ASTM C125-2011b Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates《混凝土和混凝土集料相关的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation:C12511a Designation: C125 11bStandard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1This standard is a compilation of general te

3、rminology related to hydraulic cement concrete, concrete aggregates, and othermaterials used in or with hydraulic cement concrete.1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms as they are used in standards under the jurisdiction of Committee C09.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdict

4、ion of Committee C09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Terms relating to constituents of aggregates forradiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C638.1.3Related1.3 Re

5、lated terminology for hydraulic cement is included in Terminology C219.Additionally, theAmerican ConcreteInstitute has an electronic document, ACI Concrete Terminology,2which is updated periodically. While this ACI Terminology isa useful resource, it shall not be referenced directly in ASTM standard

6、s because it is not a consensus document. The use ofindividual ACI or other definitions in ASTM standards shall be in accordance with Form and Style, Section E5.9, Attributions .1.4 When a term is used in an ASTM standard for which Committee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if used inm

7、ore than one Committee C09 standard.1.5Definitions that are adopted from those published by other ASTM committees or other standards organizations are identifiedwith the ASTM designation (for example, Terminology C219) or with the abbreviation of the name of the other organization.1.6A definition in

8、 this standard is a statement of the meaning of a word or word group expressed in a single sentence withadditional information included in notes or discussion.NOTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is still app

9、ropriateas stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary. The year shown in parentheses at the end of a definition indicates the year the definitionor revision to the definition was approved. A letter R and a year indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the term has n

10、ot yet beenreviewed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete AggregatesC403/C403M Test

11、 Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing ofHydraulic Cements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomen

12、clature of Constituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity MethodC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use

13、 in Construction and Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluation1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.91 onTerminology.Current edition approved Aug. 1,Dec. 15, 2011. Published September 2011

14、.January 2012. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asC12511a. DOI: 10.1520/C0125-11ab.2Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.terminology.concrete.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w

15、ebsite, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indi

16、cation of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be c

17、onsidered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1437 Test Method for F

18、low of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating ConcreteE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials3. Terms a

19、nd Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into and tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting from the penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R 2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case of concrete and c

20、oncrete aggregates, unless otherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass is that whichdoes not include water adhering to the outside surface, the increase in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of the body and the bodyis considered to be “dry” when it has been tr

21、eated by an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as drying to constant mass at atemperature between 100 and 110C.accreditation, nof testing agency, a process by which an evaluation authority attests that a testing agency has demonstrated thecompetency to perform specific tasks in acc

22、ordance with a standard. (2011)admixture, na material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that is used as aningredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that is added to the batchbefore or dur

23、ing its mixing. (R 2008)accelerating admixture, nadmixture that accelerates the setting and early strength development of concrete. (C494/C494M)air-entraining admixture, nadmixture that causes the development of a system of microscopic air bubbles in concrete ormortar during mixing.chemical admixtur

24、e, na nonpozzolanic admixture in the form of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid.mineral admixture, ndeprecated term.DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types of water insoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic materials, cementitiousmaterials, and aggregate.

25、 These materials are not similar, and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of the specific material shouldbe used, for example, use “pozzolan,” “slag cement,” or “finely divided aggregate,” as is appropriate.retarding admixture, nadmixture that retards the setting of concrete

26、. (C494/C494M)water-reducing admixture, nadmixture that either increases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete without increasingthe water content or that maintains the slump with a reduced amount of water due to factors other than air entrainment.water-reducing admixture, high-range, na wat

27、er-reducing admixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction of watercontent when tested in accordance with Specification C494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requirements of SpecificationC494/C494M.aggregate, ngranular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or iron blast-furnace

28、slag, used with a cementing mediumto form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar. (R 2008)coarse aggregate, n(1) aggregate predominantly retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregateretained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be appli

29、ed under differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either ina natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading should be statedin the specification.fine aggregate, n(1) aggregate pas

30、sing the 9.5-mm (38-in.) sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andpredominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andretained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be a

