ARMY MIL-HDBK-705 C-1987 GENERATOR SETS ELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION METHODS《测量电气发电机组和仪器仪表的方法》.pdf

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1、MIL-HDBK-705C 61 M 7777770 0005807 7 M MILITARY HANDBOOK GENERATOR SETS, ELECTRICAL, MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION METHODS J 9 May .1.9 8 7,- SUPERSEDING MIL-HDBK-705B 26 June 1972 FSC 6115 AMSC N/A DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS DOCUMENT CONT

2、AINS I $q PAGES. -. Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-705C 61 4770 O005808 O M DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301 MIL-HDBK-705 C Generator Sets, Electrical, Measurement and Instrumentation Methods 1. This Military

3、Handbook was developed by the US Army Troop Support Command - Belvoir Research Development and Engineering Center in accordance with MIL-STD-962 and is approved for the use of all Departments and Agencies of the U.S. Government. 2. This publication, revision “C“, was approved on 29 May 1987, for pri

4、nting and inclusion in the military handbook series. 3. This document provides basic and fundamental information on measurement and instrumentation methods for evaluation of electrical power generators, generator sets and related items when these items are tested in accordance with MIL-STD-705 and s

5、imilar test methods. 4. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Engineering Center, ATTN: self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end

6、 of Chis document, or by letter. US Army Troop Support Command - Belvoir Research Development and STRBE-DS, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5606, by using the ii Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-705C FOREWORD 1. This handbook is int

7、ended to explain and establish conventions for terminology, instrumentation, methods of measurement and accepted procedures associated with the testing and evaluation of electric generators, generator sets, and related items. It is to be used in conjunction with MIL-STD-705 to determine capabilities

8、, conditions and compliance with the requirements of procurement documents. requirements for general use instruments, measurements and instrumentation, while the many specific methods of test are established in MIL-STD-705, Generator Sets, Engine-Driven, Test Methods and instructions. 2. Some test i

9、nstruments illustrated herein are no longer being manufactured and their functions have been superseded by newer types of instruments; the older types, however, are still being used in some areas and are still acceptable; therefore, their inclusion in this handbook will be continued until such time

10、as their removal will be in the Governments best interest. 3. Because this handbook is closely allied to MIL-STD-705, references from one to the other are freely used particularly from MIL-STD-705 to this document. Inspectors and testers will find need for both the handbook and standard when working

11、 with electrical power generation equipment. 4. covering engine-driven electric generators and other similar types of electric machinery, military personnel will find this handbook especially helpful as a convenient source of general information on electrical instruments and their proper use. This t

12、echnology has been documented from experience by government and industry engineers and technicians with the manufacturing, procurement and testing of electrical power generation equipment. The methods herein contain preparatory procedures and basic detailed Due to the complexity of specified require

13、ments in procurement documents i ii Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-705C bli M 7477770 00058liO 7 M MIL-HDBK-705C CONTENTS PARA . REVISION STATUS OF METHODS . LIST OF FIGURES (NUMERIC ORDER) CROSS INDEX - SUBJECTS-TO-FIGUR

14、ES 1 . SCOPE 1.1 COVERAGE o.o.o.o*oo*.ooooooooooooooo.o*oooo*ooooooo.o 1.2 NUMBERING SYSTEM . 1.2.1 METHOD NUMBERS . 102.2 DECIMAL SYSTEM . 2 . REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . 3 . DEFINITIONS 40 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . 5 . DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 5.1 INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS 100 SERIES Method No . 101.1 . 1

15、02.1 . 103.1 . 104.1 . 105.1 . 106.1 . 107.1 . 108.1 . 109.1 . 110.1 . 111.1 . 112.1 . 114.1 . 114.2 114.3 . 115.1 . 116.1 . 117.1 . Method Measurement of Potential . Measurement of Current . Measurement of Power . Measurement of Frequency . Measurement of Resistance Measurements of Transients and W

16、aveforms . Measurement of Power Factor Measurement of Time Measurement of Temperature . Measurement of Pressure Measurement of Speed . Measurement of Weight and Force Temperature Control (Hot Rooms) Temperature Control (Cold Rooms) . Temperature Control (Altitude Chambers) Measurement of Sound Level

17、 . Detemination of Phase Rotation Determination of Phase Relationship 5.2 INSTRUMENTATION METHODS . 200 SERIES . Method No . Method 201.1 . Electrical Instruments: Care Inspection. Use. and 202.1 - Thermal Instrumentation Required Accuracy PAGE vi Vii xi 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 8 8 8 9 23 32 35 40 50 59 65 69

18、 74 81 82 85 87 90 92 94 97 98 99 102 a iv -.-. -e= Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-L MIL-HDBK-705C bL 7799970 0005Ll O I MIL-HDBK-705C 203.1 - Data Sheets and Record Entries . 108 205.1 - General Instructions for Connecting Testin

