ACI 360R-2010 Guide to Design of Slabs-on-Ground (Incorporates Errata June 23 2016)《地面板设计指南》.pdf

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1、ACI 360R-10Reported by ACI Committee 360Guide to Design of Slabs-on-GroundGuide to Design of Slabs-on-GroundNinth PrintingMarch 2013Errata as of June 23, 2016ISBN 978-0-87031-371-4American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, M

2、I. All rights reserved. This material may not bereproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storagemedia, without the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoi

3、d ambiguities, omissions,and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally find information orrequirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users whohave suggestions for the improvement of ACI docum

4、ents are requested to contact ACI via the errata website atwww.concrete.org/committees/errata.asp. Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for erratafor the most up-to-date revisions.ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the

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6、tion in this publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, includingbut not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement.ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including

7、 any special, indirect, incidental, or conse-quential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result from the use of thispublication.It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate to thespecific circu

8、mstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard to health andsafety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applicability of all regulatory limitationsbefore applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations, inc

9、luding but not limited to,United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety standards.Participation by governmental representatives in the work of the American Concrete Institute and in the developmentof Institute standards does not constitute governmental endorsem

10、ent of ACI or the standards that it develops.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, orreprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Ma

11、nual of ConcretePractice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI 360R-10 supersedes ACI 360R-06 and was adopted and published April 2010.Copyright 2010, American Concrete Institute.All rights res

12、erved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, u

13、nless permission inwriting is obtained from the copyright proprietors.360R-1ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Manuals, and Commentariesare intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing,and inspecting construction. This document is intended for theuse of individuals who are competent to evalua

14、te thesignificance and limitations of its content and recommendationsand who will accept responsibility for the application of thematerial it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaimsany and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Instituteshall not be liable for any loss or dama

15、ge arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contractdocuments. If items found in this document are desired by theArchitect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, theyshall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation bythe Architect/Engineer.Guide to Design

16、of Slabs-on-GroundReported by ACI Committee 360ACI 360R-10This guide presents information on the design of slabs-on-ground,primarily industrial floors. It addresses the planning, design, and detailingof slabs. Background information on design theories is followed by discussionof the types of slabs,

17、soil-support systems, loadings, and jointing. Designmethods are given for unreinforced concrete, reinforced concrete,shrinkage-compensating concrete, post-tensioned concrete, fiber-reinforcedconcrete slabs-on-ground, and slabs-on-ground in refrigerated buildings,followed by information on shrinkage

18、and curling. Advantages anddisadvantages of these slab design methods are provided, including theability of some slab designs to minimize cracking and curling more thanothers. Even with the best slab designs and proper construction, it isunrealistic to expect crack-free and curl-free floors. Every o

19、wner shouldbe advised by the designer and contractor that it is normal to expect somecracking and curling on every project. This does not necessarily reflectadversely on the adequacy of the floors design or quality of construction.Design examples are given.Keywords: curling; design; floors-on-ground

20、; grade floors; industrialfloors; joints; load types; post-tensioned concrete; reinforcement (steel,fibers); shrinkage; shrinkage-compensating; slabs; slabs-on-ground; soilmechanics; warping.CONTENTSChapter 1Introduction, p. 360R-31.1Purpose and scope1.2Work of ACI Committee 360 and other relevantco

21、mmittees1.3Work of non-ACI organizations1.4Design theories for slabs-on-ground1.5Construction document information1.6Further researchChapter 2Definitions, p. 360R-52.1DefinitionsChapter 3Slab types, p. 360R-63.1Introduction3.2Slab types3.3General comparison of slab types3.4Design and construction va

22、riables3.5ConclusionChapter 4Soil support systems forslabs-on-ground, p. 360R-84.1Introduction4.2Geotechnical engineering reports4.3Subgrade classification4.4Modulus of subgrade reaction4.5Design of slab-support system4.6Site preparationJ. Howard Allred Edward B. Finkel Donald M. McPhee Nigel K. Par

