ASTM F2374-17 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices.pdf

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1、Designation: F2374 17Standard Practice forDesign, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance ofInflatable Amusement Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2374; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes criteria for the Design,Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Inspecti

3、on,Training, Auditing and Major Modification of commercial useInflatable Amusement Devices. These devices are made offlexible fabric, inflated by one or more blowers, and rely uponair pressure to maintain their shape. They are designed forpatron activities that may include, but not be limited to:bou

4、nce, climb, slide, obstacle course or interactive play.1.1.1 Amusement devices covered by this standard are usedprimarily in amusement, entertainment or recreational applica-tions. Such applications include, but are not limited to, amuse-ment parks, theme parks, water parks, family entertainmentcent

5、ers, rental companies, fitness centers, gyms, gymnasticsfacilities, jump centers, sports facilities, skate parks, camps,schools, shopping centers, temporary special events, carnivals,fairs, festivals and municipal parks.1.1.2 This practice includes land-based inflatable amuse-ment devices that are d

6、esigned for dry use, wet use, or acombination of wet/dry use.1.1.3 Inflatable amusement devices covered by this standardhave inflation systems that:1.1.3.1 Require air to be constantly supplied in order tomaintain structure, form, shape or integrity (continuous airinflatable amusement device); or1.1

7、.3.2 Maintain inflation without the need for constant airsupply (captured air inflatable amusement device); or1.1.3.3 Incorporate both methods of inflation into a singledevice.1.1.4 The design and manufacturing requirements in Sec-tions 5 and 6 of this standard shall not apply to inflatableamusement

8、 devices manufactured before the publication dateof this standard practice.1.1.5 The modification requirements in Section 5.3 of thisstandard shall not apply to major modifications performedbefore the publication date of this standard practice.1.2 This practice specifically excludes the following ty

9、pesof inflatable devices:1.2.1 Inflatable devices marketed directly to consumers forprivate home use by children. Those devices are covered undera separate standard, Consumer Safety Specification F2729.1.2.2 Inflatable devices that are used for professional exhi-bition or stunt work; safety and resc

10、ue activities; aerial oraviation structures or devices; exhibit floats; or similar inflat-able devices.1.2.3 Inflatables that do not have a floor affixed to theinflatable structure (that is, the ground is exposed inside aninflated perimeter).1.2.4 Inflatable devices that require a sudden loss of air

11、 toperform their intended function (for example, stunt bag styleinflatable impact attenuation devices).1.2.5 Inflatable devices that are designed primarily as float-ing devices to be installed in or on bodies of water.1.2.6 Stand-alone captured air inflatable devices that aredesigned to contain the

12、patron within the elevated pressurespace; are designed to be mobile during its intended use; orcontain less than 270 ft3of air and do not include an anchoringor ballasting system. Examples include, but are not limited to:a water walking ball, a sports ball, a hamster ball, a hill-rollingball.1.2.7 C

13、onstant air membranes that incorporate a permanentsub-terrain box or pit to form the bottom and sides of thepressure vessel (for example, jumping pillow devices).1.2.8 Air inflated devices designated to decompress orredistribute foam cubes contained in a trampoline court foampit.1.3 This practice in

14、cludes an annex (mandatory), whichprovides additional information (for example, rationale,background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and soforth) to improve the users understanding and application ofthe criteria presented in this practice. The annex informationshall be interpreted as mandato

15、ry criteria.1.4 This practice includes an appendix (non-mandatory),which provides additional information (for example, rationale,background, interpretations, drawings, commentary, and soforth) to improve the users understanding and application ofthe criteria presented in this practice. The appendix

16、informa-tion shall not be interpreted as mandatory criteria.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F24 on AmusementRides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.61 onAdventure Attractions.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published February 2018. Orig

17、inallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2374 10. DOI:10.1520/F2374-17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr

18、inciples on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,

19、 if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with inter

20、nationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3787

21、 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestD5446 Practice for Determining Physical Properties ofFabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in InflatableRestraintsD6951 Test Method for Use of the Dynamic Cone Penetrom-eter in Shallow Pavement Applications

22、F355 Test Method for ImpactAttenuation of Playing SurfaceSystems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and MaterialsUsed for Athletics, Recreation and PlayF747 Terminology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-vicesF770 Practice for Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, andInspection of Amusement Rides and Dev

23、icesF1159 Practice for Design ofAmusement Rides and Devicesthat are Outside the Purview of Other F24 Design Stan-dardsF1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Constructionof Amusement Rides and DevicesF1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of SurfacingMaterials Within the Use Zone of Playgro

24、und EquipmentF1772 Specification for Harnesses for Rescue and SportActivitiesF2291 Practice for Design ofAmusement Rides and DevicesF2375 Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation andTesting of Climbing Nets and Netting/Mesh used inAmusement Rides, Devices, Play Areas and AttractionsF2397 Speci

25、fication for Protective Headgear Used in MartialArtsF2729 Consumer Safety Specification for Constant Air In-flatable Play Devices for Home Use2.2 ASCE Standards (American Society for Civil Engi-neers):3ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and OtherStructures2.3 NFPA Standards (National Fire Pro

26、tection Agency):4NFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC)NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propa-gation of Textiles and Films3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 designer/engineer, nparty(s) that establishes anddescribes the configuration of the amusement ride or device,establishes streng

27、th and fatigue life, designs and developselectrical/electronic control systems, and defines inspectioncriteria. F7473.1.2 major modification, nany change in either the struc-tural or operational characteristics of the ride or device whichwill alter its performance from that specified in the manufac-

28、turers design criteria. F7473.1.3 serious injuries/illnesses, na personal injury/illnessthat results in death, dismemberment, significantdisfigurement, permanent loss of the use of a body organ,member, function, or system, a compound fracture, or othersignificant injury/illness that requires immedia

