ANSI ASME B5.57-2012 Methods for Performance Evaluation of Computer Numerically Controlled Lathes and Turning Centers《计算机数控车床和车削机的性能评价方法》.pdf

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1、Methods for Performance Evaluation of Computer Numerically Controlled Lathes and Turning CentersAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B5.57-2012Revision of ASME B5.57-1998 (R2006)ASME B5.57-2012Methods forPerformanceEvaluation ofComputer NumericallyControlled Lathes andTurning CentersAN AMERICAN NATIONA

2、L STANDARDRevision of ASME B5.57-1998 (R2006)Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: May 3, 2013This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no written inter-pretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this editon.

3、Periodically, certain actions of the ASME B5 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages to provide cor

4、rec-tions to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available to automatically receive an e-mail notification w

5、hen errata are posted to a particular code or standard. This option can be found on the appro-priate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “Publication Information” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed u

6、nder procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made

7、 available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any positio

8、n with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or s

9、tandard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government

10、 or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reprodu

11、ced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.ii

12、iCONTENTSForeword viCommittee Roster viiCorrespondence With the B5 Committee viii1 Scope 12 References . 173 Nomenclature 174 Definitions . 205 Environmental Specifications 336 Environmental Tests . 357 Machine Performance . 438 Machine Performance (Additional) . 889 Test Equipment and Instrumentati

13、on . 102Figures4-1 The Six Basic Error Motions of an Axis of Rotation 214-2 Error Motion Polar Plot Showing a Polar Chart Center, a Least-Squares-Circle Center, and Error Motion Values About These Centers 244-3 An Example of a Structural Loop Showing a Workpiece, Spindle, Machine Bed, and Tool 316.2

14、.1.4-1 Setup Showing Two Displacement Sensors Used to Measure the Environmental Temperature Variation Error (ETVE) Between a Nominal Tool Location and a Work Spindle . 366.2.1.4-2 Setup Showing Three Displacement Sensors Used to Measure the Environmental Temperature Variation Error (ETVE) Between a

15、Nominal Tool Location and a Work Spindle . 386.2.1.4-3 Graph of Environmental Temperature Variation Error (ETVE) Data 396.2.1.6-1 Setup Showing Five Displacement Sensors Used to Measure the Environmental Temperature Variation Error (ETVE) 397.2.3-1 Typical Setup for a Laser Interferometer 457.2.7-1

16、The Full Data Set for the Positioning Deviations of an Axis . 487.2.7-2 Positioning Deviations of an Axis, Forward Direction Only 497.2.8-1 Periodic Error of a Linear Axis (Unidirectional) . 507.3.1.1-1 Setup for Measuring Straightness Using an Electronic Indicator and a Mechanical Straightedge 517.

17、3.1.2-1 Test Setup for Measuring Straightness Using a Taut Wire 527.3.1.3-1 Test Setup for Measuring Straightness Using an Alignment Laser 537.3.1.4-1 Typical Straightness Interferometer 537.3.2-1 Typical Plot Showing Straightness Data With the Straightness for a Particular Axis Clearly Labeled . 54

18、7.4.1-1 Typical Setup for Measuring the Angular Error Motion (Yaw) of the Cross-Slide on a Group 1 Machine . 557.5.2-1 Schematic for the Measurement of Angular Positioning Using an Indexing Table and a Laser Interferometer . 567.5.2-2 Setup for Adjusting the Alignment of an Indexing Table and a Lase

19、r Angle Interferometer 567.5.4-1 A Polygon Mounted to a Spindle Axis . 587.5.5-1 Typical Setup for Measuring the Angular Positioning Accuracy of a Rotary Axis Using an Angular Encoder . 59iv7.5.8.2-1 Typical Setup for Periodic Angular Error Measurement Using Mechanical Means 607.6.3-1 Test Setups fo

20、r Measuring Spindle Error Motions in the Case of Fixed Sensitive Direction . 627.6.4-1 Test Setup for Measuring Spindle Error Motions in the Case of Rotating Sensitive Direction . 647.6.4-2 Spindle Test Setup With an Eccentric Ball 657.7.2.1-1 Sensor Data From a Typical Spindle Thermal Warm-Up Test.

