的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4542-2007 Standard Test Method for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer《用折射计测定土壤中可溶盐含量和孔隙水萃取的标准试验方法》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 4542 07Standard Test Method forPore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble SaltContent of Soils by Refractometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4542; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid procedure for squeezingpore water from fine-grained soil
3、s for the purpose of determin-ing the amount of soluble salts present in the extracted porewater.1.2 This test method was developed for soils having a watercontent equal to or greater than approximately 14 %, forexample, marine soils. An extensive summary of proceduresfor extracting pore water from
4、soils has been presented byKriukov and Manheim (1).21.3 This test method is not generally applicable for deter-mining the soluble salt content of the pore water extracted fromcoarse-grained soils, such as clean sands and gravels.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Th
5、e values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
6、of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D 6026.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 3740 Practice for M
7、inimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataE 832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers2.2 Federal Document:GG-S-945a Specification for Sy
8、ringe and Needle, Dispos-able, Hypodermic, Sterile, Single Injection43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms in this standard, refer toTerminology D 653.4. Significance and Use4.1 The soluble salt content may be used to correct the indexproperties of soils (water content, void r
9、atio, specific gravity,degree of saturation, and dry density).4.2 It is necessary to minimize the time period betweensampling and testing due to chemical changes which may occurwithin the soil sample.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the perso
10、nnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not
11、 in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.NOTE 2Hulbert and Brindle (2) and Torrance (3) have shown thatprolonged storage should be avoided as unpredictable and nonreproduc-ible chemical changes may
12、 occur.5. Apparatus5.1 RefractometerA temperature compensated refracto-meter scaled to either index of refraction or ppt (parts perthousand). A typical hand held refractometer is shown in Fig.1.5.2 Soil PressThe apparatus shall conform to the require-ments shown in Fig. 2.1This test method is under
13、the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.06 on Physical-ChemicalInteractions of Soil and Rock.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4542 95
14、(2001).2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended tothis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards D
15、ocument Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Ave.,Philadelphia, PA, 19120.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
16、United States.5.3 SyringeA 25-cm3syringe without needle, in accor-dance with Fed. Std. GG-S-945a.5.4 BalanceA balance capable of weighing with a sensi-tivity of 60.01 g.5.5 Filter Paper:5.5.1 A general purpose quantitative filter paper in accor-dance with Specification E 832, Type II, Class F, for m
17、ediumcrystalline precipitates in the size range from 5 to 10 m, withan ash content of 0.13 mg/12.5-cm circle. Cut filter paper to adiameter of 55 mm (2.25 in.).5.5.2 A general purpose quantitative filter paper in accor-dance with Specification E 832, Type II, Class G, for finecrystalline precipitate
18、s in the size range from 0.45 m, with anash content of 0.13 mg/12.5-cm circle. Cut filter paper to adiameter of 25 mm (0.98 in.).5.6 RefrigeratorCooling unit capable of maintaining auniform temperature between 1 and 5C.5.7 Micro-Syringe Filter HolderA device to filter a liquiddirectly from a syringe
19、.55.8 100-mL Polyethylene or Glass Bottle and Cap.5.9 Miscellaneous SuppliesDistilled water, alcohol, di-luted HCl (1:10), detergent, and optional sterile bags forsample storage (see 7.6).6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Wash all parts of the press thoroughly. Rinse twice withdistilled water and dry.
20、Normally, rust should not be present,but if it is to be removed, especially inside or around the top ofthe cylinder, scrub gently with steel wool and soap or chromicacid. Rinse well with tap water and then twice with distilledwater and dry.6.2 If the press parts have been coated with rust preventive
21、,wash them with alcohol and rinse once with tap water andtwice with distilled water.6.3 Dry by a method that will not contaminate the press.Clean compressed air, oven or air drying, or rinsing withacetone followed by air drying are acceptable.6.4 Assemble the press.5An apparatus such as the stainles
22、s steel Millipore Micro-Syringe Filter HolderXX30-025-00 is satisfactory for this purpose.FIG. 1 Typical Hand-Held RefractometerFIG. 2 Soil PressD 4542 072NOTE 3To prevent mud from circumventing the stainless steel wirescreen use flexible TFE-fluorocarbon gaskets on each side.7. Sampling and Test Sp
23、ecimen Squeezing7.1 Select a representative soil sample of approximately 50g and place into the cylinder on top of a single sheet of 5 to10-m (55-mm) filter paper.7.2 Apply pressure slowly until the first drops of water areexpelled, then insert a clean, disposable, plastic syringe (25mL) in the effl
24、uent passage shown in Fig. 2. This is done tominimize the amount of air in the syringe and therefore, theamount of evaporation.7.3 Apply pressure gradually to a maximum of 80 MPa(11 520 psi), and hold until no more water is expelled or untilthe syringe is full (see Note 4 and Note 5).7.4 Withdraw th
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