ANSI ALI LADDER A14.5-2017 Ladders - Portable Reinforced Plastic - Safety Requirements.pdf

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1、ANSI-ASC A14.5-2017American National StandardsAmerican National Standard for Ladders Portable Reinforced Plastic Safety RequirementsANSI-ASCnullA14.5-2017Revision of ANSI A14.5 2007American National Standard for Ladders Portable Reinforced Plastic Safety RequirementsSecretariatAmerican Ladder Instit

2、ute Approved December 12, 2017American National Standards Institute, Inc.For information on possible errata sheets and other ANSI-ASC A14 Standards please refer to the ALI website located at:www.americanladderinstitute.orgiAn American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially conc

3、erned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standard or not, from manufa

4、cturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will i

5、n no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no persons shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute.Caution Notice: This American National Standard may

6、 be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current informati

7、on on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.Published byAmerican Ladder Institute 330 N. Wabash Avenue, Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60611Copyright 2017 by ANSI-ASC A14 All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic

8、retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaAmerican National StandardiiForeword(This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard A14.5-2017.)This standard on reinforced plastic ladders is one of many American N

9、ational Standards prepared under the supervision of ANSI Accredited Standards Committee on Safety in the Construction, Care, and Use of Ladders, A14. Subcommittees that report to American National Standards Committee A14 have developed all of the standards. The subcommittees are: A14.1, Portable Woo

10、d Ladders; A14.2, Portable Metal Ladders; A14.3, Fixed Ladders; A14.4, Job-Made Ladders; and A14.5, Portable Reinforced Plastic Ladders, and 14.9, Ceiling Mounted Disappearing Climbing Systems.All standards, except A14.7, Mobile Ladders Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand Platforms, derive from the origi

11、nal American National Standard Safety Code for Construction, Care, and Use of Ladders, which was first approved on July 25, 1923. Revisions were approved in 1935, 1948, and 1952.The earlier editions contained some treatment of metal and fixed ladders. Requirements for these types were removed from t

12、he 1948 revision because rapid development in the metal ladder field warranted special consideration and treatment of metal ladders and fixed ladders (usually metal) in separate standards.The ensuing years saw the introduction of many new materials. The reinforced plastics and composite development

13、efforts yielded man-made materials that offered advantages when employed in ladders. Initially, the performance test requirements given in American National Standard Safety Requirements for Portable Metal Ladders, A14.2, were used in the design and evaluation of reinforced plastic ladders.The Americ

14、an Ladder Institute initiated a project that resulted in the development of the Fiberglass Ladder Material Specification, which was approved on October 6, 1971. Further revisions were approved on February 29, 1972 and October 4, 1972.Concurrently, numerous requests were made to the American Ladder I

15、nstitute and the American Mutual Insurance Alliance, as the Secretariat of ANSI-ASC A14, to develop an American National Standard on fiberglass ladders. Because of the significant use of reinforced plastic ladders, the recommendation was discussed at the May 23, 1972 meeting of American National Sta

16、ndards Committee A14. Subcommittee A14-5, Portable Reinforced Plastic Ladders, was created as a permanent subcommittee of ANSI-ASC A14 with instructions to develop a performance standard.Subcommittee membership was solicited from a wide range of organizations representing consumers, manufacturers, a

17、nd general interest areas. Technical specialists were included with expertise in material manufacture and testing of composite structures.A preliminary draft was submitted to the A14-5 Subcommittee by the Fiberglass Code Committee of the American Ladder Institute on June 23, 1972. This was reviewed,

18、 and the first draft, dated November 1, 1972, was developed following the subcommittee meeting of September 7, 1972. The subcommittee met again on November 16, 1972, to review this draft, which resulted in a second draft. A letter ballot was submitted to the subcommittee membership with this draft s