21、 677.7.2.1-2 Tilts of the Axis Average Line, Spindle Warm-Up Test 687.7.3.1-1 Path for Measuring Thermal Distortion Caused by Moving Linear Axes 697.7.3.2-1 Position Error Versus Time for a Typical Test for Thermal Distortion Caused by a Moving Linear Axis . 707.7.4.1-1 Typical Results From a Compos

22、ite Thermal Error Test . 727.8.2.1-1 Setup for Measuring Squareness of the Cross-Slide to the Work Spindle Using a Mechanical Straightedge 747.8.2.1-2 Schematic Showing the Angles Involved When Measuring Cross-Slide Squareness to the Spindle Axis . 747.8.2.1-3 Typical Data From a Cross-Slide Out-of-

23、Squareness Measurement 757.8.2.2-1 Two Views of the Cylinder Used for Measuring Machine Out-of-Squareness and Parallelism. 767.8.2.2-2 Part-Trace Test Past Centers to Determine Cross-Slide Squareness With the Spindle Axis . 777.8.2.2-3 Typical Data From a Cross-Slide Out-of-Squareness Measurement by

24、 Part Tracing Past Center . 777.8.2.3-1 Cylinder Reversal for Cross-Slide Squareness 787.8.3.1-1 Setup for Straightedge Rotation on a Vertical Spindle Lathe for Measuring Z-Axis Parallelism to the C-Axis 787.8.3.1-2 Setup for Straightedge Rotation on a Horizontal Spindle Lathe for Measuring Z-Axis P

25、arallelism to the C-Axis 797.8.3.2-1 Z-Slide Parallelism Schematic Showing the Test Cylinder 797.8.3.2-2 Typical Data From a Parallelism Measurement Using the Turned Cylinder Method . 807.8.4-1 Dual Straightness Measurement for Parallelism . 817.8.4-2 Graphing of Both Straightness Measurements for T

26、wice the Angle of Parallelism . 817.8.4-3 Setup for Measuring Long-Range Parallelism of the Z-Axis in the Case of a Vertically Traversing Axis . 827.9.2-1 Typical Setup for a 360-deg Ball Bar Test . 847.9.2-2 Typical Results From a 360-deg Ball Bar Test 847.9.3-1 The Ball Bar Setup for the 190-deg T

27、est on a Lathe 857.9.3-2 Typical Results From a 190-deg Ball Bar Test on a Lathe . 857.9.4-1 Typical Ball Bar Setup for a 100-deg Test . 867.9.4-2 Typical Results of a 100-deg Ball Bar Test 877.10.2-1 A Typical Plot of the Power Loss in the Spindle Idle Run Loss Test 888.2-1 Illustration of Angulari

28、ty and Offset Between Two Axes of Rotation . 898.2.1-1 Typical Setup for the Rim-and-Face Test 908.2.1-2 Setup for Measuring the Sag of a Pair of Indicators . 908.2.2-1 Typical Setup for the Reverse Indicator Method 918.2.3-1 Rotation Axes Alignment Using an Optical Alignment Laser 928.2.4-1 Two-Sph

29、ere Setup for the Alignment of Two Rotation Axes 938.2.5-1 Schematic of the Measurement of Parallelism of the Z-Axis to the Axis of a Movable Tail Stock . 938.2.5.1-1 Setup for Measuring Tail Stock Alignment Using the In-Feed (Z) Axis 948.3.1-1 Tool Holders Used for Tool-Change Repeatability . 958.3

30、.2-1 Example Tool Holders to Be Used for Turret Repeatability 968.4.2-1 Test Part for Determining the Location of a Tool-Setting System and Tool-Setting-System Drift . 988.6.2-1 Approximate Location of Probed Points, Depending on Probe Configuration, When Measuring a Machined Test Part . 1008.6.3-1

31、Approximate Location of Probed Points, Depending on Probe Configuration, When Measuring a Test Sphere . 101vForms1 Machine Description . 22 Environmental Specifications Guidelines 43 Environmental Tests (Section 6) 64 Machine Performance (Section 7) 75 Coaxiality of Axes of Rotation (Para. 8.2) 146

32、Subsystems Repeatability (Para. 8.3) 157 CNC Performance Tests (Para. 8.5) . 168 Machine Performance as a Measuring Tool (Para. 8.6) 16Tables6.2.2.1-1 Specification Zones Derated Due to an Excessive Expanded Thermal Uncertainty . 406.3.1-1 Performance Parameters Derated Due to Excessive Environmenta

33、l Vibration . 427.2.7-1 Typical Test Results (Test for Linear Axis up to 2 m) . 477.2.7.9-1 Conversion Factors for Graphically Estimating Standard Uncertainty . 507.7.4.3-1 Typical Presentation of Results From Composite Thermal Error Tests . 727.9.5-1 Typical Results of a Ball Bar Test . 87Nonmandat

34、ory AppendicesA Guide for Using the Draft Turning Center Standard . 105B 1-Day Test for Machine Performance . 106C Thermal Environment Verification Tests 107D Seismic Vibration Verification Tests 109E Electrical Power Verification Tests 113F Machine Functional Tests . 114G Machine Leveling and Align

35、ment . 116H Compliance and Hysteresis Checks 117I Laser and Scale Corrections . 120J Drift Checks for Sensors, Including Lasers 121K The Part-Trace Test 124L Discussion of the UNDE and Thermal Uncertainty 125M Calculation of Uncertainties . 130N Sign Conventions for Error Values 134viFOREWORDThe pri