19、g Instruments 110 220.1 - Engine Pressure Measurements . 165 220.2 - Compression Ignition Engine Data . 166 221.1 - Temperature Corrections to Resistance Measurements . 170 222.1 - Starting“ Tests 171 Pressure and Temperature Corrections to Spark and Battery Servicing and Conditioning Prior to “Cold

20、 V Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-Method No. MIL-HDBK-705C bL 9999970 0005832 2 MIL-HDBK-70% REVISION STATUS OF METHODS 101.1 - - - - - - 102.1 - - - - “ - 103.1 - - - - - - 104.1 - - - - - - 105.1 - - - - - - 106.1 - - - - - - 10

21、7.1 - - - - - 108.1 - - - - - - 109.1 - - - - - - 110.1 - 111.1 “ - - - - - 112.1 - - - - - - 114.1 - - - - - - 114.2 - - - - - - 114.3 - - - - - - 116.1 - - - - - - 117.1 - - - - - - 201.1 - 202.1 - - - - - - 203.1 - - - - - - 205.1 - - - - - - 220.1 - - - - - - 220.2 - - - - - - 221.1 - - - - - -

22、222.1 - - - - - - 115.1 - - - - Revision Date b b b b b b b b b b b b b a a a b b b b b b b b a a vi Replaced by (if Method deleted) Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-705C 61 9 7777770 0005833 Y 101 . 1-1 101 . 1-2 101 1-3 1

23、01 . 1-3.1 101 . 1-3.2 101 . 1-4 101.1-5 101.1-4,l 102.1-1 102.1-2 102.1-3 102.1-3.1 102.1-4 103.1-1 103.1-1.1 104 . 1-1 104.1-2 104 . 1-3 104.1-3.1 105.1-1 105.1-2 105.1-3- 105.1-4 105.1-5 106.1-1 106.1-2 106.1-2.1 106 . 1-3 106.1-4 107.1-1 107.1-1.1 107.1-2 108.1-1 108.1-2 MIL-HDBK-705C FIGURES Re

24、presentative types of dc Voltmeters Series resistance multiplier . Representative types of ac Voltmeters Representative types of ac Voltmeters Representative types of ac voltmeters Acceptable type of recording voltmeter Acceptable type of recording voltmeter Potential transformer . . Acceptable type

25、 of self-contained dc ammeter . d ammeter with rotary shunt Representative ac ammeters . Representative ac ammeters . . ac ammeter used in conjunction with current transformer Acceptable types of wattmeters . Representative types of wattmeters . Representative meters for measurement of frequency . R

26、epresentative meters for measurement of frequency . Acceptable type of recording frequency meter . Acceptable type of recording frequency meter . Kelvin bridge for measuring low resistance . Drop-in potential test connections . Comparison method test connections . Wheatstone bridge for measuring res

27、istances Typical oscilloscope . Typical oscillograph . Transient waveform recorder Acceptable types of megohm meters Typical oscillograph . Typical harmonic analyzer . Power factor meters Power factor meters Phase angle meter Sample oscillogram showing median line . Typical oscillograph . vii 9 10 1

28、1 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 29 30 31 32 38 39 40 41 42 47 48 49 50 51 55 56 57 60 61 Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- MIL-HDBK-705C bL 7797770 0005LLf b MIL-HDBK-705C FIGURES (continued) PAGE 109 . 1-1 Representative type

29、 of speed and revolution counter . 71 109.1-1.1 Representative type of speed and revolution counter . 72 109 . 1-2 Representative hand-type tachometers 73 110 . 1-1 Various types of thermocouples 79 110.1-2 Multiple-sensor automatic data-logging system . 80 112.1-1 Representative types of manometers

30、 84 114.1-1 Layout for typical hot room . 86 114.2-1 Schematic diagram of controlled low temperature chamber 89 115 1-1 Sound level meter . 93 116.1-1 Portable phase rotation indicators 95 . 116.1-2 Makeshift phase rotation indicator 96 201 1-1 (Figure deleted. blank page maintained) . 101 202 1-1 I

31、mmersed and exposed thermometers . 105 202 e 1-2 Thermometer placement for measuring ambient air temperature while testing two generator sets 106 202 1-3 Thermometers or thermocouples locations for measuring temperature of electrolyte in 6 12- and 24-volt batteries . 107 205 e 1-1 Self-contained ac

32、voltmeter 118 205 o 1-2 ac voltmeter with potential transformer . 119 205 1-3 ac voltmeter with multiplier 120 205 1-4 Schematic diagram of voltmeter with selector switch for line-to-line voltage measurements 121 205 1-5 Potential se1ecto.r switch . 122 205 . 1-6 205 1-7 205 1-8 205 1-9 205 1-10 205

33、 1-1 1 205.1-12 205 1-13 205 1-14 205 1-15 Recording instrument with electric drive 123 Self-contained dc voltmeter . 124 Self-contained ac ammeter with protective switch 125 ac ameter with current transformer using taps 126 ac ammeter with current transformer using wrapped turns . 127 Ammeter trans