23、kesCarl Bimel Barry E. Foreman Steven N. Metzger Roy H. ReitermanJoseph A. Bohinsky Terry J. Fricks John P. Munday John W. RohrerWilliam J. Brickey Patrick J. Harrison Joseph F. Neuber, Jr. Scott M. TarrJoseph P. Buongiorno Paul B. Lafontaine Russell E. Neudeck R. Gregory TaylorAllen Face Ed T. McGu

24、ire Scott L. Niemitalo Donald G. W. YtterbergC. Rick Felder Arthur W. McKinneyWayne W. WalkerChairRobert B. AndersonVice ChairPhilip BrandtSecretary360R-2 ACI COMMITTEE REPORT4.7Inspection and site testing of slab support4.8Special slab-on-ground support problemsChapter 5Loads, p. 360R-185.1Introduc

25、tion5.2Vehicular loads5.3Concentrated loads5.4Distributed loads5.5Line and strip loads5.6Unusual loads5.7Construction loads5.8Environmental factors5.9Factors of safetyChapter 6Joints, p. 360R-226.1Introduction6.2Load-transfer mechanisms6.3Sawcut contraction joints6.4Joint protection6.5Joint filling

26、and sealingChapter 7Design of unreinforced concrete slabs, p. 360R-317.1Introduction7.2Thickness design methods7.3Shear transfer at joints7.4Maximum joint spacingChapter 8Design of slabs reinforced forcrack-width control, p. 360R-348.1Introduction8.2Thickness design methods8.3Reinforcement for crack

27、-width control onlyChapter 9Design of shrinkage-compensating concrete slabs, p. 360R-349.1Introduction9.2Thickness determination9.3Reinforcement9.4Other considerationsChapter 10Design of post-tensionedslabs-on-ground, p. 360R-3810.1Introduction10.2Applicable design procedures10.3Slabs post-tensioned

28、 for crack control10.4Industrial slabs with post-tensioned reinforcementfor structural supportChapter 11Fiber-reinforced concreteslabs-on-ground, p. 360R-4011.1Introduction11.2Synthetic fiber reinforcement11.3Steel fiber reinforcementChapter 12Structural slabs-on-ground supporting building code load

29、s, p. 360R-4412.1Introduction12.2Design considerationsChapter 13Design of slabs for refrigerated facilities, p. 360R-4413.1Introduction13.2Design and specification considerations13.3Temperature drawdownChapter 14Reducing effects of slab shrinkage and curling, p. 360R-4514.1Introduction14.2Drying and

30、 thermal shrinkage14.3Curling and warping14.4Factors that affect shrinkage and curling14.5Compressive strength and shrinkage14.6Compressive strength and abrasion resistance14.7Removing restraints to shrinkage14.8Base and vapor retarders/barriers14.9Distributed reinforcement to reduce curling andnumb

31、er of joints14.10Thickened edges to reduce curling14.11Relation between curing and curling14.12Warping stresses in relation to joint spacing14.13Warping stresses and deformation14.14Effect of eliminating sawcut contraction joints withpost-tensioning or shrinkage-compensating concrete14.15Summary and

32、 conclusionsChapter 15References, p. 360R-5315.1Referenced standards and reports15.2Cited referencesAppendix 1Design examples using Portland Cement Association method, p. 360R-58A1.1IntroductionA1.2The PCA thickness design for single-axle loadA1.3The PCA thickness design for slab with post loadingA1

33、.4Other PCA design informationAppendix 2Slab thickness design by Wire Reinforcement Institute method, p. 360R-60A2.1IntroductionA2.2The WRI thickness selection for single-axle wheelloadA2.3The WRI thickness selection for aisle moment dueto uniform loadingAppendix 3Design examples using Corps of Engi

34、neers charts, p. 360R-63A3.1IntroductionA3.2Vehicle wheel loadingA3.3Heavy lift truck loadingAppendix 4Slab design using post-tensioning, p. 360R-63A4.1Design example: Post-tensioning to minimize crackingA4.2Design example: Equivalent tensile stress designAppendix 5Design example using shrinkage-com

