ASTM C465-2009 Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements.pdf

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1、Designation: C 465 09Standard Specification forProcessing Additions for Use in the Manufactureof Hydraulic Cements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to beused for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic

3、pro-cessing addition, when used in the recommended amount at theoption of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydrauliccements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition inSpecifications C 150, C 1157, C 845, and C 595. The materialslisted in the following former ASTM Specifications s

4、hall beconsidered as meeting the organic processing additions re-quirements of this specification:C 150 62, for Portland Cement2C 205 58 T, for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement3C 340 58 T, for Portland Pozzolan Cement3C 358 58, for Slag Cement31.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only

5、to thetest methods described in this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulat

6、ory limitations priorto use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical

7、Concrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method f

8、or Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeterC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydra

9、ulicCementC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of HydraulicCementC 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC 191 Test Methods for Time of Se

10、tting of HydraulicCement by Vicat NeedleC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC 205 Discontinued 1968; Specification for Portland Blast-Furnace Cement; Replaced by C 5955C 22

11、6 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use inthe Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic CementC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Us-ing Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading)C 340 Discontinu

12、ed 1970; Specification for CorkboardThermal Insulation; Replaced by C 6405C 358 Discontinued 1968; Specification for Slag Cement;Replaced by C 59551This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 onCement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.Current

13、 edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 465 99(2005).2See 1961 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 4.3Discontinued, see 1958 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 4.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o

14、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section a

15、ppears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con-taining Hydraulic CementC 617 Practice for Cappin

16、g Cylindrical Concrete Speci-mensC 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic CementC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementD 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, ofLiquid Industrial ChemicalsE 203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitration3. Materials3.1 Ce

17、ments:3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organicprocessing addition be accepted for general use in portlandcement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at leastfive different clinkers. As a minimum, these clinkers shallrepresent two Type I cements containing not less than 9

18、.0 %C3A, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements, allconforming to Specification C 150.3.1.2 In cases where it is also desired that the proposedorganic processing addition be used in blended cements, thetest and test procedures shall be as specified with a control andan addition for cement conf

19、orming to the appropriate Specifi-cation C 595 or C 1157.3.1.3 Organic processing additions which have been shownto meet the requirements of this specification may also be usedin cements conforming to Specification C 845. Testing of theaddition with these special cements, where desired, shall bedone

20、 using the tests and test procedures as specified with acontrol cement and a cement containing the addition, bothconforming to Specification C 845.3.1.4 In cases where it is desired that the proposed organicprocessing addition be limited in use to specific types ofcement less in number than required

21、 in 3.1.1, the tests and testprocedures shall be as specified, and at least two pairs ofcements shall be prepared from two clinkers from differentplants for each type under specific consideration.3.1.5 For inorganic processing additions, or in cases whereit is desired that the proposed organic proce

22、ssing addition belimited in use to a single plant, the tests and test proceduresshall be as specified and at least two pairs of cements shall beprepared from clinker representing each type under specificconsideration.3.1.6 The two companion cements to be made from any oneclinker shall be ground to t

23、he same fineness within 7 m2/kgwhen tested in accordance with Test Method C115or within13 m2/kg when tested in accordance with Test Method C 204,and the SO3content, expressed as a percentage of the cementmass and reported to the nearest 0.01 %, shall differ by notmore than 0.3, so as to afford compa

24、rable samples for indicat-ing the effect of the addition on the cement. Each controlcement shall comply with all requirements in the specificationapplicable to that type of cement, and shall not contain theproposed addition when tested by the method furnished by theproducer or seller of the addition

25、.3.1.7 The percentage of each of the following shall bedetermined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide(SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), calciumoxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3),ignition loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), andpotassium o

26、xide (K2O). There shall also be calculated thepotential percentages of the following compounds: tricalciumsilicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracal-cium aluminoferrite. Determinations for the percentage of theaddition shall be made, both on the control cements and onthose with

27、 which the addition was interground, using themethod proposed therefore by the sponsor.3.2 AggregatesThe fine and coarse aggregates shall com-ply with Specification C33; the coarse aggregate shall complywith the grading requirements for Size No. 57 or Size No. 67.A sufficient quantity from a single

28、lot of coarse aggregate andfrom a single lot of fine aggregate shall be provided tocomplete all tests. To prevent the segregation of particle sizesin the fine aggregate, a single lot of sand sufficient for all testsshall either ( 1) be separated on the 4.75-mm (No. 4), 1.18-mm(No. 16), 300 m (No. 50

29、), and 150 m (No. 100) sieves andthen be recombined in the required quantity for each batch; or(2) be blended while in a damp condition, and maintained inthat condition for the duration of the tests. Under option (2),lots of appropriate size for single mortar and concrete batchesshall be carefully s

30、plit or quartered from the entire batch.4. General Requirements4.1 Processing additions shall conform to the respectiverequirements in this specification.4.2 The trade name, source, character of the material, andmeans for the quantitative determination of the addition in thefinished cement shall be

31、furnished by the sponsor, manufac-turer, or supplier of the addition, and the information shall forma part of the record of tests of the addition. If the processingaddition is a liquid, the specific gravity and percent watercontent shall also be part of the record. If the processingaddition is an in

32、organic solid, the allowable ranges of chemicalanalysis and specific gravity of the addition shall also be partof the record.4.2.1 The specific gravity, run in accordance with 7.1.1 shallbe within 60.05 units of the value reported in 4.2.4.2.2 The chemical analysis in 7.2.1 and specific gravity in7.