34、fer switch . 128 ac ammeter with current transformers and selector switch 129 Self-contained dc ammeter . 130 dc ammeter with shunt . 131 Single-phase wattmeter 132 viii c t Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-705C bL W 777777

35、0 0005835 8 m MIL-HDBK-705C FIGURES (continued) 205.1-16 205.1-17 205.1-18 205.1-19 205.1-20 205.1-21 205.1-22 205.1-23 205.1-24 205.1-25 205.1-26 205.1-27 205 1-28 205.1-29 205.1-30 205.1-31 205.1-32 205.1-33 205.1-34 205.1-35 205.1-36 205.1-37 205.1-38 PAGE Single-phase wattmeter with potential tr

36、ansformer 133 Single-phase wattmeter with current transformer 134 Single-phase wattmeter with potential and current transformer .* 135 Single-phase wattmeter with wye box on three-phase, three-wire balanced system . 136 Single-phase wattmeter on three-phase, three-wire balanced system using two curr

37、ent transformers . 137 Two single-phase wattmeters on three-phase, three-wire system 133 Two-element, polyphase wattmeter on three-phase, three-wire system .* 139 Two-element, polyphase wattmeter on balanced three-phase, four-wire system . Two element, polyphase wattmeter with potential transformers

38、 on balanced three-phase, four-wire system . Two element, polyphase wattmeter with current transformers on balanced three-phase, four-wire system . Two element, polyphase wattmeter with both current and potential transformers on balanced three-phase, four- wire system Three wattmeters used on unbala

39、nced three-phase, four- wire system Polyphase wattmeter used on single-phase system Polyphase wattmeter with current and potential transformers used as a single phase instrument . Single-phase power factor meter Single-phase power factor meter with current and potential transformers . Three-phase po

40、wer factor meter . Three-phase power factor meter with potential transformers . Three-phase power factor meter with current transformer. Three-phase power factor meters with current and potential transformers . Single-element wattmeter used as a varmeter on three- phase balanced circuit . Polyphase

41、varmeter circuit . Frequency meter iX 140 14 1 142 14 3 14 4 145 146 14 7 14 8 149 150 151 15 2 15 3 154 15 5 Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-205 e 1-39 205 . 1-40 205 . 1-41 205 . 1-42 205 0 1-43 205.1-44 205 a 1-45 205 . 1-46 205

42、.1-47 220 . 2-1 MIL-HDBK-705C bL 9999970 000581b T W MIL-HDBK-705C FIGURES ( con t hued PAGE Frequency meter with potential transformer . 156 Recording frequency meter 157 Load instrumentation for three-wire dc generator set . 159 Load instrumentation for single-phase, two-wire ac generator set I60

43、Load instrumentation for two-wire dc generator set . 158 Load instrumentation for single-phase, three-wire ac generator set . 161 Load instrumentation for three-phase, three-wire ac generator set . 162 Load instrumentation for three-phase, four-wire ac generator set 163 Load instrumentation for shor

44、t circuit currents 164 Sling Psychrometer . 169 X -. Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-705C bL 9777770 0005817 L MIL-HDBK-705C CROSS-INDEX: SUBJECT-TO-FIGURES SUBJECT OR KEYWORDS Ammeter. ac Ammeter. ac. used/w current trans

45、former Ammeter. dc. self-contained Ammeter. dc Ammeter. dc. with rotary shunt . Ammeter. dc. with shunt Analyzer. harmonic . Automatic data-logging system. multiple sensor . Bridge. kelvin . Bridge. Wheatstone . Connections. test. comparison method . Connections. test. drop-in potential . Counter. r

46、evolution and speed Counter. speed and revolution Current transformer. use with ac ammeter . Current transformer. use with power factor meter Current transformer. used with wattmeter Data-logging system automatic. multiple sensor . Frequency meter Generator set. ac. sing1e.phase. two.wire. load inst

47、rumentation Generator set. ac. single.phase. three.wire. load instrumentation Generator set. ac. three.phase. three.wire. load instrumentation PAGES FIGURES ARE ON 21. 22. 23. 114. 116. 118 23 19. 20. 119. 120 19. 119 20 20. 120 50 73 38 41 40 39 64-66 64-66 23 135. 137. 140 123. 124. 130. 133. 135

48、73 29. 144. 145. 146 149 150 151 xi Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-705C bl 9999970 0005818 3 MIL-HDBK-705C CROSS-INDEX: SUBJECT-TO-FIGURES (continued) SUBJECT OR KEYWORDS PAGES FIGURES ARE OW Generator set, ac, three-phas

49、e, four-wire, load instrumentation 163 Generator set, dc, two-wire, load instrumentation Generator set, dc, three-wire, load instrumentation Harmonic analyzer Hot room typical layout for Humidity measuring instrument Indicator, phase rotation 158 159 57 86 169 95, 96 45 Kelvin bridge Line-to-line voltage measurements, voltmet