ASME PVHO-1-2012 Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy (PVHO-1 - 2012)《病员用压力容器安全性标准》.pdf

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1、Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human OccupancyAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PVHO-12012(Revision of ASME PVHO-12007)ASME PVHO-12012(Revision of ASME PVHO-12007)Safety Standard forPressure Vessels forHuman OccupancyAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate

2、 of Issuance: May 31, 2012The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Periodically certain actions of the ASME PVHO Committee may be published as Cases.Cases and inter

3、pretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammat

4、ical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on

5、 the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. Th

6、e Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional pub

7、lic input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems

8、mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,

9、and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those i

10、nterpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permis

11、sion of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2012 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword viiCommittee Roster . viiiCorrespondence With the PVHO Committee xSummary of C

12、hanges xiiSection 1 General Requirements. 11-1 Introduction . 11-2 Scope . 11-3 Exclusions 11-4 User Requirements 11-5 Manufacturers Data Report . 11-6 Materials 21-7 Design and Fabrication Requirements 21-8 Pressure Relief Devices 121-9 Marking 131-10 Nonmetallic Materials and Toxicity Offgas Testi

13、ng 141-11 Risk Analysis . 15Section 2 Viewports 162-1 General . 162-2 Design 162-3 Material . 652-4 Fabrication 722-5 Inspection . 742-6 Marking 752-7 Pressure Testing . 762-8 Installation of Windows in Chambers 782-9 Repair of Damaged Windows Prior to Being Placed in Service 782-10 Guidelines for A

14、pplication of the Requirements of Section 2 79Section 3 Quality Assurance for PVHO Manufacturers . 843-1 General . 843-2 Responsibilities 84Section 4 Piping Systems. 854-1 General . 854-2 Material Requirements 864-3 Design of Components 884-4 Selection and Limitations of Piping Components . 884-5 Se

15、lection and Limitations of Piping Joints 894-6 Supports 904-7 Inspection . 904-8 Testing 914-9 Systems . 92Section 5 Medical Hyperbaric Systems. 985-1 General . 985-2 PVHO System Design . 985-3 Gas Systems 985-4 Control Systems and Instrumentation 995-5 Environmental Systems 99iiiSection 6 Diving Sy

16、stems . 1006-1 General . 1006-2 Design 1016-3 Pressure Boundary 1036-4 Systems . 1046-5 Testing 105Section 7 Submersibles. 1067-1 General . 1067-2 Pressure Boundary 1077-3 Piping 1087-4 Electrical Systems . 1087-5 Life Support 1097-6 FireProtection 1107-7 Navigation 1107-8 Communications 1117-9 Inst

17、rumentation . 1117-10 Buoyancy, Stability, Emergency Ascent, and Entanglement 1117-11 Emergency Equipment 112Figures1-7.13.1-1 Geometry of Cylinders 71-7.13.1-2 Stiffener Geometry 81-7.13.1-3 Sections Through Rings . 81-7.13.5-1 Values of t/Roand Lc/Ro131-9(b)-1 Form of Nameplate, U.S. Customary . 1

18、41-9(b)-2 Form of Nameplate, Metric 142-2.2.1-1 Standard Window Geometries . 182-2.2.1-2 Standard Window Geometries . 192-2.2.1-3 Standard Window Geometries . 202-2.2.1-4 Standard Window Geometries . 212-2.5.1-1 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows . 262-2.5.1-2 Short-Term Criti

19、cal Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows . 272-2.5.1-3 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows . 282-2.5.1-4 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows 292-2.5.1-5 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows 302-2.5.1-6 Short-Term Critical

20、Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows . 312-2.5.1-7 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows . 322-2.5.1-8 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows PressurizedInternally . 332-2.5.1-9 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressu

21、rizedInternally . 342-2.5.1-10 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows PressurizedExternally 352-2.5.1-11 Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows BetweenSupports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure . 362-2.5.1-12 Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acryl

22、ic Windows BetweenSupports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure . 372-2.5.1-13 Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows BetweenSupports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure . 382-2.5.1-14 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO TypeAcrylic Windows 402-2.5.1-15 Sho

