AIAA S-071A-1999 Assessment of Experimental Uncertainty with Application to Wind Tunnel Testing《计算风洞实验测量不确定度评估》.pdf
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1、, b95534 0003220 57T U Special Copvright Notice o I999 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. All rights reserved. AIAA SO71 A-I 999 Standard Assessment of Experimental Uncertainty With Application to Wind Tunnel Testing AIAA SO71 A-I 999 Standard Assessment of Experimental Uncer
2、tainty with Application to Wind Tunnel Testing Sponsor American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Abstract This AIAA Standard provides a new methodology for assessment of experimental uncertainty and a tech- nique for evaluating wind tunnel error sources. The methodology is then applied to a
3、 force and pressure test. The document is revision to the original document which was based on a Report of the NATO Advi- sory Group on Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD). AIAA S-O71 A-1999 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Assessment of experimental uncertainty with applica
4、tion to wind tunnel testing. p. cm. “AIAA S-O71 A-1999” Includes bibliographical references (.p), ISBN 1-56347-363-1 (softcover) - ISBN 1 -56347-364-X (electronic) 1. Wind tunnels. 2. Airplanes-Models-Testing. I. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astro nau t ics . TL567.W5 A87 1999 629.13452 21-
5、dc21 99-041 147 Published by American Institute of Astronautics and Aeronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191 Copyright O 1999 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic
6、retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. II AIAA S-O71 A-1999 Contents Foreword v 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.3 3.4 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.
7、2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.5 4.6 5. Introduction . 1 sessment Methodology . 4 . ertainty Components in Measured Variables . Estimating Precision Limits Estimating Bias Limits . 6 Estimating Uncertainty Components for Experimental Results . f Precision Limits
8、into an Experimental Result Propagation of Bias Limits into an Experimental Result . Summary of Methodology . 12 Reporting Uncertainties . . 13 References . . 13 Wind Tunnel Error Sources . 19 Introduction . 19 Process Error Sources . . 19 Test Tech n que . 20 Model Shape and Finish . 22 Tunnel Flow
9、 Quality . . 22 Instrumentation . 23 Math Models . 24 Significance of Error Sources . 25 Concluding Remarks . 30 Application of the Uncertainty Met and Pressure Test . 31 Introduction . 31 Test Description . . 31 Uncertainty of a Measurement System . 33 Uncertainty Evaluation Data . 33 Outlier Detec
10、tion . 35 Uncertainty of an Instrumentation . . 37 Discussion of Systems with Multiple Dependent Channels . 39 Uncertainty Evaluation of Other Test Systems Estimated Uncertainties of Various Parameters Data Reduction and Estimated Uncertainty of the Forebody Drag Coefficient Tunnel Conditions 42 Mod
11、el Attitude Measured Gross Axial and Normal Forces 46 Model Aerodynamic Axial and Normal Model Base Axial Force 50 Wind Tunnel Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient Adjustment to the Aerodynamic Reference Condition Reporting Uncertainty References . Summary and Recommendations Nomenclature . . 82 . . 111 AIA
12、A S-O71 A-1999 Annexes 2-A 2-B 4-A 4-B 4-C 4-D 4-E A Comprehensive Uncertainty Analysis Methodology . 14 Identification and Elimination of Outliers in Samples . 18 Uncertainty Methodology for Multiple Channel Instrumentation Systems 58 Determination and Evaluation of the Partial Derivatives Used in
13、the Text . 60 The Effect of Determining the Partial Derivatives with Respect to Dependent Parameters 70 Pressure Integration Example 73 Uncertainty of an Incremental Value 78 iv AIAA S-O71 A-1999 Foreword Measurement uncertainty has long been a topic of discussion and controversy within the aerospac
14、e com- munity. The problem is not the lack of good methodology in this area, references on the subject exist and are readily available. The difficulty has been in the application of the methodology by researchers and en- gineers with consistency and regularity. The AIAA Standards Technical Council a
15、pproved an AIAA Standard on measurement uncertainty in 1995. The AIAA has adopted the standard set forth by the NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) through AGARD publication AR-304. This standard is the result of an AGARD working group and represents methodology consis
16、tent with that adopted by the AIAA Ground Test Tech- nical Committee which has provided support and guidance in the adoption and review of this publication. At the AGARD Fluid Dynamics Panel symposium on Aerodynamic Data Accuracy and Quality: Require- ments and Capabilities in Wind Tunnel Testing in
17、 October 1987, continuing important problems related to aerodynamic data quality were noted. The technical evaluator suggested that improved treatment of data uncertainty would help alleviate some problems. The panel approved an examination of data quality as- sessment methodologies with the intent
18、of recommending specific improvements. Measurement uncertainty is a complex subject involving both statistical techniques and engineering judg- ment. The method reported here was adapted from currently accepted practices by Working Group 15 of the AGARD Fluid Dynamics Panel and has been revised by t
19、he Standards Subcommittee of the AIAA Ground Testing Technical Committee. The objective of the document, is to provide a rational and practical framework for quantifying and reporting uncertainty in wind tunnel test data. The quantitative assessment method was to be compatible with existing methodol
20、ogies within the technical community. Uncertainties that are difficult to quantify were to be identified and guidelines given on how to report these uncertainties. Although this document uses wind tunnel testing examples exclusively in its treatment of experimental uncertainty, the methodology is ap
21、plicable all experimental test processes. The members of the AGARD Working Group were (affiliation shown as of the publication date of the AGARD document): Mr. Robin D. Galway (NRC, Institute for Aerospace Mr. Claude Armand (ONERA, Centre de Modane Mr. Claude Quemard (ONERA, Centre de Modane Dr. Gun
22、ter Viehweger (DLR, Kln, Germany) Mr. Jan H. A. te Boekhorst (NLR, Amsterdam, Dr. David S. Woodward (DRA, Farnborough, UK) Mr. Keith Pallister (ARA, Bedford, UK) The members of the Standards Subcommittee of the AIAA Ground Test Technical Committee who have reviewed and revised this document have for
23、 some time been collaborating with the AGARD working group and deliberating themselves on how best to present this methodology as a consensus document. The AIAA, as an accredited non-government standards developer, was deemed to be ideal for this pur- pose. This standard will be complimented by a re
24、commended practice on its use. The AIAA Standards Procedures provide that all approved Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guides are advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. There is no agreement to adhere to any AIAA standards publication and no comm
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