31、pplied under differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either ina natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading should be statedin the specifications.heavyweight aggregate, nsee h

32、igh-density aggregate.high-density aggregate, naggregate with relative density greater than 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, ilmenite, iron,or steel.lightweight aggregate, nsee low-density aggregate.low-density aggregate, naggregate with bulk density less than 1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft70 lb/ft3)

33、, such as: pumice, scoria, volcaniccinders, tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; and endproducts of coal or coke combustion.normal-density aggregate, naggregate that is neither high nor low density.DISCUSSIONThis term refers

34、 to aggregate with relative density typically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typically ranging between1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft70 lb/ft3) and 1920 kg/m3(120 lb/ft120 lb/ft3). .normalweight aggregate, nsee normal-density aggregate.C125 11b2air content, nthe volume of air voids in cement

35、paste, mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregate particles, usuallyexpressed as a percentage of total volume of the paste, mortar, or concrete. (R 2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air voidsee void, air.authority, evaluation, nan independent entity,

36、 apart from the testing agency being evaluated, that has the capability to providean unbiased evaluation of the technical activities of concrete and concrete aggregates testing agencies. (2011)DISCUSSIONTwo acceptable methods of evaluation are inspection and accreditation, and these services are off

37、ered by various evaluation authorities.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases,that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, air-cooled , nthe

38、material resulting from solidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by application of water to the solidified surface. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, expanded, nthe low density cellular material obtained by controlled processing of molt

39、en blast-furnace slagwith water or water and other agents, such as steam or compressed air or both. (R 2011)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular material formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as byimmersion in water. (R 2008)bleeding, nthe autogenous flow of mixi

40、ng water within, or its emergence from, newly placed concrete or mortar caused by thesettlement of the solid materials within the mass, also called water gain. (R 2008)bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a unit volume of bulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes the volume of theindivid

41、ual particles and the volume of the voids between the particles). (R 2008)DISCUSSIONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightof aggregate.bulk specific gravity, nthe ratio of the mass of a volume of a material (including the permeable and impermeable voids in thematerial, but excluding the

42、voids between particles of the material) at a stated temperature to the mass of an equal volume ofdistilled water at a stated temperature. (R 2008)bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry), nthe ratio of the mass of a volume of a material including the mass of water withinthe pores in the materi

43、al (but excluding the voids between particles) at a stated temperature, to the mass of an equal volume ofdistilled water at a stated temperature. (R 2008)calibration, nof measuring instrument, a process that, under specified conditions and following a standard procedure, establishesmetrological trac

44、eability by determining: (1) the relationship between the quantity values provided by measurement standardsor certified reference materials and the corresponding indications from a measuring instrument or system; and (2) the estimateduncertainty of measurements made subsequently with the instrument

45、or system. (2011)DISCUSSIONCalibration takes into account systematic error (or bias) of the measuring instrument or system as well as random error that is associatedwith the use of the measurement instrument or system and error associated with the measurement standards or certified reference materia

46、ls. Calibrationshould not be confused with an adjustment of a measuring instrument or with verification of a measuring instrument. Sometimes the first step aloneis mistakenly called calibration, but performing only the first step is the process of standardization . In tests of concrete and concrete

47、aggregates,standardization of measuring instruments or systems is often sufficient.cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is capable of doing so under water.(R 2008)cement, slag, ngranulated blast-furnace slag th

48、at has been ground to cement fineness, with or without additions, and that is ahydraulic cement.cementitious material (hydraulic) , nan inorganic material or a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and develops strengthby chemical reaction with water by formation of hydrates and is capable of doi

49、ng so under water. (R 2008)cementitious mixture, na mixture (mortar, concrete, or grout) containing hydraulic cement. (R 2008)certification, nof technician, a process by which an examiner determines and attests in writing that an individual has metestablished criteria and is qualified to perform specific test methods or practices. (2011)compound, curing, na liquid that, when applied to the surface of newly-placed concrete, forms a membrane that impedes theevaporation of water and, in the case of white pigmented compounds,