ASTM D140 D140M-2009 Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials《沥青材料的抽样标准实施规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 140/D 140M 09Standard Practice forSampling Bituminous Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 140/D 140M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice applies to the sampling of bituminousmaterials at
3、 points of manufacture, storage, or delivery.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the t
4、wo systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil
5、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory Analysis3. Significance and Use3.1 Sampling is as important as testing, and precautionsshall be taken to obtain samples to show the true n
6、ature andcondition of the materials.3.2 Samples are taken for either of the following twopurposes:3.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of thebulk of the materials sampled, or3.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristicswhich the material possesses.4. Precautions4.1 Becau
7、se of the numerous types and grades of bitumi-nous materials that are alternately shipped and stored in thesame or similar containers, the opportunity for contaminatingthese containers with residues, precipitates, or cleaning sol-vents is ever present. Numerous opportunities also exist forobtaining
8、samples which are not strictly representative of thematerial or are contaminated after removal. Therefore it isincumbent upon the producer, transporter, user, and sampler toexercise continuous precaution in the sampling and handling ofthese materials.5. Selection of Samples5.1 Whenever practicable,
9、bituminous materials shall besampled at the point of manufacture or storage, and at suchtime as to allow the tests controlling acceptance or rejection tobe made in advance of shipment.5.2 When the samples cannot be taken at the point ofmanufacture or storage, they shall be taken from the shipmentimm
10、ediately upon delivery.6. Size of Samples6.1 The sample size of liquid materials shall be as follows:6.1.1 For routine laboratory examination, 1 L 1 qt (emul-sions 4 L 1 gal),6.1.2 From bulk storage, 4 L 1 gal, or6.1.3 From barrels or drums, 1 L 1 qt.6.2 The sample size of semisolid or solid materia
11、ls shall beas follows:6.2.1 From barrels, drums, or cakes, 1 to 2 kg 2 to 3 lb, or6.2.2 From crushed or powdered material in bulk or bags, 1to 2 kg 2 to 3 lb.7. Containers7.1 Type of Containers:7.1.1 Containers for liquid bituminous materials, exceptemulsions, shall be wide-mouth cans with lined scr
12、ew caps ortriple-seal friction-top cans.7.1.2 Containers for emulsified bituminous materials shallbe wide-mouth jars or bottles made of plastic, or wide-mouthplastic-lined cans with lined screw caps, or plastic-linedtriple-seal friction-top cans.7.1.3 Containers for crushed or powdered bituminous ma
13、-terials shall be triple-seal friction-top cans or plastic sacksplaced in other containers suitable for handling.7.2 Size of Containers:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 onMethods of Samp
14、ling.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 140 01 (2007).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStan
15、dards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2.1 The size of the container shall correspond to therequired amount of sample.8. Protection
16、and Preservation of Samples8.1 Sample containers shall be new. They shall not bewashed or rinsed, or wiped with an oily cloth. If they containevidence of solder flux, or if they are not clean and dry, theyshall not be used. Top and container shall fit together tightly.8.2 Care shall be taken to prev
17、ent the sample from becom-ing contaminated. Immediately after filling, the container shallbe tightly and positively sealed.8.3 The filled sample container shall not be submerged insolvent, nor shall it be wiped with a solvent saturated cloth. Ifcleaning is necessary use a clean dry cloth.8.4 Samples
18、 of emulsions shall be protected from freezingby correct packaging.NOTE 1When sampling emulsions, care should be taken not to samplematerial under pressure as such resultant velocities tend to cause airentrapment which could result in erroneous test results. Any visualbubbling of the material is one
19、 indication air has been entrapped. Inaddition, the sampling container should be completely filled to minimizea skin formation at the air-emulsion interface.8.5 Samples shall not be transferred from one container toanother except where required by the sampling procedure.8.6 Immediately after filling
20、, sealing, and cleaning, thesampling containers shall be properly marked for identificationwith a suitable marking pencil on the container itself, not onthe lid. Labels or tags also may be used for identification if theycan be securely fastened to the container in such a manner asto ensure that they
21、 will not be lost in transit. Labels or tagsshall not be attached to containers by using the lids to securethem. All identification materials shall maintain their integrityat temperatures up to 200C 390F.9. Sampling at Place of Manufacture9.1 Vertical Tanks Not Capable of Being Agitated (LiquidMater
22、ials or Materials Made Liquid by Heating) (800 m35000 bbl or more capacity)Three sampling methods arerecommended (Note 2):9.1.1 Sampling-Valve MethodValves shall be located,with easy and safe access provided, on the side of the tank withthe first in the top third of the tank, but no higher than1m3ft
23、 from the top; the second in the middle third of the tank; andthe third in the bottom third of the tank, but no lower than 1.1m 3 ft from the bottom. A recommended design of thesampling valve is shown in Fig. 1.9.1.1.1 A minimum of 4 L 1 gal of the product shall bedrawn from each sample valve and di
24、scarded before taking thesample for test, and9.1.1.2 One to 4 L 1 qt to 1 gal shall be drawn from eachsample valve for test.9.1.2 Thief Sampler Method (not suitable for asphaltcements)Samples shall be taken in the top, middle, and lowersections at levels indicated in 9.1.1, of the tank by lowering a
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