AASHTO T 360-2016 Standard Method of Test for Measurement of Tire Pavement Noise Using the On-Board Sound Intensity (OBSI) Method.pdf
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1、Standard Method of Test for Measurement of Tire/Pavement Noise Using the On-Board Sound Intensity (OBSI) Method AASHTO Designation: T 360-161 Release: Group 1 (April 2016) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 200
2、01 TS-5a T 360-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Measurement of Tire/Pavement Noise Using the On-Board Sound Intensity (OBSI) Method AASHTO Designation: T 360-161Release: Group 1 (April 2016) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This test method describes the procedures for measuring tire/pavement noise using the on-bo
3、ard sound intensity (OBSI) method and the procedures for verification of the measurement system. The test method provides an objective measure of the acoustic power per unit area at points near the tire/pavement interface. 1.2. The OBSI measurement method described herein permits tire/pavement noise
4、 to be measured in isolation of other noise sources allowing the noise performance of pavements to be compared. 1.3. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the respo
5、nsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: TP 98, Determining the Influence of Road Surfaces on Vehicle Noise Using the
6、Statistical Isolated Pass-By (SIP) Method TP 99, Determining the Influence of Road Surfaces on Traffic Noise Using the Continuous-Flow Traffic Time-Integrated Method (CTIM) 2.2. ASTM Standards: D2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness F2493, Standard Specification for P225/6
7、0R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire 2.3. ANSI Standards: S1.1, Acoustical Terminology S1.9, Instruments for the Measurement of Sound Intensity S1.11, Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters S1.40, American National Standard Specifications and Veri
8、fication Procedures for Sound Calibrators S1.42, American National Standard Design Response of Weighting Networks for Acoustical Measurements 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a T 360-
9、2 AASHTO 2.4. Other: Donavan, P. R. and D. M. Lodico, Measuring Tire-Pavement Noise at the Source, NCHRP Report, Project 1-44(1), National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington, 2011. Available at http:/onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/docs/nchrp01-44(01)
10、_FR.pdf. 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. arithmetic averaging of levelsaveraging levels by summing the levels and dividing by the number of samples in the average. Use the following equation to arithmetically average a set of N levels, Li. 11NA avg iiLLN=3.2. coherencea measure of the linear dependency of two s
11、ignals with a value of 0 being no dependency, and a value of 1 being prefect linear dependence. Mathematically, it is the magnitude of the cross-spectrum between two signals squared divided by the product of the auto spectrum of both signals. 3.3. energy averaging of levelsaveraging levels by first
12、transforming the levels to energy quantities, averaging the energy quantities, and then converting back to a level. Use the following equation to energy average a set of N levels, Li. ( )( )/10101110 10iNLE avgiL LogN= 3.4. measurement periodthe time it takes the test vehicle to traverse the distanc
13、e of the test section. 3.5. on-board sound intensity (OBSI) methoda measurement procedure to evaluate the tire/pavement noise component resulting from the interaction of an ASTM F2493, Standard Reference Test Tire (SRTT) on a pavement surface. Sound intensity is measured at positions located on a mo
14、ving vehicle near the tire/pavement interface. 3.6. overall on-board sound intensity (OBSI) levelthe tire/pavement sound intensity level corresponding to the energy sum of the A-weighted sound intensity within the one-third octave bands ranging from 400 to 5000 Hz. ( )( )5000/101040010 10iLiOverall
15、Sound Intensity Level Log= where: Li= the A-weighted intensity level in the one-third octave band with center frequency i. 3.7. powertrain noisethe noise from the vehicle engine, exhaust system, air intake, fans, transmission, differential, and axles. 3.8. pressure-intensity index (PI index)defined
16、by the arithmetic average of the sound pressure levels (SPL) of both microphones on the probe minus the sound intensity level (IL), as given by the following equation: PI = SPLavg IL. The PI index for each one-third octave band is calculated using the sound pressure levels and intensity level corres
17、ponding to that one-third octave band. Note 1Since it represents a difference in level, the units for the PI index shall be reported in dB rather than dBA. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable la
18、w.TS-5a T 360-3 AASHTO 3.9. reference temperaturean ambient air temperature of 68F (20C). 3.10. sound intensityaverage rate of sound energy transmitted in a specified direction at a point through a unit area normal to this direction at the point. Units are watt per square meter (W/m2). As such, it i
19、s a vector quantity with magnitude and direction. The direction can be associated with the direction of sound propagation or the direction of the orientation of a probe for measuring sound intensity. (Reference ANSI S1.1, Acoustical Terminology.) 3.11. sound intensity level (IL)ten times the logarit
20、hm to the base 10 of the ratio of the intensity of a given sound in a stated direction to the reference sound intensity of 1 pW/m2(1 1012W/m2). Units are decibels. (Reference ANSI S1.1, Acoustical Terminology.) 3.12. sound pressure level (SPL)ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of th
21、e time-mean-square pressure of a sound, in a stated frequency band, to the square of the reference sound pressure of 20 Pa (20 106Pa). Units are decibels. (Reference ANSI S1.1, Acoustical Terminology.) 3.13. standard reference test tire (SRTT)16-in. (P225/60R16) standard tire as defined in ASTM F249
22、3. 3.14. systemfor this standard, refers to the entire system used to measure the sound intensity using the on-board method by means of equipment including matched microphone pairs, preamplifiers, cables, sound analyzers (computational system), probe holders, and associated items mounted on the test
23、 vehicle or test trailer. 3.15. test runa single measurement over a test section. 3.16. test sectiona 440 10 ft (134 3 m) length of pavement over which a sound intensity measurement is made. 3.17. tire/pavement noisethe sound generated as a tire traverses a specific length of pavement. 3.18. vehicle
24、 noisethe total noise from a vehicle, including a combination of noise generated by tire/road interaction (tire/pavement noise), air turbulence, and the powertrain. 4. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 4.1. The test method describes the measurement of sound intensity in close proximity to the tire/pavement int
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