ARI 900-2004 PERFORMANCE RATING OF THERMAL STORAGE EQUIPMENT USED FOR COOLING《蓄热器冷却设备作业评定》.pdf

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1、 4100 N. FAIRFAX DR., SUITE 200 ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22203 2004 STANDARD for PERFORMANCE RATING OF THERMAL STORAGE EQUIPMENT USED FOR COOLING Standard 900 Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitte

2、d without license from IHS-,-,-Price $25.00 (M) $50.00 (NM) Copyright 2004, by Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER ARI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safet

3、y of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code

4、requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. ARI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. ARI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazard

5、ous or free from risk. Note: This standard supersedes ARI 900-1998. Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose1 Sect

6、ion 2. Scope.1 Section 3. Definitions 1 Section 4. Classifications.3 Section 5. Test Requirements 4 Section 6. Rating Requirements.5 Section 7. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings .7 Section 8. Marking and Nameplate Data .8 Section 9. Conformance Conditions 8 TABLES Table 1. Classificati

7、on of Thermal Storage Equipment4 Table 2. Limits of Mapped Rating Conditions and Method of Testing6 Table 3. Standard Rating Conditions for Thermal Storage Generators6 Table 4. Supplier Specified Data - Example Design Day.9 APPENDICES Appendix A. References - Normative 11 Appendix B. References - In

8、formative.12 Appendix C. Method of Testing for Rating Thermal Storage Devices which Employ the Same Secondary Coolant for the Charge and Discharge Cycles - Normative13 Appendix D. Method of Testing for Rating Ice Harvester/Chiller and Ice Slurry Type Thermal Storage Generators - Normative25 Appendix

9、 E. Method of Field Testing for Rating Thermal Storage Devices - Normative34 Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-APPENDICES (continued) Appendix F. Method of T

10、esting for Rating Thermal Storage Devices which Employ Different Heat Transfer Fluids for the Charge Cycle and the Discharge Cycle - Normative45 TABLES FOR APPENDICES Table C-1. Temperature Comparison Charge and Discharge Cycles 24 Table E-1. Temperature Comparison Charge and Discharge Cycles 44 Tab

11、le F-1. Temperature Comparison Charge and Discharge Cycles .62 FIGURES FOR APPENDICES Figure C-1. Thermal Storage Device Test Apparatus 15 Figure D-1. Thermal Storage Generator Test Apparatus .27 Figure E-1. Thermal Storage Device Test Apparatus 35 Figure F-1. Discharge Cycle Test Apparatus.46 Figur

12、e F-2. Refrigeration System with Secondary Coolant.48 Figure F-3. Refrigeration System with Direct Expansion Feed.48 Figure F-4. Refrigeration System with Gravity Feed 49 Figure F-5. Refrigeration System with Pumped Overfeed 49 Figure F-6. Typical Calorimeter Instrument51 Copyright Air-Conditioning

13、and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-_ARI STANDARD 900-2004 1 PERFORMANCE RATING OF THERMAL STORAGE EQUIPMENT USED FOR COOLING Section 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard

14、 is to establish for Thermal Storage Equipment used for cooling: definitions; classifications; test requirements; rating requirements; minimum data requirements for Published Ratings; operating requirements; marking and nameplate data; and conformance conditions. 1.1.1 Intent. This standard is inten

15、ded for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, contractors, and users. 1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This standard is subject to review and amendment as the technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Scope. This standard applies to Thermal Storage Equipment used f

16、or cooling which may be charged and discharged with any of a variety of heat transfer fluids. The equipment, as further described in Sections 3 and 4, may be fully factory assembled; assembled on site from factory supplied components; or field erected in accordance with pre-established design criter

17、ia. 2.2 Exclusions. This standard does not apply to: a. Thermal Storage Equipment with storage capacities of 10.00 Ton-Hours 35.17 kWh or less b. Thermal Storage Devices that use refrigerant as the Discharge Fluid c. Thermal Storage Equipment used solely for heating Section 3. Definitions All terms

