[外语类试卷]国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷4及答案与解析.doc

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1、国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 4及答案与解析 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Surgeons will soon be able to enter the eye to carry out operations-at least in a virtual sense. Techniques derived from v

2、irtual reality-the computer system that immerses operations in an artificial computer-generated world-will allow surgeons to feel as if he could see the inside of the eye during an operation, creating the illusion that they are actually there. Researchers at the Biorobotics Laboratory of McGill Univ

3、ersity in Montreal are building a robot, known as Micro Surgery robot - 1 (MSR - I for short), that will perform delicate operations under the control of a human surgeon. The robot is specifically designed for performing eye surgery but could have other applications, such as the removal of brain tum

4、ors. The system could also be used to allow surgeons and their students to practise simulated surgery that feel like the real thing-without the real consequences for the patients. During the operations, the surgeon manipulates a set of control known as the master. These are connected through a high-

5、performance computer to the robot. Both the master and the robot have two limbs, When the surgeon moves the masters limbs, the robots limbs move in exactly the same way, except that the movements can be scaled down as much as a thousand times. This will eliminate hand tremor and poor accuracy and th

6、us reduce the damage to the eye that can occur with present microsurgery techniques. Each of the robots limbs has a minimum movement of one micrometer-more than one hundred times the precision of the human hand. The computer also creates a three-dimensional robot s eye view of the inside of the eye

7、that the surgeon can see by wearing a virtual reality helmet that has a small lens in front of each eye. To provide the surgeon with such a realistic experience, MSR-I must be able to move rapidly, but this requires extremely fast computing. To handle the computational demands of instant interaction

8、, the McGill team is constructing its own parallel-processing computer. It is also studying areas such as muscle mechanism, artificial intelligence and optics, and has a already built another micro robot MR-I, capable of manipulating a single living cell. Although commercial applications of the new

9、system are not expected for several years, its basic mechanical components will be ready for testing in a few months, “The day when micro-robots will be able to perform surgery without human intervention is many years away,“ says Hunter, “in the meantime, a system such as MRS-I is a necessary precur

10、sor.“ 1 The so-called “virtual reality “mentioned in this passage is actually _ . （ A） a surgical tool used for operations （ B） a computer system used to produce life-like illusions （ C） a new kind of applications in a visual technology （ D） a way to carry out operations in a visual sense 2 What is

11、MSR-1 designed for? （ A） For making inside-eye observations. （ B） For carrying out operations on human eyes. （ C） For cutting off brain tumors. （ D） For both B and C 3 What is the chief advantage of the virtual reality techniques when used in microsurgery? （ A） The medical students and surgeons can

12、use it to practise simulated surgical operations as if operating on a real patient. （ B） Medical students and surgeons can do any operations without considering their consequences. （ C） It helps to do operations on human eyes extremely accurately. （ D） It allows surgeons and their students to set th

13、eir imagination free. 4 The phrase “scale down “in Para. 3 probably means to _ . （ A） reduce the proportion of the size properly （ B） reduce according to the fixed pattern （ C） make it diminish infinitely （ D） cut down the time properly 5 The last paragraph of the passage clearly indicates that _ .

14、（ A） MSR-I may be brought into practical application in a few years （ B） as a necessary pioneer in medical science, MSR-1 has still a long way to go （ C） the basic mechanical components of MSR-1 are being tested for their final assemblage （ D） the commercial applications of MSR-1 will be expected in

15、 a few years Part D Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 5 Black holes. They act like huge drains in the universe. Frightening? Fascinating? Or just fantasy? The very conce

16、pt of black holes confuses our common sense notions of matter, time, and space. The theory that black holes can, and probably do, exist in space doesn t only concern scientists and astronomers. 【 B1】 For if the theory is valid, we must question all our basic physical laws and, indeed, our “normal“ e

17、xperience of the physical world around us. What is a black hole? Well, it s difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. 【 B2】 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) in

18、to which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape-not even light. So we can t see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space-or so we think. How can this happen? The theory is that some stars explode when their density increase

19、s to a particular point; they “collapse“ and sometimes a supernova occurs. The collapse of a star may produce a “White Dwarf“ or a “neutron star“-a star whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger, than our sun) thi

20、s process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. 【 B3】 Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impos

21、sible to say what happens inside a black hole. Our space and time laws don t seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein s relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no “absolute“

22、 time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer-they are relative. 【 B4】 We do not yet fully understand the implications of relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein s theory provided a basis for their existence.