19、oliciting approval.A working task force from the subcommittee updated the draft to incorporate all relevant comments. The final draft was submitted to American National Standards Committee A14 on February 16, 1973, and was approved by the American National Standards Institute on June 20, 1974.Respon

20、ding to a Consumer Product Safety Commission challenge in August 1975, the A14 Committee mounted a three-prong attack to upgrade the portable ladder standards within the consensus framework of developing standards. Three Task Forces Anthropometric, Testing, and Labeling were established in October 1

21、975.Without question the most massive technically difficult task, which included a significant amount of human-factors work, was carried out by the Testing Task Force. Over 100 known ladder experts were solicited to join this task force and provide their technical expertise. The work involved 50 mee

22、tings, over 400 test documents, and the use of numerous test ladders over a period of nearly two years. The cost of the project has been conservatively estimated at over $300,000.iiiAt the August 11, 1977, joint meeting of the Testing Task Force and the A14 Advisory Committee, 23 procedures were pre

23、sented. These procedures, with an accompanying rationale based upon statistical and human factors data, were distributed to the three portable-ladder subcommittees for review and incorporation into the standards. Recommendations for review and incorporation into the standards. Recommendations for no

24、menclature, and for care and use of ladders, as well as the Ladder Use Survey Form and Bi-Level Fall Victim Report Form that have been included in the Appendixes, had been previously balloted in order that this more technical material from the Testing Task Force would receive the full attention of t

25、he three subcommittees.Test procedures were developed for three different applications, namely, design verification, quality control, and in-service testing. Design verification tests would generally be conducted on a one-time basis during the original design development of the product and would usu

26、ally be destructive tests. Quality control tests would be conducted by the manufacturer on an on-going basis; some of the tests would be destructive and some would be nondestructive. In-service tests would be conducted by the user on a periodic basis and would be nondestructive in nature.ANSI A14.2-

27、1981 was approved March 4, 1980 with an effective date of March 4, 1982. This 2 year period was to allow the manufacturers the necessary lead time to evaluate their products for conformance to the 1981 edition of the three portable ladder standards, to redesign and test their products where applicab

28、le, to design and build the required manufacturing tooling and machinery, and to convert their manufacturing operations to produce the revised products.During development of product for compliance with the 1981 revision, experience by some of the manufacturers indicated that the inclined load test w

29、as not practical when applied to all available length ladders. Also, recommendations were received for clarifications in test procedure descriptions. In the course of resolving these questions, evidence was produced to warrant modifications in the label test requirements and further investigations b

30、rought about changes in the label test specifications.To allow time for investigating these issues, the effective date of the 1981 revision was postponed to June 4, 1982 and then to October 4, 1982. Once the issues were resolved, ANSI A14.2-1982 was approved with the needed changes incorporated and

31、an effective date of October 4, 1982.In the 1992 revision, several issues, which had arisen since the 1982 revision, were addressed. Most significantly, requirements were developed to cover the multipurpose articulated ladder. In addition the label/marking section improved the graphics as well as pr

32、esented new labels.Considerable effort went into preparing the 2000 revision to assure consistency between the A14.2 standard for portable metal ladders and the new revisions of A14.1 (portable wood ladders) and A14.5 (portable reinforced plastic ladders) standards.In the 2007 revision, as a result

33、of efforts by an Articulated Ladder Task Force, additional dynamic testing has been added to the testing requirements for articulated ladders. Additionally, requirements for ladders with a 375 pound duty rating, designated as “Special Duty Type IAA” are now being incorporated within the ANSI A14.2 a

34、nd A14.5 standards. Requirements for Special Duty Type IAA ladders were previously developed and issued in the ANSI A14.10-2000 standard. The A14.10 subcommittee was originally formed in order to quickly respond to a petition to ANSI by cable TV and electric companies for a higher duty-rating ladder

35、. After incorporation of the Special Duty Type IAA requirements into the A14.2 and A14.5 standards, the A14.10 standard will be withdrawn.In this current revision, as a result of further efforts by the Articulated Ladder Task Force, additional specifications and testing requirements are being added