18、in this document shall follow the standard industry definitions in the current edition of ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, unless otherwise defined in this section. For the convenience of users of this standard, definitions for the more important terms

19、employed in this standard are provided below: 3.1 Ambient Air. The air in the space surrounding the thermal energy storage device. 3.2 Ambient Heat Load. The load (typically expressed in tons kW) imposed on the storage device due to heat gain from the ambient. 3.3 Build Period. The operating Period

20、of a Thermal Storage Generator during which ice is produced. 3.4 Charge Fluid. The heat transfer fluid used to remove heat from a Thermal Storage Device or Generator during the Build Period. 3.5 Charge Period/Cycle. The Period of time when energy (heat) is removed from the storage device. 3.6 Charge

21、 Rate. The rate (typically expressed in tons kW) at which energy (heat) is removed from the storage device during the Charge Period. 3.7 Discharge Fluid. The heat transfer fluid used to add heat to the Thermal Storage Device. 3.8 Discharge Period/Cycle. The Period of time when energy (heat) is added

22、 to the storage device. Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ARI STANDARD 900-2004_ 2 3.9 Discharge Rate. The rate (typically expressed in tons kW) at which ene

23、rgy (heat) is added to the storage device during the Discharge Period. 3.10 Fouling Factor. A thermal resistance included in heat transfer calculations to account for the fouling expected over time on the water side area of a heat transfer surface. 3.11 Hermetic Compressor. A motor-compressor assemb

24、ly contained within a gas-tight casing which uses the refrigerant as the motor coolant. This includes semi-hermetic compressors. 3.12 Interval. The time span between individual test readings. 3.13 Latent Heat of Fusion. The change in enthalpy accompanying the conversion of a solid unit mass to a liq

25、uid at its melting point, at constant pressure and temperature. 3.14 Load Intensity. The ratio of the instantaneous load imposed upon the storage device to the Net Usable Storage Capacity of the unit, typically expressed in tons/ton-h kW/kWh. 3.15 Melt Period. That Period of a test during which the

26、ice produced by a Thermal Storage Generator is melted to determine its quantity. 3.16 Net Ice Making Capacity. The net ice producing capability of a Thermal Storage Generator operating in a charge mode, typically expressed in tons kW. 3.17 Net Usable Storage Capacity. The amount of stored cooling th

27、at can be supplied from the storage device at or below the specified cooling supply temperature for a given Charge and Discharge Cycle, typically expressed in ton-h kWh. 3.18 Nominal Storage Capacity. A theoretical capacity of the storage device as defined by the storage device manufacturer (which i

28、n many cases is greater than the Net Usable Storage Capacity). 3.19 Open-type Compressor. A refrigerant compressor with a shaft or other moving part extending through the casing to be driven by an outside source of power. 3.20 Period. The one hour time segments into which the total duty cycle of a t

29、hermal storage system is divided for the purpose of analysis and evaluation. 3.21 Phase Change Material (PCM). A substance that undergoes changes of state while absorbing or rejecting thermal energy, normally at a constant temperature. 3.22 Published Ratings. Published Ratings for Thermal Storage Eq

30、uipment are the data and methodology by which the “Supplier Specified Data”, as set forth in Table 4 of this standard, are developed for a specified duty cycle. They may take the form of tables, graphs, or computer programs, as elected by the manufacturer, and shall apply to all units of like nomina

31、l size and type (identification) produced by the same manufacturer. 3.22.1 Standard Rating. A rating based on tests performed at Standard Rating conditions. 3.22.2 Mapped Rating(s). Mapped Ratings are ratings falling within certain specified limits that are provided for products which do not have a

32、Standard Rating condition. They are based upon tests performed across a range of operating conditions as defined by the product manufacturer. 3.22.3 Application Rating. A rating, based on tests performed at application rating conditions (other than standard or mapped rating conditions). 3.23 Saturat

