ANSI INCITS 124-1985 Information Systems - Computer Graphics - Graphical Kernel System (GKS) Functional Description.pdf
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1、for Information Systems - Computer Graphics - Graphical Kernel System (GKS Functional Description I ANSIINCITS 124-1985 (R2002) (includes ANSI INCITS 124.1-1985 formerly ANSI X3.124.1-1985) Developed by Where IT all begins ANSI X3.124- 1985 (incldS ANSI X3.124.1-1985) American National Standard for
2、Information Systems - Computer Graphics - Graphical Kernel System (GKS) Functional Descript ion Secretariat Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association Approved June 24, 1985 American National Standards Institute, I nc Abstract The graphical kernel system (GKS) is a set of basic functi
3、ons for computer graphics program- ming useable by many graphics producing applications. This standard (1) allows graphics appli- cation programs to be easily transported between installations, (2) aids graphics applications programmers in understanding and using graphics methods, and (3) guides dev
4、ice manufacturers on useful graphics capabilities. This standard defines an application level programming interface to a graphics system. Hence, it contains functions for (1) outputting graphical primitives, (2) controlling the appearance of graphical primitives with attributes, (3) controlling grap
5、hical workstations, (4) controlling trans- formations and coordinate systems, (5) generating and controlling groups of primitives called segments, (6) obtaining graphical input, (7) manipulating groups of device-independent instruc- tions called metafiles, (8) inquiring the capabilities and states o
6、f the graphics system, and (9) handling errors. Twelve upwardly compatible levels of conformance are defined, addressing the most common classes of equipment and applications. Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and othe
7、r criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority,
8、but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved
9、 the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. M
10、oreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this stand
11、ard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive cu
12、rrent information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. American National Published by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright O1 985 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) All rights reserved
13、. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America (This Foreword is not part of American National Standard X3.124-1985
14、.) Foreword This American National Standard provides a set of basic functions for computer graphics programming These functions taken as a whole are called the graphical kernel system (GKS) The design of this standard is based on the work of many groups. Much of the early design methodology was deve
15、loped at the Wcrkshop on Graphics Standards Meth- odology held in May 1976 in Seillac, France, under IFIP WG5.2 sponsorship. GKS itself was originally developed by Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN), the West German standardization institute, in 1978 and was subsequently refined extensively betwee
16、n 1980 and 1982 by Working Group 2 of the Subcommittee on Programming Languages of the Technical Committee on Information Processing of the International Organization for Standardization (IS0 TC 97/SC5/WG2). The resulting International Standard (Informa- tion Processing - Computer Graphics - Graphic
17、al Kernel System (GKS) Functional Description, IS0 7942-1985) was the basis for this American National Standard. The de- velopment of the GKS was heavily influenced by the work of the Graphic Standards Planning Committee of the Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics of the Associa- tion for Com
18、puting Machinery (ACM SIGGRAPH GSPC). This work, known as the Core System Proposal, was published and widely distributed in 1977 and again (in a revised version) in 1979. This American National Standard on GKS is identical to IS0 7942-1985 (GKS) in almost all areas. All functional capabilities of IS
19、0 GKS are found in the ANSI GKS . The ANSI GKS does, however, differ in the following ways. (1) A new minimal output level (denoted m) is defined. (2) A new section defining a conforming program and a conforming implementation replaces a more restrictive conformance statement found in the body of th
20、e IS0 GKS standard document (3) Several of the Annexes in the IS0 GKS document have been modified. Also, the word ?Annex? has been changed to ?Appendix.? (4) The default for ASFs is INDIVIDUAL. (5) The data records for INPUT have been defined. Appendix G contains a detailed list of all the differenc
21、es betwen ANSI X3.124-1985 and IS0 7942-1 985. This standard is supplemented by a derivative standard, American National Standard for Information Systems - Computer Graphics - Graphical Kernel System (GKS) FORTRAN Binding, ANSI X3.124.1-1985 ANSI X3.124-1985 corresponds to IS0 7942-1985 in that it r
22、epresents the functional aspects of GKS. ANSI X3 124.1-1985 contains specifica- tions not present in this standard, namely, the syntax for using GKS functions and data types from American National Standard Programming Language FORTRAN, ANSI X3.9- 1978, colloquially known as FORTRAN ?77 Three additio
23、nal language bindings of GKS are under development by Technical Committee X3H3. Pascal, Ada, and C. These stan- dards, when approved by X3 and ANSI, will be published as ANSI X3.124.2, X3.124 3, and X3.124.4, respectively. Internationally, these language bindings of GKS will be pub- lished as parts
24、of a multipart IS0 standard, currently known as ISO/DP 8651-1984. This standard was developed by Technical Committee X3H3 of Accredited Standards Committee X3 under two projects authorized by X3; namely, project 268D and project 362D. More specifically, GKS, as a whole, meets the goals of project 26
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