ASTM D4378-2008 Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines《蒸汽和燃气轮机矿物油在运行中监测的标准实施规程》.pdf
《ASTM D4378-2008 Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines《蒸汽和燃气轮机矿物油在运行中监测的标准实施规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4378-2008 Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines《蒸汽和燃气轮机矿物油在运行中监测的标准实施规程》.pdf(11页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 4378 08An American National StandardStandard Practice forIn-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam andGas Turbines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe in-service monitoring of turbine oils has long been recognized by the power-gener
3、ation industryas being necessary to ensure long trouble-free operation of turbines.The two main types of stationary turbines used for power generation are steam and gas turbines; theturbines can be used as individual turbines, or can be coupled to combine cycle turbines. Thelubrication requirements
4、are quite similar but there are important differences in that gas turbine oilsare subjected to significantly higher localized “hot spot” temperatures and water contamination is lesslikely. Steam turbine oils are normally expected to last for many years. In some turbines up to 20 yearsof service life
5、 has been obtained. Gas turbine oils by comparison have a shorter service life. Many ofthe monitoring tests used for steam turbine oils are applicable to gas turbine oils.This practice is designed to assist the user to validate the condition of the lubricant through its lifecycle by carrying out a m
6、eaningful program of sampling and testing of oils in use. This practice isperformed in order to collect data and monitor trends which suggest any signs of lubricantdeteriorating. This can be used as a guide for the direction of system maintenance to ensure a safe,reliable, and cost-effective operati
7、on of the monitored plant equipment. Also covered are someimportant aspects of interpretation of results and suggested action steps so as to maximize service life.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effectivemonitoring of mineral turbine oils in service in steam and gasturbines
8、, as individual or combined cycle turbines, used forpower generation. This practice includes sampling and testingschedules to validate the condition of the lubricant through itslife cycle and by ensuring required improvements to bring thepresent condition of the lubricant within the acceptable targe
9、ts.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Reference
10、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-i
11、ty)D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-cating OilsD 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics
12、of Inhib-ited Mineral OilsD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of PetroleumOils and Synthetic FluidsD 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)D 2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Ste
13、am Tur-bine Oils by Rotating Pressure VesselD 2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants byViscosity System1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.C0.01on Turbine Oil Monitoring, P
14、roblems and Systems.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 437803.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
15、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4241 Practice for
16、 Design of Gas Turbine Generator Lu-bricating Oil SystemsD 4248 Practice for Design of Steam Turbine Generator OilSystemsD 6810 Test Method for Measurement of Hindered Phe-nolic Antioxidant Content in Non-Zinc Turbine Oils byLinear Sweep VoltammetryF311 Practice for ProcessingAerospace Liquid Sample
17、s forParticulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Fil-tersF 312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and CountingParticles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 4406:1999 Hydraulic fluid powerFluidsMethodfor coding the level of contamination by solid particles3. Signif
18、icance and Use3.1 This practice is intended to assist the user, in particularthe power-plant operator, to maintain effective lubrication ofall parts of the turbine and guard against the onset of problemsassociated with oil degradation and contamination.4. Properties of Turbine Oils4.1 Most turbine o
19、ils consist of a highly refined paraffinicmineral oil compounded with oxidation and rust inhibitors.Depending upon the performance level desired, small amountsof other additives such as metal deactivators, pour depressants,extreme pressure additives, and foam suppressants can also bepresent.4.2 New
20、turbine oils should exhibit good resistance tooxidation, inhibit sludge formation, and provide adequateantirust, water separability, and nonfoaming properties. How-ever, these oils cannot be expected to remain unchanged duringtheir use in the lubrication systems of turbines, as lubricatingoils exper
21、ience thermal and oxidative stresses which degradethe chemical composition of the oils basestock and graduallydeplete the oils additive package. Some deterioration can betolerated without prejudice to the safety or efficiency of thesystem. Reinhibition may improve some properties of the oil.Good mon
22、itoring procedures are necessary to determine whenthe oil properties have changed sufficiently to justify schedul-ing corrective actions which can be performed with little or nodetriment to production schedules.5. Operational Factors Affecting Service Life5.1 The factors that affect the service life
23、 of turbine lubri-cating oils are as follows: (1) type and design of system, (2)condition of system on startup, (3) original oil quality, (4)system operating conditions, (5) contamination, (6) oil makeuprate, and (7) handling and storage.5.1.1 Type and Design of SystemMost modern turbinelubricating
24、systems are similar in design, especially for thelarger units. For lubrication, the usual practice is to pressure-feed oil directly from the main oil pump. The rest of the systemconsists of a reservoir, oil cooler, strainer, piping and additionalpurification or filtration equipment, or a combination
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