2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I卷）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2014 年 普 通 高 等 学 校 招 生 全 国 统 一 考 试 （ 新 课 标 I 卷 ） 英 语第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解 （ 共 两 节 ， 满 分 60 分 ）第 一 节 （ 共 15 小 题 ;每 小 题 3 分 ， 满 分 45 分 ）阅 读 下 列 短 文 ， 从 每 题 所 给 的 四 个 选 项 （ A 、 B 、 C 和 D ） 中 ， 选 出 最 佳 选 项 。AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge S

2、cience Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual CuriosityChallenge. The challenge invites , even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore theirworld.Students are being dare

3、d to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem thatshows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing shouldbe sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue,Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected

4、 as winners will be honored at aspecial ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes tothe students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will exhibited and prizeswill be given. Families of those who take part will be included in cele

5、bration and brunch will beserved.Between March 10 th and March 15h, each winner will be given the specifics of the closingceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other relatedinformation are available at :http:/ cambridgesciencefestival.org.21. Who can take part

6、in the Curiosity Challenge?A. School students.B. Cambridge locals.C. CSF winners.D. MIT artists.解 析 ： 细 节 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 2,3 行 The challenge invites , even dares school students betweenthe ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how itinspires them to e

7、xplore their world.可 知 这 个 活 动 主 要 的 参 加 对 象 是 学 校 里 的 学 生 。 故 A正 确 。答 案 ： A 22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A. On February 8th.B. On March 10th.C. On March 15thD. OnApril 21st.解 析 ： 细 节 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 三 段 Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected aswinners will be h

8、onor at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.可 知 进 入 挑 战 赛 的 并 获 奖 的 同 学 将 在 4 月 21 日 的 颁 奖 典 礼 上 接 受 颁 奖 。 故 D 正 确 。答 案 ： D23. What type of writing is this text?A.An exhibition guide.B.An art show review.C.An announcement.D.An official report.解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 本 文 主 要 介 绍 了 The Cambr

9、idge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge 剑 桥 科 技节 的 很 多 信 息 ， 属 于 应 用 文 中 的 通 知 。 也 就 是 让 别 人 知 道 这 件 重 大 活 动 的 情 况 。 故 C 正 确 。答 案 ： C BPassenger pigeons (旅 鸽 )once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群 )so

10、 large that theythe sky for hours. It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they weremore than 3billlion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total birdpopulation in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even aslat

11、e as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wideand 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birdswere most abundant, people believed there was an ever-las

12、ting supply and killed them by thethousands, Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeonshad settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds wereshipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of t

13、he 19th century ,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeonsnested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered (驱 散 ) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and storms contributed to theirdecline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be se

14、en again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons butby then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wi pigeon inthe United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time , a few birdssurvived

15、under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at theCincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19teh centuries, passenger pigeons_.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south ofAmericaC. did great harm to the natural e

16、nvironmentD. were the largest bird population in the US解 析 ： 细 节 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 3,4行 It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of thetotal bird population in the United States, making it p

17、erhaps the most abundant bird in the world.可 知 鸽 子 在 当 时 是 美 国 数 量 最 多 的 鸟 类 。 故 D 正 确 。答 案 ： D25. The underlined word “ undoing” probably refers to the pigeons_. A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 二 段 3,4 行 there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by thethousan

18、ds, Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeonshad settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.可 知 很 多 鸽 子 都 被捕 捉 并 杀 死 卖 往 餐 厅 。 所 以 该 词 应 该 是 指 鸽 子 遇 见 了 毁 灭 性 的 打 击 。 故 B 正 确 。答 案 ： B26. What was the main reason for people

19、to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure.B. To save other birds.C. To make money. D. To protect crops.解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 最 后 一 句 The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.可 知 鸽 子 被 捕 捉 并 背 运 往 大 城 市 卖 给 了 各 个 餐 厅 ， 说 明 人 们 捕 捉 鸽 子 是 为 了 挣 钱 。 故 C 正确 。答 案 ： C27. What ca

20、n we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public.B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair.D. It was strict.解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 根 据 本 段 第 二 行 but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10years. The last confirmed wi pigeon in the United States was shot by a

21、 boy in Pike County, Ohio,in 1900.可 知 虽 然 制 定 了 法 律 ， 但 是 十 年 以 后 还 没 有 看 见 成 规 模 的 很 多 的 鸽 子 ， 说 明 这 部 法 律 的 发 行 已 经 晚 了 。 故 B 正 确 。答 案 ： B CAtypical lion tamer（ 驯 兽 师 ） in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip( 鞭 ) at a chair.The whip gets all of the attention, but its mostly for show. In

