Syrian Culture Resource.ppt
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1、Syrian Culture Resource,Heather Franks Cohort 34 Spring 2005,Topic References,Religions Holidays Education Family Life What Teachers Should Understand Literature Teacher Guidelines The Katreeb Family: Journey to America,Religions,Majority religion: Sunnite Muslim Other Muslim religions: Alawites, Is
2、mailis, and Shiite Non-Muslim majority religion: Christian Greek Orthodox and American Orthodox Minority religions: Druses (related to Islam), Jewish (dwindlingmost have moved to the US or Israel),Majority Religion,Muslims practice the five pillars of Islam. Shahada is the profession of faith: “Ther
3、e is no God but God (Allah) and Mohammed is his prophet.” Salat is the requirement to pray five times a day: at dawn, midday, mid-afternoon, sunset and evening. Zakat is the giving of alms to the poor. Saum is the requirement to fast from sunrise to sunset during the month of Ramadan. Hajj is the pi
4、lgrimage to Mecca that Muslims must make at least once in their lives. May include a stop in Medina to pay respects at the Prophets grave. http:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/,Majority Religion,Sunnite Muslim: A member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successo
5、rs to Muhammad. Caliph: the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth; “many radical Muslims believe a Khalifah will unite all Islamic lands and people and subjugate the rest of the world.” Khalifah: synonym of caliph http:/,Majority Religion,Mu
6、slim: A believer or follower of Islam Islam: the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran. Koran: The sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina. Mu
7、hammad: The Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) Mecca: joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia; located in western Saudi Arabia; as the birthplace of Muhammad it is the holiest city of Islam. Medina: city in western Saudi Arabia; site of the tomb of Muhammad; the second most holy city of Is
8、lam http:/,Minority Religion,Druze: an adherent of an esoteric monotheistic religious sect living in the relative security of the mountains of Syria and Lebanon who believes that Al-hakim was an incarnation of God. Esoteric: confined to and understandable by only an enlightened inner circle. Al-haki
9、m: an Ismaili caliph of Egypt who declared himself an incarnation of God and founded the Druze religious sect (985-1021). http:/,Holidays,Syrian Muslim Holidays Ramadan Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha Muharram Syrian Christian Holidays Christmas Catholic or Orthodox Easter,Syrian Muslim Holidays,The dates o
10、f Muslim holidays change yearly The Islamic religion follows the Lunar calendar. 354 days in a year Each year the holidays are 11 days earlier than the previous year.,Syrian Muslim Holidays,Ramadan: Ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Fast from sunrise to sunset. A time for reflection of spiritual
11、matters. Shows devotion to Allah and Mohammed. Builds self-discipline and encourages compassion for those who are less fortunate. During Ramadan families eat their evening meal with each other. http:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html,Syrian Muslim Holidays,Eid al-Fitr: The “breaking of t
12、he fast” at the end of Ramadan. People eat special foods, including sweets, and many people stay up all night. Visit family and wear new clothes. Children receive gifts of money from their relatives. There are rides for children in the streets and fireworks at night. The celebration is three days. h
13、ttp:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html,Syrian Muslim Holidays,Eid al-Adha: Lasts four days and comes at the end of the traditional season of pilgrimage to Mecca. Celebrates Abrahams willingness to sacrifice his son to God. http:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html,Syrian Muslim
14、 Holidays,Muharram: The beginning of the first month in the Hijara (lunar) calendar. Is the Muslim New Year. Commemorates the day on which Mohammed and his followers left Medina for Mecca. Festivals held throughout the year: Palmyra Festival: Held in the desert and features singing and dancing as we
15、ll as camel and horse races. Latakia, Syria: A peace festival is held during the month of August. September, an international folk festival is held in Busra. The festival continues every night for three weeks. http:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html,Syrian Christian Holidays,Christian Sy
16、rians celebrate Christmas and the Catholic or Orthodox Easter. Communities celebrate these holidays. Only a few decorations appear in Christmas time Christmas lights are uncommon. http:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/holidays.html,Education,Primary education is free. Attendance is mandatory for age
17、s 6 to 15. Students wear a green, military-style uniform. Taught in Arabic. Learning a second language is mandatory at eight years-old. Most students study English. Religion is taught also.,Education,Secondary education is free at state schools. Ages 15 to 18. Four universities. Students pay a small
18、 tuition to attend. Literacy rate has increased significantly over the last 20 years. About 71%. 86% of men and 56% of women. http:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/,Family LifeChildren,Having children is very important. When a couple has a son, the parents take the name of their first son. i.e.: If
19、they name their son Yassar, the father becomes Abu Yassar or “father of Yassar” and the mother becomes Umm Yassar or “mother of Yassar.” http:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/,Family LifeMarriage,Children do not leave their parents home until marriage. Some newlywed couples live with their parents f
20、or a few years after marriage. Weddings are major social events. Arranged marriages are common in Syria. In the city there is usually more freedom to choose a marriage partner. Parents of couple must OK the marriage. The groom pays a bride-price (majr) to the brides family. http:/cp.settlement.org/e
21、nglish/syria/,Family LifeStatus,Men have a strong individual and family honor (ird). Women do not have equal status. Men and women rarely socialize together outside the home. It is legal for Muslims to have multiple wives. Rare for Syrian families to divorce. http:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/,F
22、amily LifeRelatives,The elderly are respected. Elders live with their families their entire life. Nursing homes are not available. A death in the family entails three days of mourning. Women relatives of the deceased must wear black months after their passing. http:/cp.settlement.org/english/syria/,
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