29、te admission andovernight hospitalization and observation by a licensedphysician. F7474. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this practice is to delineate informationregarding the design, manufacture, installation, operation, andmaintenance of inflatable amusement devices.5. Design5.1 Design requ

30、irements for inflatable amusement devicesshall be in accordance with Practice F1159, and the exceptionsand inclusions unique to Inflatable Amusement Devices. Forconvenience, all of these exclusions and inclusions have beenincorporated into Practice F1159 and are shown below.5.1.1 This section establ

31、ishes information and proceduresfor the design of inflatable amusement devices and majormodifications to inflatable amusement devices.5.1.2 Inflatable amusement devices with platforms or playareas higher than 25 ft (7.6 m) above the ground shall alsorequire compliance with the applicable parts of Pr

32、actice F2291.5.2 Adjustments to Terms in Practice F1159:5.2.1 Replace the term “amusement rides and devices” with“inflatable amusement devices”.5.2.2 Replace the terms “amusement ride or device” or “rideor device” with “inflatable amusement device”.5.2.3 Replace the terms “ride analysis” with “devic

33、e analy-sis”.5.3 Parts of the Inflatable Device:5.3.1 ObstacleAn inflated component that is intended forpatrons to climb over, run through, etc., as they progressthrough the inflatable amusement device.5.3.2 PlatformA horizontally-oriented inflated surface onwhich a user may stand or traverse (for e

34、xample, the transitionlanding area on a slide).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fro

35、m American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.F2374 1725.3.3 Playing AreaSpace in or on the inflatable that isintend

36、ed for patron play.5.3.4 Ramp or StepAn inclined section or section ofintermediate height aiding patrons as they enter and exit theplaying area of the inflatable, making the transition betweenthe height of the playing area and the ground.5.3.5 Run-outIntended deceleration zone at the bottom ofa slid

37、e.5.3.6 Height Measurements:5.3.6.1 Playing Area or PlatformThe height of a playingarea or platform shall be measured, without load, from thehighest point intended to support patrons to the lower bound(see Fig. 1). Typically, this is ground level, but the lower boundmay be the surface of a lower-lev

38、el inflated playing area orplatform.5.3.6.2 Containment WallThe height of a containmentwall shall be measured, without load, from the highest point onthe surface of the adjacent platform or playing area to thehighest point on the wall (see Fig. 2). For slides, the heightmeasurement is taken at 90 to

39、 the slope (see Fig. 1).5.4 Drawings, Records and Testing:5.4.1 Drawings and RecordsRecords shall be kept inaccordance with Subsection 5.6 of Practice F2291.5.4.2 TestingDocument and record the testing perfor-mance of inflatable amusement devices in accordance with thetests given in Practice F1193.5

40、.5 Structural Integrity and Inflation:5.5.1 Inflatable playing areas, platforms, steps, and rampsshall support the weight of the patrons for whom the inflatableis designed.5.5.2 The inflatable device shall support itself, the maxi-mum total load, and any devices included for which theinflatable is d

41、esigned.5.5.2.1 The manufacturer shall test the design for structuralintegrity and stability per Practice F1193 with stated maximumcapacity allowed on the device. Where applicable, the testmethodology shall consider anticipated areas of unevenloading, such as stairs or transition platforms on inflat

42、ableslides.5.5.3 The weight assigned to each patron, for designpurposes, shall be determined as follows:5.5.3.1 For inflatable devices intended for use by childrenonly, the design weight per patron shall be, at a minimum, theweight specified for a child patron in Subsection 8.6.2 ofPractice F2291.5.

43、5.3.2 For all other inflatable devices, the design weightper patron shall be, at a minimum, the weight specified for anadult patron in Subsection 8.6.1 of Practice F2291.5.5.4 All inflatables with an inflated floor must pass theapplicable Test Methods for Weight Bearing Surfaces in AnnexA4.5.5.5 The

44、 design shall be sufficient to allow for evacuationin the event of deflation during patron use, including, at aminimum:5.5.5.1 The device shall have a means of egress in case ofemergency evacuation.5.5.5.2 Design elements shall be employed to prevent orminimize risks to patrons when the inflation ai

45、r supply isinterrupted. These shall include, but not be limited to, thefollowing:(1) A non-return valve or flap shall be fitted to the bloweror inflatable device.(2) The inflation tube shall be placed at the lowest part ofthe structure.(3) The structural design shall prevent rapid collapse ofelevate

46、d platforms or collapse of ceilings and walls onto thepatrons.(4) Inflatable devices with platforms or play areas higherthan 8 ft (2.4 m) off the ground shall require a deflation alertsystem per 5.16.5.5.5.6 The design shall allow blowers and inflation tubes tobe positioned in locations that minimiz

47、e risk to patrons and willnot impede the ingress/egress of the device.5.5.7 Captured air inflatable amusement devices shall havean air pressure relief valve. When accessible during intendeduse, protruding parts of the valve shall be rounded and notcreate entanglement or entrapment points.5.6 Anchori

48、ng Systems:FIG. 1 Slide Platform and Wall Height MeasurementsF2374 1735.6.1 Inflatable amusement devices shall be provided withan anchorage system to prevent unplanned displacement duringoperation.5.6.2 Sufficient anchor points shall be provided and locatedto enable stability and restraint to be mai

49、ntained under thedesigners stated operating conditions including, but not lim-ited to, forces of wind and forces applied by patrons duringintended use of the inflatable device. The number of anchorpoints shall be greater than or equal to four (4).5.6.3 The design shall specify maximum wind speeds andthe type of anchorage. An analysis for determining an accept-able anchorage system shall be performed and stamped by alicensed professional engineer. This analysis shall includecalculations and demonstrate that anchoring of the fullyinflated device ca