23、rt-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO TypeAcrylic Windows 412-2.10.1-1 Seat Cavity Requirements Conical Frustum Window, Spherical SectorWindow With Conical Edge, and Flat Disk Window 452-2.10.1-2 Seat Cavity Requirements Double Beveled Disk Window . 46iv2-2.10.1-3 Seat Cavity Requ

24、irements Spherical Sector Window WithSquare Edge 472-2.10.1-4 Seat Cavity Requirements Hemispherical Window WithEquatorial Flange . 482-2.10.1-5 Seat Cavity Requirements Cylindrical Window . 492-2.10.1-6 Seat Cavity Requirements Hyperhemispherical Window 502-2.10.1-7 Seat Cavity Requirements NEMO Wi

25、ndow (Standard Seat) . 512-2.10.1-8 Seat Cavity Requirements NEMO Window (Seat With Extended CyclicFatigue Life) 522-2.11.10-1 Bevels on Window Edges Flat Disk Windows, Conical FrustumWindows, Spherical Sector Windows, Hyperhemispheres . 542-2.11.10-2 Bevels on Window Edges Flanged Hemispherical Win

26、dow, SphericalSector Window With Square Edge, External Pressure and InternalPressure of Cylindrical Windows 552-2.14.11-1 Dimensional Tolerances for Penetrations in Acrylic Windows . 592-2.14.15-1 Dimensional Tolerances for Inserts in Acrylic Windows . 622-2.14.16-1 Typical Shapes of Inserts 632-2.1

27、4.22-1 Seal Configurations for Inserts in Acrylic Windows . 642-2.14.24-1 Restraints for Inserts in Acrylic Windows 664-9.14.2-1 Flow Diagram of Apparatus for Measuring the Concentration ofHydrocarbons in a Stream of Air or Other Gas After It Has PassedThroughaTestHose 97Tables1-10-1 Conversion Fact

28、or, Fp (For PVHO Occupation Exceeding 8 hr) 152-2.3.1-1 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Flat Disk Windows . 222-2.3.1-2 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Conical Frustum Windows and DoubleBeveled Disk Windows 232-2.3.1-3 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With ConicalEdge, Hyperhemi

29、spherical Windows With Conical Edge, and NEMOType Windows With Conical Edge . 232-2.3.1-4 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With SquareEdge and Hemispherical Windows With Equatorial Flange . 242-2.3.1-5 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Cylindrical Windows . 242-2.3.2-1 Conical Fr

30、ustum Windows for Design Pressures in Excess of 10,000 psi(69 MPa) 252-2.14.13-1 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Polycarbonate Plastic 612-2.14.13-2 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Cast Nylon Plastic 612-3.4-1 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Each Lot 672-3.4-2 Spe

31、cified Values of Physical Properties for Each Casting 692-4.5-1 Annealing Schedule for Acrylic Windows 734-2.1.1-1 Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Seamless Pipe and Tube MaterialsNot Listed in Nonmandatory Appendix A of ASME B31.1 . 864-7.1-1 Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pre

32、ssure Weldsin Piping Systems for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy 914-9.14.2-1 Maximum Allowable Concentration of Hydrocarbons in Air PassingThrough Hose 97FormsGR-1 Manufacturers Data Report for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy 4GR-1S Manufacturers Data Report Supplementary Sheet 5VP-1 Fabr

33、ication Certification for Acrylic Windows 17VP-2 Acrylic Window Design Certification 58VP-3 Material Manufacturers Certification for Acrylic . 68VP-4 Material Testing Certification for Acrylic . 70VP-5 Pressure Testing Certification 77VP-6 Acrylic Window Repair Certification . 80vMandatory Appendice

34、sI Reference Codes, Standards, and Specifications . 113II Definitions 115Nonmandatory AppendicesA Design of Supports and Lifting Attachments . 120B Recommendations for the Design of Through-Pressure BoundaryPenetrations 121C Recommended Practices for Color Coding and Labeling 124D Guidelines for the

35、 Submission of a PVHO Case for the Use ofNonstandard Designs, Materials, and Construction . 125E Useful References . 131viFOREWORDEarly in 1971, an ad hoc committee was formed by action of the ASME Codes and StandardsPolicy Board to develop design rules for pressure vessels for human occupancy. The

36、importanceof this task was soon recognized, and the ASME Safety Code Committee on Pressure Vessels forHuman Occupancy (PVHO) was established in 1974 to continue the work of the ad hoc committee.Initially, this committee was to confine its activity to the pressure boundary of such systems. Itwas to r

