ANSI ASTM F2040-2011 Standard Specification for Helmets Used for Recreational Snow Sports《雪上娱乐运动用头盔的规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2040 11 An American National StandardStandard Specification forHelmets Used for Recreational Snow Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2040; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification defines performance requirements forhelmets used in nonmotorized recreational snow sports (

3、suchas skiing, snowboarding, and other alpine sports). This speci-fication is a performance standard and is not intended to restrictdesign. Although a helmet that meets this specification willhelp reduce the risk of some types of injuries to the head atslower speeds, the protection is limited. The u

4、ser is responsiblefor participating in the sport within his/her abilities and thenature of the snow conditions which may vary widely. Com-pliance with the common sense rules of the sports safety,including any applicable responsibility codes, is essential tohelp reduce the risk of personal injury.1.2

5、 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where notedherein.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the product meets all of the requir

6、ements ofthe specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet anyone of the requirements of this specification is considered tohave failed the standard and should not be sold with anyindication that it meets parts of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1446 Test Metho

7、ds for Equipment and Procedures Used inEvaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear3. Headforms3.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are asspecified in the section on Test Headforms of Test MethodsF1446. The appropriate size headform shall be selected inaccordance with t

8、he section on Headform Size Selection ofTest Methods F1446 for the helmet to be tested.4. Anvils and Impact Velocities4.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specificationare described as follows:4.1.1 Flat Anvil, as described in the section on Apparatus ofTest Methods F1446.4.1.2 Hemispheric

9、al Anvil, as described in the section onApparatus of Test Methods F1446.4.1.3 Edge Anvil, constructed of solid steel in accordancewith Fig. 1.4.2 Impact Velocities:4.2.1 Impacts upon the flat anvil shall achieve a velocity of6.2 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 2.0 m).4.2.2 Impacts

10、 upon the hemispherical anvil shall achieve avelocity of 4.8 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical drop heightof 1.2 m).4.2.3 Impacts upon the edge anvil shall achieve a velocity of4.5 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.0 m).4.2.4 The impact velocity shall be measured during the last

11、40 mm of free-fall for each test and shall be within 3 % of thevelocities specified in 4.2.1, 4.2.2, and 4.2.3.5. Marking the Test Line5.1 The test line is shown in Fig. 2 and shall be marked inaccordance with Test Methods F1446.6. Conditioning and Number of Samples6.1 Four sample helmets are requir

12、ed for each shell/linersize combination.6.2 Conditioning of the samples to be tested is described inthe section on Conditioning Environment of Test MethodsF1446, but differs as follows:6.2.1 Low TemperatureThe low temperature shall be -22to -28C.6.2.2 High TemperatureThe high temperature shall be 32

13、to 38C.7. Impact Sites7.1 Centers of impact can be located anywhere on or abovethe test line with the anvils aligned in any orientation.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommit

14、tee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2040 06. DOI:10.1520/F2040-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at

15、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

16、United States17.2 The theoretical center3of each impact site shall beseparated from the theoretical center of other impact sites by aminimum of 120 mm.8. Impacting Schedule8.1 All impacting shall be performed in accordance with thesection on Impact Attenuation of Test Methods F1446.8.2 Two of the fo

17、ur impact sites (as described in the sectionon Impact Attenuation of Test Methods F1446) will use the flatanvil.8.3 One impact site will use the hemispherical anvil.8.4 One impact site will use the edge anvil.8.5 The impact sites and anvils can be selected in anysequence.9. Peak Acceleration Require

18、ments9.1 The peak acceleration (g max) of the impulse during theimpact shall be measured with equipment described in thesection on Apparatus of Test Methods F1446.9.2 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not exceed300 g.10. Retention System Testing10.1 The Dynamic Strength Retention Test shall

19、be com-pleted in accordance with Test Methods F1446 prior to impacttesting.10.2 Dynamic Strength Retention Test The hot, cold, andwet helmets shall be subjected to the Dynamic StrengthRetention Test. Place the helmet on the appropriate sizeheadform on the test device described in the section onAppar

20、atus of Test Methods F1446.10.2.1 Place the twin bar (jaw) system with rod and dropweight attached within the fastened retention system.10.2.2 Mark the position of the twin bar with preload anddrop weights in position.10.2.3 Drop a 4-kg sliding weight a distance of 0.6 m.10.2.4 The retention system

21、shall remain intact withoutelongating more than 30 mm.10.3 The ambient helmet shall be subjected to the positionalstability (roll-off) test in accordance with Test Methods F1446usinga4kgdrop mass from a height of 0.6 m.10.3.1 The retention system shall remain intact and thehelmet shall remain on the

22、 headform.11. Labels and Warnings11.1 In addition to the labeling requirements of Test Meth-ods F1446, the helmet shall have the words “for use innonmotorized recreational snow sports (such as skiing,snowboarding, and other alpine sports)” inscribed on one of theinterior permanent labels.12. Keyword

23、s12.1 helmet; protective headgear; skiing; snowboarding3The theoretical center of impact is the point of intersection of the Z-axis and theouter surface or projected surface of the helmet at x =0,y = 0 (see X1.1 of TestMethods F1446).FIG. 1 Edge AnvilF2040 112SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F08 has iden

24、tified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F2040 06)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2011.)(1) Changed sequence of sections.FIG. 2 Marking the Test LineF2040 113ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent

25、rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at

26、any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments

27、 will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by

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