ANSI ASABE S639.1-2017 Safety Standard for Large Row-Crop Flail Mowers.pdf

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1、 ANSI/ASABE S639.1 SEP2017 Safety Standard for Large Row-Crop Flail Mowers American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biologi

2、cal systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resourc

3、e management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in in

4、dustry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are responsible for pr

5、otecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices

6、 and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and o

7、ther criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessa

8、rily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically t

9、o reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org S T A N D A R D ANSI/ASABE S639.1 SEP2017 Copyright Ameri

10、can Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASABE X639.1 SEP2017 Revision approved September 2017 as an American National Standard Safety Standard for Large Row-Crop Flail Mowers Developed by ASABE Harvest committee. Approved by the Machinery Systems Technical Community of ASABE. App

11、roved by ASABE and ANSI June 2016; revised September 2017 Keywords: Flail, Mower, Row crop, Safety 1 Scope This standard specifies the safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of large row-crop flail mowers with a cutting width larger than 3 m and used exclusively i

12、n agricultural field applications and which have the rear part that can be opened for these particular field use operations. These machines may be equipped with adjustable material discharge gates or deflectors located on the rear of the mower. It describes methods for the elimination or reduction o

13、f hazards arising from the intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of these machines by one person (the operator) in the course of normal operation and service. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices to be provided by the manufacturer. It is applicable onl

14、y to mowers intended to work at ground level. It is not applicable to flail mowers with less than 3 m in cutting width, and/or without the rear part that can be opened for particular field use operations, mowers with an articulated arm, pedestrian-controlled motor mowers, lawn mowers or machines spe

15、cifically designed for highway and road maintenance. 2 Normative References The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest ed

16、ition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 536:1995, Paper and board Determination of grammage ISO 789-1: 1990, Agricultural tractors Test procedures Part 1: Power tests for power take-off ISO 1974: 1990, Paper Determination of tearing resistance (Elmendorf method) ISO

17、2758: 2001, Paper Determination of bursting strength ISO 3416: 1986, Textile floor coverings Determination of thickness ANSI/ASABE AD3600:2015, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Operators manuals Content and format ISO 4254-1:2013, Agricultural machi

18、nery Safety Part 1: General requirements ISO 5718:2013, Harvesting equipment Blades for agricultural rotary mowers Requirements ANSI/ASABE S639.1 SEP2017 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agricultural and forestry,

19、powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower l

20、imbs ISO 14982:1998, Agricultural and forestry machinery Electromagnetic compatibility Test methods and acceptance criteria 3 Definitions The following definitions apply. 3.1 cutting height flail mower: distance from the ground to the active cutting edge of the cutting element when the cutting eleme

21、nt is in the lowest position of rotation 3.2 large row-crop flail mower: mower with a cutting width larger than 3 m with a multiplicity of free-swinging cutting elements that rotate about a horizontal axis, which cuts the crop by impact and mulches it with the same working elements and gathers the c

22、rop in a row or distributes the crop in the field 3.2.1 large windrowing flail mower: large row-crop flail mower that cuts the crop by impact, mulches and then windrows the cut material in a row in the field 3.2.2 large crop distributing flail mower: large row-crop flail mower that cuts the crop by

23、impact, mulches and then distributes the cut material over an area in the field wider than the width of the mower 3.3 mulching: operation intended to chop the crop and leave the material on the ground to naturally decompose 3.4 protective skirt: skirt used on the machine to provide protection from t

24、hrown objects 3.5 Kraft paper: paper produced from pure unbleached sulphate Kraft pulp with machine finished surface. NOTE 1: It is mainly used for the manufacture of paper sacks and for lining and laminating. NOTE 2: See clause 5.4.1.1 for specific details. 3.6 test: consists of two runs 3.7 run: a

25、 single pass through the thrown-object material 3.8 impact: a hole in the Kraft paper caused by a stone through which a cylindrical stick with a 6mm diameter semi-spherical end passes without noticeable effort on the hand of the operator 4 Requirements 4.1 General Guards that are to be removed as a

26、part of maintenance procedures, as described in the operators manual, shall be fixed by systems that can be removed only with tools. Where possible, these guards shall be incapable of remaining in place without their fixings. ANSI/ASABE S639.1 SEP2017 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and B

27、iological Engineers 3 The operators manual to be provided with the machine shall comply with 6.1. The machine shall also be marked and carry safety signs according to 6.2.3. 4.2 Protection against inadvertent contact with the cutting elements 4.2.1 General The mower shall be designed or guarded in s

28、uch a way that inadvertent contact during normal operation with the cutting elements from the front, at the rear, the sides and the top is prevented. The following requirements shall be fulfilled: the top protection shall be achieved by a rigid imperforate guard; at the sides, the protection shall b

29、e achieved by a rigid imperforate guard, located near the cutting elements and in such a way that the lower edge extends below the working element path by a minimum of 3 mm as defined in Figure 1 or meets the test requirements of the foot probe test (clause 5.2) and the thrown-object test (clause 5.