23、It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a partner to “the one which we can s

24、ee in the sky. There is one star, called by its catalogue number HDE 226868, which must have a partner. This partner star, it seems, has a mass ten or twenty times greater than the sun-yet we can t see it. Matter from HDE 226868 is being dragged towards this companion star. Could this invisible star

25、, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions. The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallow

26、ing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day harness the energy of black holes for man s use on earth. There are also suggestions that black holes could be used to create bombs in the f

27、uture, by amplifying radio waves sent up to them. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. 【 B5】 They show us a world that operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most

28、basic experience of space and time. 一、 Section IV Writing (35 minutes) 11 As television brings some unfavorable effects on people, some suggest that we should do away with television. Since you consider television as indispensable part of your life, you ore writing in response to the suggestion by i

29、ncluding the following points in your essay: 1) Television provides us with the information of the world; 2) Television helps us to improve ourselves; 3) Television offers entertainment. You should write 160-200 words on ANSWER SHEET 国家公共英语四级（综合）练习试卷 4答案与解析 Part B Directions: Read the following four

30、 texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 1 【听力原文】 见文章第一段。 1 【试题解析】 B 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 2 【听力原文】 见文章第二段开头两句。 2 【试题解析】 D 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 3 【听力原文】 见文章第二段最后一句。 3 【试题解析】 A 【知识模块】 Sc

31、ience and Technology 4 【听力原文】 找到这一短语所在的句子后，可以根据句意和上下文判断。 4 【试题解析】 A 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 5 【听力原文】 从 Hunter所说的话里可以看出来。 5 【试题解析】 B 【知识模块】 Science and Technology Part D Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation shoul

32、d be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 6 【正确答案】 因为如果这一理论成立，我们就得对所有的基础物理法则，即我们对周围的客观世界 “正常的 ”认识提出质疑。 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 7 【正确答案】 天文学家和科学家认为，黑洞是空间的一个区域 (而非一种物质 )，在这一区域，物质被吸引进去并且没有任何物质可以逃脱，甚至连光也不例外。 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 8 【正确答案】 试想，如果地球体积缩小到如同一块大理石，而其质

33、量不变并且具有更强的吸引力，那么你就会对黑洞的力量有一点认识了。 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 9 【正确答案】 我们还不完全理解相对论的含义，但有趣的是，爱因斯坦的理论为黑洞的存在奠定了基础。 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 10 【正确答案】 他们为我们展现了一个运行方式与我们完全不同的世界，同时质疑我们对空间和时间的大多数基本认识。 【知识模块】 Science and Technology 一、 Section IV Writing (35 minutes) 11 【正确答案】 On Television In the mode

34、rn world, television has become an indispensable part of our daily life. Television brings the world to every family. Almost every day, after dinner, we sit on our sofa and press a small button, and the things that happen thousands of miles away appear in front of our eyes. It has become an importan

35、t means for us to get in touch with our city and other places around the world. With the development of television, various courses are offered for us to improve ourselves. Thus we can study various subjects without leaving home; education is obtained and family life is saved as well. Television can

36、 provide us with such entertainment as sports, songs, dances, quizzes and other programs, which get us relaxed after a day s work. With television as a companion, we will hardly feel dull even if we stay at home all day long. The above mentioned points are only a few of its advantages and more are coming to help us live better. Having enjoyed the comfort and convenience of television for so long, we can hardly imagine how we can cope without it. 【知识模块】 Science and Technology