36、mary purpose of this Standard is to provide procedures for the performance evaluation of computer numerically controlled (CNC) lathes and turning centers. These procedures are used to evaluate conformance to specifications, to compare machines, to periodically reverify the suitability of production

37、machines, and to reverify performance of machines after repair or modification. Definitions, environmental requirements, and test methods are specified. This Standard defines the test methods capable of yielding adequate results for most turning centers but is not intended to supplement more complet

38、e tests that may be required for particular special applications. This Standard does not address issues of machine safety.Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be sent to The American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Attn: Secretary, B5 Standards Committee; Two Park A

39、venue; New York, NY 10016-5990. This revision was approved as an American National Standard on November 30, 2012.viiASME B5 COMMITTEEMachine Tools Components, Elements,Performance, and Equipment(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTE

40、E OFFICERSS. G. Wallace, ChairC. J. Gomez, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELJ. A. Babinsky, Contributing Member, Danaher Motion C. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersA. M. Bratkovich, Consultant D. Mancini, Edmunds GagesJ. B. Bryan, Honorary Member, Consultant J. A. Soons, Na

41、tional Institute of Standards and TechnologyH. M. Byrnes, The Babcock otherwise, a 190-deg test should be used.If neither of those tests is possible, then a 100-deg test shall be allowed.Plane: XZ 360 deg190 deg100 degNominal radius mmin.Feed rate% max 10%80% 10% 80%10% 80%mm/minin./minCircular devi

42、ation, Gclockwisemmin.Circular deviation, Gcounterclockwisemmin.Radial deviation, Fminclockwisemmin.Radial deviation, Fmincounterclockwisemmin.Radial deviation, Fmaxclockwisemmin.Radial deviation, Fmaxcounterclockwisemmin.Cutting Performance Tests (para. 7.10)Spindle Idle Run Losses (para. 7.10.2)Re

43、port for each work and tool spindle.Maximum spindle speed: rpm% of Max. Speed Lost Power, kW20406080100Compensated: yes noDate:Time:Operator:Date:Time:Operator:ASME B5.57-201214FORM 4 MACHINE PERFORMANCE (SECTION 7) (CONTD)Chatter Susceptibility and Maximum Torque Test (para. 7.10.3) Detailed specif

44、ications and procedures shall be agreed upon between the User and theSupplier and made part of the machine specification.Multifunction Cycle Test (para. 7.11)Duration of the test: minNumber of failures:Maximum time required for correction: minDate:Time:Operator:FORM 5 COAXIALITY OF AXES OF ROTATION

45、(PARA. 8.2)For each of the tests below, the User may specify the specification zones with machinecompensation on or off, or both.Select one:Rim-and-face method (para. 8.2.1)Reverse indicator method (para. 8.2.2)Optical rotary axis alignment (para. 8.2.3)Two-sphere axis alignment (para. 8.2.4)Mechani

46、cal rotary axis alignment (para. 8.2.5.1)Offset in the vertical direction, VO: mm ( in.)Offset in the horizontal direction, HO:Parallelism, angularity in the vertical direction, VA: arcsecParallelism, angularity in the horizontal direction, HA: arcsecmm ( in.)ASME B5.57-201215FORM 6 SUBSYSTEMS REPEA

47、TABILITY (PARA. 8.3)Tool-Change Repeatability (para. 8.3.1)Date:Time:Operator:ErrorDirectionTool-Change RepeatabilityShort Tool Long Toolmm in.mmin.XZTurret Repeatability (para. 8.3.2)Length from gage line for short tool:Length from gage line for long tool:Tool-Setting System Location and Repeatabil

48、ity (para. 8.4)Tool-setting X repeatability: mm ( in.)Tool-setting Z repeatability: mm ( in.) Tool-setting X location: mm ( in.)Tool-setting Z location: mm ( in.)_mm (_in. )_mm (_in. ) (100 mm is recommended.)Date:Time:Operator:Date:Time:Operator:ErrorDirectionTool-Change RepeatabilityShort Tool Lon

49、g Toolmm in.mmin.XZLength from gage line for short tool:Length from gage line for long tool:_mm (_in. )_mm (_in. ) (100 mm is recommended.)ASME B5.57-201216FORM 7 CNC PERFORMANCE TESTS (PARA. 8.5)Date:Time:Operator:Maximum steady feed rate, Vmax: mm/min ( in./min)Minimum block execution time, MBET: sFORM 8 MACHINE PERFORMANCE AS A MEASURING TOOL (PARA. 8.6)AxisFeature Location Repeatability1D 2D 3Dmm in.mmin. mm in.XYZLinear measurement accuracy in X: mm ( in.)Linear measurement accuracy in Y: mm ( in.)Linear measuremen