[外语类试卷]职称英语（理工类）ABC级综合模拟试卷14及答案与解析.doc

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1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 We should be cautious in crossing a crowded street. （ A） careful （ B） intelligent （ C） quiet （ D） weary 2 Japan made a proposal to Korea for increasing trade between two countries. （ A） pr

2、eparation （ B） exception （ C） suggestion （ D） companion 3 I can hardly believe it, its amazing. （ A） over and over （ B） unconscious （ C） unreliable （ D） incredible 4 Peter is experiencing a difficult period in his life. （ A） going into （ B） going out of （ C） going over （ D） going through 5 Sandre ca

3、me across an important letter yesterday while cleaning the desk. （ A） mentioned （ B） read （ C） discovered （ D） walked away with 6 The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether; （ A） disappear （ B） develop （ C） linger （ D） renew 7 She has such exceptional abilities that everyone

4、 is jealous of her. （ A） regular （ B） specific （ C） extraordinary （ D） rare 8 Have you got a spare pen? （ A） new （ B） long （ C） thin （ D） extra 9 In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union. （ A） strange （ B） certain （ C） inconsistent （ D） proper 10 Sulphur

5、has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state. （ A） regularly （ B） accidentally （ C） sometimes （ D） successfully 11 Do you need anybody to assist you in your work? （ A） inform （ B） aid （ C） direct （ D） instruct 12 If you have any complaint please see the manager. （ A） protest （ B）

6、 criticism （ C） suggestion （ D） fault 13 Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of man. （ A） possible （ B） typical （ C） interesting （ D） morally good 14

7、 Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. （ A） inadequately （ B） hardly （ C） faintly （ D） sufficiently 15 Thus our conviction is reinforced that only social revolution can really solve the problems of the people. （ A） argument （ B） belief （ C） proposal （ D） theory 二、 阅读判断

8、 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Easy Learning Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but theyve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are a

9、year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 new

10、born babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds - one that sounds like “oo“, another like “ee“ and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG recordings of the infants b

11、rains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, whi

12、le the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies whod heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even w

13、hen its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesnt know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies dont “turn off“ their cerebral cortex while they s

14、leep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds - so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give reme

15、dial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders. 16 Babies can learn language even in their sleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Finnish vowels

16、 are easy to distinguish. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The study shows that the infants cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentione

17、d 21 If an adult wants to learn a language faster, he can put a language tape under his pillow. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Cheours finding is worthless. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概 括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个

18、最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Screen Test 1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick .up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening p

19、rogrammes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays

20、because their breast tissue is denser. 3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this wo

21、uld cause. 4 The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the LIN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a

22、 lower figure of 20 cancers. 5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,0

23、00 women screened. 6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the t

24、echnique“ for breast cancer screening. 7 “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully de

25、tected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.“ 23 A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B Investigating the Effect of Screening C Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D Small Risk of Inducing

26、Cancers from Radiation E Treatment of Cancers F Factors That Trigger Cancers 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A be costly B harmful C save a life D still open to debate E reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F reduced to the minimum 27 Early discover

27、y of breast cancer may _. 28 Advantages of screening women under 50 are _. 29 Delaying the age at which screening starts may _. 30 Radiation exposure should be _. 四 、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth In what resembles a journey

28、to the center of the Earth, Japanese scientists have launched the worlds first attempt to bore a hole into the red-hot core of a volcano and unlock the secrets of deadly eruption. A 50-meter-high oil-rig-like derrick perched on the scrubby slopes of Japans Mount Unzen will begin drilling through the

29、 volcanos crust next week in a bid to sample the magma bubbling below. The aim is to study how the liquefied rock causes menacing gas buildup, said team leader Setsuya Nakata, of the University of Tokyos Earthquake Research Institute. “Gassing is important because it controls the explosivity of erup

30、tions,“ Nakata said. “The results can be expanded to anti-disaster research.“ Mount Unzen, a wind-swept 1,486-meter dome on the southern island of Kyushu, is a perfect model. It erupted in 1991, showering avalanches of hot rocks over a nearby town, killing 43 people and leaving nearly 2,300 homeless

31、. Another 11,000 people were evacuated from the area until 1995, when the volcano had stabilized. The results are particularly important to a nation like Japan, where the meteorological agency monitors 20 dangerous peaks. Perhaps Japans most famous volcano is snowcapped Mount Fuji, which last erupte

32、d in 1707 and sprinkled Tokyo with ash. The drilling on Mount Unzen will begin very soon from an altitude of 850 meters on its northwest slope. Scientists hope to tap a magma vent around sea level by August and extract a 200- meter-long core sample by summer 2004. Boring into the glowing magma at th

33、at level would normally be impossible, because of its fiery 700 degree Celsius heat. Thus, a slurry of water will be pumped into the drill shaft to cool the magma and allow the drill head to cut through. Nakata said there is no danger of triggering another eruption. 31 According to the passage, Moun

34、t Unzen （ A） erupted in 1707. （ B） erupted in 1991. （ C） erupted in 1995. （ D） several times in the last century. 32 According to the passage, the study of the Mount Unzen volcano may benefit Japan in all the following aspects EXCEPT （ A） finding causes of volcano eruptions. （ B） helping to launch a

35、nti-disaster research. （ C） looking into the connection between liquified rocks and gas buildup. （ D） predicting volcano eruptions. 33 Why is this research project so important to Japan? （ A） Because Japan has many living volcanos. （ B） Because Japan wants to turn Mount Fuji to a dead volcano. （ C）

36、Because volcano gas could be a source of energy. （ D） Because Japan is testing a new way of drilling into the earth. 34 The drilling site on Mount Unzen is （ A） around the sea level. （ B） on the northeast slope of the mountain. （ C） about half way up the mountain. （ D） as high as 1,486 meters. 35 Th

37、e title of this passage Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth actually means that they （ A） drill a hole into the core of a volcano. （ B） bore into the rocks near the volcanic vent. （ C） conduct an imagery journey to the core of a volcano. （ D） regard magma as the core of Earth. 36 A Sunshade for the

38、 Planet Even with the best will in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and

39、rises in sea level. At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough. Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worst, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves

40、. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geoengineering“ projects that

41、might be used to counteract global warming. “I use the analogy of methadone,“ says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. “If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization, and a l

42、ong rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin.“ Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen“ to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth: launch trillions of feather-light discs into space, where they would form a vast cloud that would

43、block the suns rays. Its controversial, but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earths surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the s

44、uns rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century, and that would last f

45、or at 1east a century more. 36 According to the first two paragraphs, the author thinks that （ A） strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming. （ B） to reduce carbon emissions is an impossible mission. （ C） despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to preven

46、t global warming. （ D） actions suggested by scientists will never be realized. 37 Scientists resist talking about their options because they dont want people to （ A） know what they are doing. （ B） feel their efforts are useless. （ C） think the problem has been solved. （ D） see the real problem. 38 W

47、hat does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone? （ A） Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict. （ B） Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict. （ C） Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict. （ D） Methadone a

48、nd heroin are equally effective in treating a heroin addict. 39 What is Stephen Schneiders idea of preventing global warming? （ A） To ask governments to take stronger measures. （ B） To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth. （ C） To apply sunscreen to the Earth. （ D） To decrease greenhouse gases.

49、40 What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen“, according to the last paragraph? （ A） It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming. （ B） It blocks the incident energy in the suns rays. （ C） It is a controversial method. （ D） decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 41 Thirst for Oil Worldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth c