SAE ARP 4169B-2014 Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Filters《夜视镜(NVG)滤光器》.pdf

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1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref

2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub

3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970

4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP4169BAEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP4169 REV. BIssued 1988-09 Reaffirmed 1993-09

5、 Revised 2014-02 Superseding ARP4169A Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Filters RATIONALETo update the document to reflect advances in NVIS technology and to update any references as required. 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) discusses the desired characteristics of night vision goggle

6、 (NVG) filters that can be used with incandescent, electroluminescent (EL) and light emitting diode (LED) light sources to achieve NVG compatible lighting of aerospace crew stations. This document also discusses the parameters that need to be considered when selecting a night vision goggle/daylight

7、viewing (NVG/DV) filter for proper contrast enhancement to achieve readability in daylight. The recommendations set forth in this document are to aid in the design of NVG compatible lighting that will meet the requirements of MIL-L-85762A and MIL-STD-3009. 1.1 Purpose This document describes the fun

8、ctions and characteristics of NVG filters used in NVG compatible lighting. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall

9、 be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has

10、 been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.ARP4168 Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Compatible Light Sources SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4169B Page

11、2 of 13 2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6396, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/.MIL-L-85762A Lighting, Aircraft, Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Compatible MIL-STD-3009 Lighting, Aircraft

12、, Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Compatible 2.2 Definitions 2.2.1 NIGHT VISION GOGGLE COMPATIBLE LIGHTING The condition in which the spectral wavelengths, luminance level and uniformity of the cockpit lighting do not interfere with the operation of night vision goggles thus permitting the night

13、vision goggle user to observe an image intensified outside without degradation while maintaining the ability to recognize master caution/warning indicators and to easily interpret all lighted information in the crew station with unaided eyes. 3. FUNCTIONS OF AN NVG FILTER 3.1 The three primary funct

14、ions of an NVG filter are: 3.1.1 Suppress the deep red and infrared wavelengths emitted by a light source required for NVG compatibility as defined by the Class of NVIS minus blue filter (see Section 5 of this document and Section 1.3 of MIL-L-85762A or MIL-STD-3009). 3.1.2 Limit visible transmissio

15、n values for wavelengths amplified by the particular NVIS class. 3.1.3 Provide a color shift to the desired NVG color range. 3.2 Contrast Enhancement An NVG/DV filter is used to provide sufficient contrast enhancement to achieve viewability in daylight or sunlight ambients. For this document, a dayl

16、ight ambient is considered to be less than 10 000 foot-candle and above 6000 foot-candle, as may be defined by the end use application, and sunlight ambient is considered to be 10 000 foot-candle. 4. TYPES OF NVG FILTERS 4.1 Two Basic Types of NVG Filters This document defines and discusses two basi

17、c types of NVG filters: the night vision goggle (NVG) and the night vision goggle/daylight viewing (NVG/DV). 4.1.1 Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Filter The night vision goggle (NVG) filter defined in this document is a short wavelength pass filter, designed primarily to provide red and infrared (IR) sup

18、pression to achieve NVG compatibility. Contrast enhancement for readability in bright ambient is not provided by the NVG filter. 4.1.2 Night Vision Goggle/Daylight Viewing (NVG/DV) Filter The night vision goggle/daylight viewing (NVG/DV) filter defined in this document is a bandpass filter, designed

19、 to provide both red and IR suppression for NVG compatibility and contrast enhancement for viewability in daylight or sunlight ambient.SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4169B Page 3 of 13 4.2 NVG Filter Materials The basic materials used to make NVG filters are glass, glass composite and plastic. 4.2.1 Glass NVG

20、 and Glass Composite NVG/DV Filters Glass NVG and glass composite NVG/DV filters may be obtained with or without a front surface antireflection (AR) coating to enhance viewability. Glass and glass composite filters provide superb IR suppression for incandescent light sources and are excellent with E

21、L and LED light sources. Glass composite filters for use in NVG applications typically do not contain circular polarizers. 4.2.2 Plastic NVG Filters Plastic NVG filters are typically made from either polycarbonate or acrylic and provide good IR suppression for EL and LED light sources. Plastic filte