36、to the standard for articulated extendable ladders. Additionally, a generic plywood test surface was adopted for those tests requiring a specific floor surface or top support for the ladder. The Labeling/ Marking Task Force has provided revised non-mandatory labeling illustrations in Appendix A and

37、B that incorporate the ANSI Z535.4 guidelines with the long standing labeling practices of ANSI ASC A14. The format of the standard has been modified to place all tables and figures at the end.Each revision of the standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by American National Standar

38、ds Committee on Safety in the Construction, Care, and Use of Ladders, A14. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all the committee members voted for its approval.Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the American Ladder Institut

39、e, 330 N. Wabash Ave., Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60611.ivAt the time it approved this standard, the A14 Committee had the following members:Organization Represented Name of RepresentativeAmerican Insurance Association George EarhartAmerican Ladder Institute Ron SchwartzMarc McConnell (Alt)American Soc

40、iety of Safety Engineers . Michael LorenzoTim Fisher (Alt)Associated General Contractors of America .Charles E. BirdTim Fischer (Alt)Canadian Standards Association .Dave ShanahanCosco Home and Office Products Eric KruseLarry Voris (Alt)Cotterman Company Don GibsonPete Catlos (Alt)Ellis Fall Safety S

41、olutions, LLC Div. of DSC J. Nigel EllisCody Snyder (Alt)Grainger Industrial Supply .Richard MartinJohn Foston (Alt)International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Christian DuvaInternational Union of Painters and Allied Trades Greg RenneDan Penski (Alt)International Union of Bricklayers consequentl

42、y, the governing criteria for the acceptance of reinforced plastic materials and reinforced plastic ladders shall be their conformance with the performance test requirements of Section 8. Laboratory tests of coupon specimens shall be an element in the process controls.American National Standard A14.

43、5-201716Where applicable, all tests shall be performed in accordance with the relevant American National Standards or ASTM specifications cited. Unless otherwise required or deemed appropriate, test specimens may be taken from the web of the composite in a length-wise direction. Tests in a specific

44、area of a composite may be omitted where size does not permit an acceptable specimen to be obtained.Conformance shall be based upon the average of the results for a minimum of three test specimens.Unless otherwise noted, the material properties specified in Tables 5 and 6 represent coupon values rat

45、her than full-section properties. Because coupon tests represent only a small portion of a total cross section, the values obtained from the coupon tests required in Tables 5 and 6 may not correlate with values derived from the full section tests in 7.12 through 7.13.4.The coupon test values in Tabl

46、es 5 and 6 are obtained with reinforced plastic pultruded shapes classified as GCPF in accordance with American National Standard Practice for Classifying Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Shapes According to Composition. ANSI/ASTM D3647-2003.7.9.1 Typical Physical Properties. Density shall be0.065 lb/in

47、3 with a tolerance of 10%, in accordance with American National Standard Test, ANSI/ASTM D792-2000.Water absorption shall be 0.75% maximum, in accordance with ASTM D229-2001, Testing Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation.1Density may vary with composite design. These are ave

48、rage values based upon the composites cross section.7.9.2 Material Properties Dry. When dry, the composite shall meet the mechanical properties specified in Tables 5 and 6. The test specimens shall be preconditioned in accordance with condition A of ASTM D709-2001, Specifications for Laminated Therm

49、osetting Materials.27.9.3 Material Properties Wet. Web specimens shall be immersed and maintained in boiling distilled water for a minimum of two hours, removed and immersed in distilled water maintained at room temperature, permitted to temperature stabilize, and tested wet. The mechanical properties of the wet composite shall meet the values established in Tables 5 and 6.7.9.4 Material Properties Elevated Temperature. Web or flange specimens, as required, shall be maintained for a minimum of 1/2 hour at an elevated temperature of 150F and then tested at that temperature