37、eference existing ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) sections, insofar aspracticable, adapting them for application to pressure vessels for human occupancy. The commonpractice hitherto has been to design such chambers in accordance with Section VIII, Division 1,of the ASME BPVC; however, a

38、number of important considerations were not covered in thoserules. Among these were requirements for viewports and the in-service use of pressure reliefvalves, and special material toughness requirements. This Standard provides the necessary rulesto supplement that section, and also Section VIII, Di

39、vision 2, of the BPVC. The user is expectedto be familiar with the principles and application of the Code sections.BPVC criteria furnish the baseline for design. In PVHO-1, design temperature is limited to 0F(18C) to 150F (66C). Supporting structure and lifting loads are given special attention. Cer

40、taindesign details permitted by Section VIII are excluded. A major addition is the inclusion ofdesign rules for acrylic viewports (Section 2). The formulation of rules for these vital and criticalappurtenances was one of the reasons for establishing the PVHO Committee. Finally, all chambersdesigned

41、for external pressure are required to be subjected to an external pressure hydrostatictest or pneumatic test.The 2007 edition was completely rewritten and reformatted from the 2002 edition. Section 1,General Requirements, is intended to be used for all PVHOs, regardless of use. The rules forexternal

42、 pressure design were expanded to include unstiffened and ring-stiffened cylinders, inaddition to spheres. Other additions included were the addition of sections pertaining to applica-tion-specific PVHOs. Sections were included for medical hyperbaric systems, diving systems,submersibles, and quality

43、 assurance. The piping section was expanded. Where possible,Mandatory Appendices were incorporated into the body of the document. All forms were revisedto reflect the document (PVHO-1), an abbreviation denoting the corresponding section (e.g.,General Requirements is GR), and the form number within t

44、hat Section. An example isPVHO-1 Form GR-1.The 2012 edition includes additional expansions made to the General Requirements, Viewports,and Diving Systems sections. There is still important work being accomplished by theSubcommittees in areas of PVHOs utilizing nonstandard materials, including nonmet

45、allic PVHOs.A companion document (PVHO-2) that covers in-service guidelines for PVHOs has beenpublished.The 2012 edition was approved and adopted by the American National Standards Institute asmeeting the criteria as an American National Standard on January 13, 2012. Previous editionswere published

46、in 1977, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1993, 1997, 2002, and 2007.viiASME PRESSURE VESSELSFOR HUMAN OCCUPANCY COMMITTEE(The following is the roster of the Committee as of June 13, 2011.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSG. K. Wolfe, ChairS. D. Reimers, Vice ChairG. E. Moino, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELM. W

47、. Allen, Life Support Tech Group, Inc.W. F. Crowley, Jr., Cal Dive InternationalW. Davison, Oxyheal Health GroupE. G. Fink, Fink Engineering Ltd.M. A. Frey, Naval Sea Systems CommandT. R. Galloway, Naval Sea Systems CommandL. J. Goland, Southwest Research InstituteG. P. Jacob, Navy Experimental Divi

48、ng UnitC. B. Kemper III, Kemper EngineeringJ. D. Lawrence, U.S. Coast GuardP. A. Lewis, Hyperbaric Technologies, Inc.J. R. Maison, Adaptive Computer TechnologyT. T. Marohl, Veolia ES Special ServicesG. E. Moino, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersH. Pauli, Germanischer Lloyd AGSUBCOMMITTEE

49、ON DESIGN AND PIPINGT. C. Schmidt, Chair, Lockheed Martin Naval Systems ServicesS. D. Reimers, Vice Chair, Reimers Systems, Inc.M. W. Allen, Life Support Tech Group, Inc.W. F. Crowley, Jr., Cal Dive InternationalW. Davison, Oxyheal Health GroupP. Fo r te , Woods Hole OceanographicM. A. Frey, Naval Sea Systems CommandT. R. Galloway, Naval Sea Systems CommandR. M. Webb, Alternate, Naval Sea Systems CommandC. Gaumond, Hemato MaxL. J. Goland, Southwest Research InstituteB. K. Miller, Alternate, Southwest Research InstituteG. P. Jacob, Navy Experimental Divi