35、pensating concrete, p. 360R-65A5.1IntroductionDESIGN OF SLABS-ON-GROUND 360R-3A5.2Example selecting the optimum amount of reinforce-ment to maximize the compressive stress in theconcrete where the slab thickness, the jointspacing, and prism expansion are knownAppendix 6Design examples for steel FRC

36、slabs-on-ground using yield line method, p. 360R-66A6.1IntroductionA6.2Assumptions and design criteriaAppendix 7Construction document information, p. 360R-67A7.1IntroductionA7.2Example design criteriaA7.3Typical detailsConversion factors, p. 360R-72CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1Purpose and scopeThis guide

37、 presents information on the design of slabs-on-ground. Design is the decision-making process of planning,sizing, detailing, and developing specifications precedingconstruction of slabs-on-ground. Information on otheraspects, such as materials, construction methods, placementof concrete, and finishi

38、ng techniques is included only whereneeded in making design decisions.In the context of this guide, slab-on-ground is defined as:a slab, supported by ground, whose main purpose is tosupport the applied loads by bearing on the ground. The slabis of uniform or variable thickness and it may include sti

39、ffeningelements such as ribs or beams. The slab may be unreinforcedor reinforced with nonprestressed reinforcement, fibers, or post-tensioned tendons. The reinforcement may be provided to limitcrack widths resulting from shrinkage and temperaturerestraint and the applied loads. Post-tensioning tendo

40、ns maybe provided to minimize cracking due to shrinkage andtemperature restraint, resist the applied loads, and accommodatemovements due to expansive soil volume changes.This guide covers the design of slabs-on-ground for loadsfrom material stored directly on the slab, storage rack loads,and static

41、and dynamic loads associated with equipment andvehicles. Other loads, such as roof loads transferred throughdual-purpose rack systems, are also mentioned.This guide discusses soil-support systems, shrinkage andtemperature effects; cracking, curling or warping; and otherconcerns affecting slab design

42、. Although the same generalprinciples are applicable, this guide does not specificallyaddress the design of roadway pavements, airport pavements,parking lots, or mat foundations.1.2Work of ACI Committee 360 and other relevant committeesThere are several ACI committees listed below thatprovide releva

43、nt information concerning slabs-on-grounddesign and construction or similar slab types that are notaddressed in this guide such as pavements, parking lots, ormat foundations. These committees provide documentswhere more detailed information for topics discussed in thisguide can be found.1.2.1 ACI Co

44、mmittee 117 develops and reports informationon tolerances for concrete construction through liaison withother ACI committees.1.2.2 ACI Committee 223 develops recommendations onthe use of shrinkage-compensating concrete.1.2.3 ACI Committee 301 develops and maintains specifi-cations for concrete const

45、ruction.1.2.4 ACI Committee 302 develops and reports informationon materials and procedures for the construction of concretefloors. ACI 302.1R provides guidelines and recommendationson materials and slab construction. ACI 302.2R providesguidelines for concrete slabs that receive moisture-sensitivefl

46、ooring materials.1.2.5 ACI Committee 318 develops and maintainsbuilding code requirements for structural concrete.1.2.6 ACI Committee 325 develops and reports informationon concrete pavements.1.2.7 ACI Committee 330 develops and reports informationon concrete parking lots and paving sites. Parking l

47、ots andpaving sites have unique considerations that are covered inACI 330R.1.2.8 ACI Committee 332 develops and reports informationon concrete in residential construction.1.2.9 ACI Committee 336 develops and reports informationon footings, mats, and drilled piers. The design proceduresfor combined f

48、ootings and mat foundations are given in ACI336.2R. Mat foundations are typically more rigid and moreheavily reinforced than common slabs-on-ground.1.2.10 ACI Committee 360 develops and reports informationon the design of slabs-on-ground, with the exception of high-ways, parking lots, airport paveme

49、nts, and mat foundations.1.2.11 ACI Committee 544 develops and reports informationon concrete reinforced with short, discontinuous, randomly-dispersed fibers. ACI 544.3R is a guide for specifying, propor-tioning, and production of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC).1.3Work of non-ACI organizationsNumerous contributions of slabs-on-ground design andconstruction information used in this guide come fromorganizations and individuals outside the AmericanConcrete Institute. The U.