22、rs may provide only marginal IR suppression for incandescent light sources. Typically, plastic NVG filters do not provide sufficient contrast enhancement for sunlight viewing. 4.3 Environmental Requirements and NVG Filter Materials The NVG filter material selected must be capable of withstanding the

23、 military environmental requirements specified for the particular piece of equipment in which the filter is to be used. The equipment environmental specification may include requirements for such items as temperature, mechanical shock, moisture resistance, salt spray, chemical resistance and UV stab

24、ility. Glass glass composite and some plastic filters can withstand temperatures from -55 to +100 C. Some plastic NVG filter materials, such as polycarbonate, are not recommended for use in high humidity environments above 85% RH, noncondensing. Plastic filters can be obtained with a scratch resista

25、nt front surface. 5. GEN III NVIS MINUS BLUE FILTERS GEN III night vision imaging systems use filters, termed minus blue filters, in conjunction with the objective lenses to reduce the NVIS sensitivity to visible light. These minus blue filters are long pass filters, attenuating the visible spectrum

26、 below the red region and passing infrared. 5.1 Minus Blue Filters for NVIS Class A and NVIS Class B GEN III NVIS are classified by Figures 1 and 2 of MIL-L-85762A as to wavelength where the value of the relative transmission of their minus blue filters is 50%. Figure 1 shows the relative GEN III re

27、sponses: GA() for NVIS Class A and GB() for NVIS Class B. The GEN III response curves of Figure 1 are plotted with data from Tables VI and VII of MIL-L-85762A.5.2 Minus Blue Filters for NVIS Class C For those aircraft that use a Heads-Up Display (HUD) and operate with direct view NVGs (Type I), a NV

28、IS Class C filter will be necessary. With NVIS Class A or B filters, pilots will not be able to detect the symbology on the HUD combiner glass since the radiometric energy is very saturated in a very narrow wavelength typcially around 545 nm which both Class A and Class B filters block. The Class C

29、filter incorporates a minimum and maximum transmission around the 545 nm wavelength to allow the direct view NVGs to detect the HUD symbology. The Class C filter is sometimes called the “leaky green” filter. Figure 3 details the transmission allowances for a Class C filter. Be aware that a small num

30、ber of HUD phosphors are not visible through the leaky green Class C NVIS but may be visible with Class A or B NVIS. The NVG specifier is advised to confirm the HUD phosphor type in use in the aircraft in which the use of NVG is contemplated. Not all HUD phosphor will peak within the narrow band wid

31、th of where the “leak” is located, so take this into consideration if NVGs will be employed for the aircraft. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4169B Page 4 of 13 6. NVIS RADIANCE AS DEFINED BY MIL-L-85762A 6.1 Definition of NVIS Radiance MIL-L-85762A defines acceptable spectral radiance levels, as detected by a

32、 GEN III night vision imaging system, for various lighting configurations. This spectral radiance is termed NVIS Radiance, NR, and is determined from Equation 1: () () ()()=g179dNSGG(NR)RadianceNVIS930450MAX(Eq. 1) where:G() = Relative NVIS response, Class A , Class B, or Class C S = Measurement sca

33、ling factor, which is the ratio of required luminance for NVIS Radiance to the luminance needed by the spectroradiometer to make the measurement, or 15 foot-lambert, whichever is less G()MAX = 1 mA/W d = 5 nm N() = f()T() W/cm2/sr/nm f() = Radiated spectrum of light source T() = Relative transmissio

34、n of NVG filter 6.2 The relative transmission characteristic, T(), for the NVG filter in the IR region has the most influence on the value of NVIS Radiance. The amount of IR suppression and the relationship of the NVG filter T() long wavelength characteristic with respect to the GA() or GB() short w

35、avelength characteristic strongly influences the NR value for a given light source. 7. SUGGESTED NVG FILTER CHARACTERISTICS 7.1 Suggested NVG Filter IR Suppression Characteristics This document suggests criteria for two primary parameters of NVG filter characteristics, described in relationship to N