33、ed Evaporator Temperature (SET). The dew point temperature of the refrigerant corresponding to the saturation pressure at the outlet connection of the evaporator. 3.24 Secondary Coolant (Coolant). Any liquid cooled by a refrigerant and used for heat transmission without a change in state, having no

34、flash point or a flash point above 150F 65.6C. Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-_ARI STANDARD 900-2004 3 3.25 “Shall“ or “Should. “Shall“ or “Should“ shall

35、be interpreted as follows: 3.25.1 Shall. Where “shall “ or “shall not“ is used for a provision specified, that provision is mandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed. 3.25.2 Should. “Should“ is used for provisions which are not mandatory, but which are desirable as good practice. 3.26 The

36、rmal Storage Device. Equipment which stores cooling capacity using sensible and/or latent heat. This equipment may consist solely of a storage means or be packaged with one or more components of a mechanical refrigeration system. 3.27 Thermal Storage Equipment. Any one of, or a combination of, Therm

37、al Storage Devices and/or Thermal Storage Generators, that may include various other components of a mechanical refrigeration package (Section 4). 3.28 Thermal Storage Generator. An assemblage of components packaged by the manufacturer (but not necessarily shipped as one piece) to provide refrigerat

38、ion to a thermal storage system which includes an evaporator, and may include compressor(s), controls, heat rejection devices, etc. whose overall performance as a Thermal Storage Generator is rated by the manufacturer. 3.29 Ton-Hour (ton-h). The quantity of thermal energy equal to 12,000 Btu 3.517 k

39、Wh or 1 ton of refrigeration provided for one hour. Section 4. Classifications 4.1 Classification. Thermal Storage Equipment is broadly classified as either “sensible“ or “latent“, with further delineations as shown in Table 1 and explained in subsequent paragraphs. 4.2 Sensible Thermal Storage Equi

40、pment. Sensible Thermal Storage Equipment used for cooling typically employs water as the storage medium. During the Charge Period, warm water from the storage device is chilled to the desired temperature by a water chiller and returned to the storage vessel. During the Discharge (cooling) Period, t

41、he chilled water is pumped from the storage vessel to the load and the resultant warm water returned to storage. Any of several methods may be used to keep the warm return water separated from the stored chilled water, including separate or compartmentalized tanks or where only one tank is employed,

42、 labyrinths, membranes, or thermal stratification. 4.3 Latent Thermal Storage Equipment. Latent Thermal Storage Equipment is further categorized as ice-on-coil, encapsulated ice or Phase Change Material, ice harvester/chiller, or ice slurry. 4.3.1 Ice-on-Coil. A Thermal Storage Device consisting of

43、coils, plates, or other heat transfer surface submerged in a water filled tank. During the Charge Period, an evaporating refrigerant or cold Secondary Coolant is circulated through the coils/plates causing ice to form on the external surfaces. During the Discharge (cooling) Period, either of two met

44、hods is typically employed: a. External Melt. With external melt, warm, return water is circulated through the tank, external to the ice formation, whereby it is cooled by the melting ice. Some ice-on-coil devices may also serve as water chillers by circulating warm return water through the tank and

45、 over the external surface of the heat exchanger where it is cooled by Secondary Coolant or refrigerant circulating within the exchanger. b. Internal Melt. With internal melt, typically a warm, return, Secondary Coolant is circulated through the coils/plates and cooled as the ice external to the coi

46、ls/plates is melted. 4.3.2 Encapsulated Ice or Phase Change Material. Thermal Storage Equipment consisting of a tank or vessel densely packed with numerous, relatively small containers in which the storage medium (water-ice or other Phase Change Material such as eutectic salt) is encapsulated. Durin

47、g the Charge Period, water or Secondary Coolant, at a temperature below the phase change temperature of the storage media, is circulated through the tank/vessel to effect a phase change (freezing) in the storage medium. During the Discharge Period, warm return water or Secondary Coolant is circulated through the tank/vessel and cooled as the encapsulated storage media changes phase (melts). Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ARI STANDARD 900-2004_ 4 Tab