33、2.2 shall be within the ranges given in 4.2.4.3 Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparingcements containing the addition to otherwise identical cementsfrom the same source without the addition, or containing aprocessing addition which has been shown to comply with thisspecification using

34、control cements without any additions,hereinafter designated the “control” cement.4.4 The amount of the processing addition to be intergroundwith the cement for evaluation purposes shall be determined bythe sponsor of the addition.4.4.1 The amount of the addition in the cement containingthe addition

35、 and showing compliance with the requirements ofthis specification shall be determined quantitatively by meansof the quantitative determination required by 4.2.4.4.2 The amount of addition, so determined, shall be usedto state the amount of addition that shows compliance with thisspecification.C4650

36、924.4.3 When tests on cements containing the addition showcompliance with the requirements of this specification, theaddition in cement may be used in any amount up to themaximum amount showing compliance.4.5 The cement produced for evaluation purposes with theprocessing addition shall comply with t

37、he appropriate Speci-fications C 150, C 845, C 1157M, or C 595, except that itcontains the addition under test. The effect of the addition onthe properties of the cement shall also be within the followinglimits:4.5.1 The percentage of water by mass of cement requiredfor normal consistency of cement

38、containing the addition shallnot exceed that required by the corresponding control cementby more than 1.0. For those cements not limited to a fixedwater requirement, the percentage of water by mass of cementrequired for standard consistency of the mortar used forstrength determinations as described

39、in 4.5.4 shall not beincreased by more than 2.0 by the addition over that requiredfor the control cement.4.5.2 The time of setting of cement containing the additionshall not vary from the time of setting of the correspondingcontrol cement by more than1hor50%,whichever is thelesser.4.5.3 The autoclav

40、e expansion of cement containing theaddition, expressed as a percentage change in length, shall benot more than 0.10 greater than that of the correspondingcontrol cement.4.5.4 The compressive strength of mortar cubes made withcement containing the addition, in accordance with TestMethod C 109/C 109M

41、, and tested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days forall types, shall be compared with strengths obtained with thecontrol cement at similar ages. The grand average of theseindividual strength percentages shall be not less than 95 % ofthe control cement values. It is required that cubes forcompanion cements be ma

42、de and tested on the same days, withstorage of specimens side by side in the same section of themoist cabinet during the 24-h curing period. Retesting ofcompanion cements on the same, or a following, day isrequired in order to provide six, rather than three, test speci-mens for each cement and age o

43、f test.4.5.5 The ultimate drying shrinkage (percent) of mortarmade with cement containing the addition shall not be morethan 0.025 greater than that of similar mortar made with thecorresponding control cement when tested in accordance withTest Method C 596.4.5.6 The compressive strength of the concr

44、ete made withcement containing the addition shall be compared withstrengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. Thegrand average of these individual strength percentages shall benot less than 90 % of the values for the control cement.4.5.7 The flexural strength of concrete made with ce

45、mentcontaining the addition shall be compared with strengthsobtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grandaverage of these individual strength percentages shall be notless than 90 % of the values for the control cement.4.5.8 The amount of air-entraining addition required toproduce 19 6

46、3 % air in the mortar test made in accordancewith Test Method C 185, with the cement containing theaddition under test, shall be not greater than 120 % of theamount required to produce, within 61 %, the air contentobtained with the control cement. The air-entraining additionused shall meet the requi

47、rements of Specification C 226.4.6 Processing additions which provide maximum effects asgrinding aids or pack set inhibitors may increase cementflowability to a point where mill retention time is reducedsufficiently to affect significantly the particle size distributionof the resulting cement and it

48、s physical-chemical properties.Since mill retention times are controllable by mechanicalmeans in full-scale grinding mills, the true physical-chemicaleffects of the test additive may, in instances where full-scaletests have shown mill retention time reductions to havesignificant effects on the prope

49、rties of the resulting cement, bedetermined for acceptance purposes by making supplementarylaboratory or pilot-mill grinds.4.7 In the event that the effect of the addition on theproperties of cement are determined on the basis of laboratoryor pilot mill grinds, this fact shall be entered in the reportspecified in Section 13, and the specific tests shall be indicated.5. Sampling Cement5.1 Samples of the plant-ground cement shall be taken fromthe product stream during grinding. Prior to the start ofsampling a given lot of cement, the mill shall have run for 4 hor long enou