36、VIS relative response characteristics, for obtaining sufficient IR suppression to meet the requirements of MIL-L-85762A or MIL-STD-3009. These two NVG filter characteristics are (1) the intersection of the NVG filter long wavelength characteristic with the NVIS relative response short wavelength cha

37、racteristic and (2) the slope of the NVG filter long wavelength characteristic. The filter transmission characteristics should be graphed as a semi-log plot, as shown in Figure 2, since a linear plot does not show the necessary IR attenuation. 7.1.1 The suggested IR suppression characteristics of an

38、 NVG filter are illustrated in Figure 2. The IR suppression should be continuous out to 930 nm. For incandescent light sources, the IR suppression should be not less than six orders of magnitude beyond 650 nm. For EL and LED light sources, the IR suppression should be not less than four orders of ma

39、gnitude beyond 650 nm. The peak wavelength of the NVG filter characteristic shown in Figure 2 is located with the color range for NVIS A. The peak wavelengths of the NVG/DV filters characteristics shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6 are located within the respective NVIS color ranges, NVIS GREEN B, NVIS YE

40、LLOW, and NVIS RED. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4169B Page 5 of 13 The above criteria should be used with judgment. Actual transmission characteristics are not usually as smooth and regular as those shown. Irregularities of filter characteristic within the region of IR suppression may result in failure to

41、meet the NVIS Radiance requirements. When this is suspected, actual NR measurements, as described in MIL-L-85762A or MIL-STD-3009, should be obtained prior to incorporating the filter into the lighting design. NVG/DV filtered low color temperature incandescent sources may not produce sufficient lumi

42、nance for daylight readability.7.1.2 Different light sources filtered by the same NVG or NVG/DV filter will produce different colors. In the interest of color matching of components, it should be noted that the full range of allowable NVIS colors cannot be achieved with all light sources. For exampl

43、e, many of the legacy LED lamps, being narrow band emitters, produce colors of high saturation and are well suited for NVIS GREEN B, NVIS YELLOW, and NVIS RED, but may not be able to produce the desaturated color NVIS A. For NVIS Green A color requirements, selection of green LEDs must be more desat

44、urated to fall within that color circle. The use of a narrow band NVG/DV filter with an incandescent light source for NVIS GREEN A increases color saturation, moving the resulting color closer to the locus of NVIS GREEN B. Green LEDs that match the notch in the Class C filter should be avoided since

45、 NVGs using that filter will amplify that radiometric energy thereby having impact on the overall NVIS compatibility of the crew station. 7.2 NVG Filter T() and Minus Blue G() Relationship The intersection of the NVG filter T() long wavelength characteristic with the NVIS relative response GA() or G

46、B() short wavelength characteristic is the first primary parameter controlling the value of NVIS Radiance. 7.2.1 General Crew Station Lighting, NVIS GREEN A It is desirable to have the 1%, (10-2), point on the NVG filter T() long wavelength characteristic intersect the NVIS relative response GA() or

47、 GB() short wavelength characteristic at the 1% point, or below. 7.2.2 General Crew Station Lighting, NVIS GREEN B It is desirable to have the 1%, (10-2), point on the NVG filter T() long wavelength characteristic intersect the NVIS relative response GA() or GB() short wavelength characteristic at t

48、he 1% point, or below. This is illustrated in Figure 4 for the GEN III Class A. 7.2.3 Master Caution and Warning Lights, NVIS YELLOW It is desirable to have the 5%, (5x10-2), points on the NVG filter T() long wavelength characteristic intersect the NVIS relative response GA() or GB() short wavelengt

49、h characteristic at the 5% point, or below. This is illustrated in Figure 5 for the GEN III Class A. 7.2.4 Master Caution and Warning Lights, NVIS RED It is desirable to have the 5%, (5x10-2), points on the NVG filter T() long wavelength characteristic intersect the NVIS relative response GB() short wavelength characteristic at the 5% point, or below. This is illustrated in Figure 6 for the GEN III Cl