30、3); on the front and at the rear, the protection shall be achieved by meeting the requirements of the of the foot probe test (clause 5.2) and the thrown-object test (clause 5.3). Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 ground a cutting element path radius b cutting element path radius +3 mm minimum c distan

31、ce between point M and V (max. 120 mm) d horizontal safety distance of 200 mm minimum from cutting element path E point on the circle with radius b on the vertical plane including the rotating axle M mid-point intersection relative to c and d V horizontal line passing through point E W straight line

32、 passing through point M and tangential to a circle with radius b Figure 1 Lateral location of the guard ANSI/ASABE S639.1 SEP2017 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 4.2.2 Protection against thrown objects that are not machine elements The mower shall be fitted wit

33、h protective devices to satisfy the acceptance criteria defined in 5.9, for thrown object tests specified in 5.3. NOTE: This protective device may be, for example, a protective skirt, rigid imperforate guard, chains or rubber strips. In the case where this device consists of a protective skirt, this

34、 protective skirt shall comply with the requirements of 5.10. In addition, the attachment(s) of the protective skirt shall meet the following requirements: if the protective skirt is clamped between two elements over its entire length, these elements shall not have sharp edges where they come into c

35、ontact with the protective skirt; if the protective skirt is attached by being applied directly to an element, attachment devices (e.g. screws and rivets) shall be used with corresponding washers having a minimum diameter of four times the nominal diameter of the attaching devices. These washers sha

36、ll not have any sharp edges. The distance between two attaching devices shall not exceed 250 mm; if the protective skirt is attached indirectly (e.g. by sliding over a tube) attachment elements shall not have any sharp edges. 4.2.3 Protection during handling and transport For machines with folding e

37、lements, the provisions of ISO 4254-1:2013, 4.9.2, apply. In addition to the requirements of ISO 4254-1 and in the case of powered lifting or swiveling, the control shall be of the hold-to-run type and the manual control shall be located outside the swiveling zone. 4.2.4 Controls for adjustments Adj

38、ustments shall be possible when the operator is in the operators station, standing on the ground, or standing on a platform conforming to ISO 4254-1. If the adjustments can be carried out from the ground or from the platform: this shall be possible with the cutting elements stopped; the controls for

39、 adjustment shall be located on the top, or at the sides, front or rear of the mowing machine, at a maximum horizontal distance of 550 mm within the overall outer limits of the machine and, in addition, in case of mounted mowers, the operator shall not be required to stand between the lower link poi

40、nts to operate controls. 4.2.5 Blades The blades shall comply with the requirements of ISO 5718:2013, except for clause 4.1. except for clause 4.2.1. A flat specimen with the same cross-section, of the same blade lot and of the same treatment process as the blades it represents may be used for the b

41、end test 4.2.6 Overrunning clutch or freewheel device If the mower is fitted with an overrunning clutch or a freewheel device, it shall be guarded as specified in 4.1. If exposure is possible to elements that continue to rotate or move after the power is disengaged, there shall be evidence of rotati

42、on or an audible indication of rotation or a suitable safety sign. There shall be instruction in the ANSI/ASABE S639.1 SEP2017 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5 operators manual stating the need to wait until all movement is stopped before servicing or swinging co

43、mponents into transport position. 4.2.7 Implement hitch or carrier frame When the implement hitch or carrier frame has a different lateral position for transport and working or a different vertical position, whose failure may lead to an uncontrolled change of direction, it shall be fitted with a mec

44、hanical or hydraulic locking device (e.g. a pin, a latch or a hydraulic valve), which requires an intentional action when changing from the transport position to the working position. When a hydraulic device is used, the implement hitch shall remain in position in case of a failure of the hydraulic

45、circuit (e.g. check valve and lowering control valve). 5. Verification of the requirements 5.1 General Verification of the requirements defined in clause 5 shall be made by means of inspection, calculation or testing. Dimensions, where given, shall be verified by measurements. Controls shall be veri

46、fied by a functional test and positional measurements. Guards shall be verified by functional test and positional measurements. 5.2 Foot probe 5.2.1 Foot probe test equipment Foot probe test equipment shall be constructed in accordance with Figure 2. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2 Foot probe tes

47、t equipment 5.2.2 Test conditions 5.2.2.1 The test shall be conducted under static conditions on a flat surface attached to a tractor. 5.2.2.2 The cutting element shall be clamped to the cutting element holder simulating the maximum cutting tip diameter in the cutting plane. 5.2.2.3 Components of th

48、e mowers or machine, or both, such as frames, etc., can be considered as part of the cutting element enclosure for the purpose of this test. 5.2.3 Test procedure The foot probe shall be introduced with the lower part horizontally to the mower and be held with the upper part in a vertical plane and r

49、otated horizontally and vertically a maximum of 15 degrees to either side of the centerline while simultaneously being raised and lowered as shown in Figure 3b. ANSI/ASABE S639.1 SEP2017 Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 6 The probe shall be applied until a horizontal force of 110 N 10 is reached, or until any portion of the cutting means enclosure lifts from its original position, or until contact is made with the cutting me