AASHTO T 354-2017 Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Aggregate by Volumetric Immersion Method.pdf
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1、Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Aggregate by Volumetric Immersion Method AASHTO Designation: T 354-171Technical Section: 1c, Aggregates Release: Group 3 (August 2017) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suit
2、e 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-1c T 354-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Aggregate by Volumetric Immersion Method AASHTO Designation: T 354-171Technical Section: 1c, Aggregates Release: Group 3 (August 2017) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method covers the determination o
3、f bulk and apparent specific gravity and absorption of fine and coarse aggregate at 20 1C (70 2F) for dry and saturated aggregates. 1.2. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its
4、use. It is the responsibility of the user of this procedure to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Ma
5、terials R 76, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size T 2, Sampling of Aggregates T 19M/T 19, Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate T 84, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate T 85, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate T 255, Total Evaporable Moisture C
6、ontent of Aggregate by Drying 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1. Bulk specific gravity is the characteristic generally used for calculations of the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate including portland cement concrete (PCC), bituminous concrete, and other mixtures th
7、at are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Bulk specific gravity is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate in T 19M/T 19. Bulk specific gravity determined on the saturated surface-dry basis is used if the aggregate is wet, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied.
8、Conversely, the bulk specific gravity determined on the oven-dry basis is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry. 3.2. Apparent specific gravity pertains to the relative density of the solid material making up the constituent particles not including the pore space withi
9、n the particles that is accessible to water. This value is not widely used in construction aggregate technology. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1c T 354-2 AASHTO 3.3. When it is deem
10、ed that the aggregate has been in contact with water long enough to satisfy most of the absorption potential, the absorption values are used to represent the change in the mass of an aggregate due to water absorbed into the pore spaces within the constituent particles, compared to the dry condition.
11、 The laboratory standard for absorption is that obtained after submerging dry aggregate for approximately 15 h in water. Aggregates mined from below the water table may have a higher absorption when used, if not allowed to dry. Conversely, some aggregates when used may contain an amount of absorbed
12、moisture less than the 15-h soaked condition. For an aggregate that has been in contact with water and that has free moisture on the particle surfaces, the percentage of free moisture can be determined by deducting the absorption from the total moisture content determined by T 255 drying. 3.4. Users
13、 of this method are encouraged to be cautious in applying the results. Unadjusted values achieved for specific gravity and absorption can be significantly different from those achieved from T 84 and T 85. Results from this method will affect the calculated results for volumetrics in hot mix asphalt
14、(HMA) and absorption in PCC. When using the results from this test for pay factor and/or compliance purposes, the user is required to adjust the absorption and specific gravity values in accordance with Section 13. A graphical method and source/aggregate specific correlation method are shown in Anne
15、x B that can be used to correlate results to T84 and T85. 4. APPARATUS 4.1. Flask with Plug for Coarse AggregateA glass flask with a bulb volume of 3000 to 4000 mL and a separate plug. The neck of the flask shall be marked with 5 mL graduated increments that correspond to a precision of at least 0.1
16、 percent of the sample volume. Overall length of the flask is approximately 760 mm (30 in.) (see Note 1 and Figure 1). 4.2. Flask for Fine AggregateA glass flask with a bulb volume of 2000 mL. The neck of the flask shall be marked with 1 mL graduated increments that correspond to a precision of at l
17、east 0.1 percent of the sample volume. Overall length of the flask is approximately 760 mm (30 in.) (see Note 1 and Figure 1). Note 1The flask to be used for fine aggregate will have a neck approximately 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter. The flask used for coarse aggregate will have a neck approximately 51
18、 mm (2 in.) in diameter. Figure 1Typical Flask 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1c T 354-3 AASHTO 4.3. Scale with a capacity of at least 10 000 gThe scale shall comply with the require
19、ments in M 231. 4.4. Minimum 450-mm (18-in.) long rod with dry, absorbent swab. 4.5. Timer that can be read to the nearest second, and that can measure elapsed time up to 24 h. 5. CALIBRATION OF FLASK 5.1. Determine and record the empty weight of the flask, to the nearest gram. 5.2. Fill flask with
20、distilled water at 20 1C (70.0 2F) such that the bottom of the meniscus is exactly even with the zero mark. Note 2If a flask does not have a zero mark, add water to the first major graduation (10 mL mark on a fine aggregate flask); then subtract that amount from the calibrated flask volume in Equati
21、on 1. 5.3. Determine and record the weight of the filled flask to the nearest gram. 5.4. Determine the calibrated volume of the flask as follows: Vcal= B A (1) where: Vcal= calibrated volume of the flask, mL; A = weight of empty flask, g; and B = weight of flask filled with water, g. Note 3Due to th
22、e definition of a milliliter and a gram (1 milliliter of water weighs 1 gram), these values can be interchanged without conversions. 6. SAMPLING 6.1. Sampling of aggregate shall be accomplished in accordance with T 2. 7. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN 7.1. Obtain approximately 2 kg of fine aggregate o
23、r 3 kg of coarse aggregate using the applicable procedures described in R 76. 7.2. Dry the sample in an oven or a suitable pan or vessel to constant mass at a temperature of 110 5C (230 9F). Allow it to cool to comfortable handling temperature, without allowing it to re-absorb any water from the sur
24、rounding environment. This can be accomplished by covering the container with a plate or cover that blocks direct access of the ambient humid air to the cooling sample. 8. TEST PROCEDURE 8.1. Weigh out 1200 10 g of oven-dry fine aggregate or 2500 50 g of oven-dry coarse aggregate to be tested. If te
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