22、reality, it the chair that does theimportant work. When a lion tamer holds a chair n front of the lions face, the lion tries to focus onall four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and isunsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options,

23、the lion chooses to freeze andwait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you havesomething you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)only to end upconfused by all of the options in front

24、 of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which optionis been the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflictinginformation. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focuse

25、d on the wrongthings, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could beimproving. It doesnt have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing,. You just need to get started. Startingbef

26、ore you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want togo, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to becometake immediate action. Ifyoure clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or getout of the way.28

27、. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A. To trick the lion.B. To show off his skills.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 一 段 最 后 一 句 When faced with so many options, the lion chooses tofreeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.可 知 把 椅

28、 子 放 在 狮 子 前 面 的 时 候 ， 狮 子 被 椅 子 的 四 条 腿 迷 惑 住 了 ， 不 知 道 该 攻 击 那 一 个 。 所 以 椅 子 起 着 迷 惑 狮 子 的 作 用 。 故 A正 确 。答 案 ： A29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changes.D. They have to d

29、o something for show解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 二 段 How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. loseweight., start a business, travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options in front ofyou and never make progress?可 知 当 我 们 面 临 着 很 多 选 择 的 时 候 ， 我 们 也 会 很 困 惑 ， 不 知 道该 选 择 哪 一 种 。

30、 这 一 点 和 面 对 椅 子 的 狮 子 是 相 似 的 。 故 A 正 确 。答 案 ： A 30. What is the authors attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph3?A. Tolerant.B. Doubtful.C. Respectful.D. Supportive.解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 The end result is that we feel like we cantfocus or that were focusedon the wrong things, and so w

31、e take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when wecould be improving.说 明 作 者 对 于 专 家 有 怀 疑 ， 因 为 我 们 最 后 采 取 的 行 动 较 少 ， 取 得 的 进 步也 小 。 故 B 正 确 。答 案 ： B31. When the world is “ waving a chair in your face”, youre advised to_.A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habits C. make a

32、 quick decisionD. ask for clear guidance解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 根 据 文 章 最 后 一 段 2,3 行 All you need to do is focus on one thing,. You just needto get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.可 知 当 我 们面 对 多 种 选 择 的 时 候 ， 我 们 需 要 的 只 是 立 刻 采 取 行 动 。 故 C 正 确 。 答 案 ： C DAs

33、more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, andArabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spokenaround the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United NationsEducational , Scientific

34、and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO andNational Geographic among themhave for many years been documenting dying languages andthe cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University

35、, who specializes in thelanguages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recentlypublished book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethno linguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a vil

36、lage inNepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeksto include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal,Bhutan, and China . But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappearwithout rec

37、ord.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-includingphotographs, films, tape recordings, and field noteswhich had remained unstudied and werebadly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded the Digital Himalaya Proje

38、ct andthe World Oral Literature Project _Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for theworld available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom thematerials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Tu

39、rin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to_.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations解 析 ： 细 节 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 2,3行 have fo

40、r many years been documenting dying languages and thecultures they reflect.可 知 很 多 学 者 正 在 记 录 这 些 即 将 消 失 的 语 言 和 文 化 。 以 防 止 这 些 语 言 和文 化 永 远 地 消 失 。 他 们 在 挽 救 这 些 文 化 。 故 C 正 确 。答 案 ： B33. What does “that traditionin Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languages.B. Writing books o

41、n language teaching. C. Telling stories about language users.D. Living with the native speaker.解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 二 段 have for many years been documenting dying languages and thecultures they reflect.可 知 很 多 学 者 正 在 记 录 这 些 即 将 消 失 的 语 言 和 文 化 。 以 防 止 这 些 语 言 和文 化 永 远 地 消 失 。 而 Mark Turin 正 在 f

42、ollowing in that tradition（ 追 随 这 样 的 传 统 ） 。 所 以 这 里 的 It 就 是 指 前 面 一 段 里 的 学 者 在 记 录 这 些 即 将 消 失 的 语 言 和 文 化 。 故 A 正 确 。答 案 ： A34. What is Turins book based on?A. The cultural studies.B. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.解 析 ： 细

43、节 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 三 段 中 的 grows out of his experience living, working, and raising afamily in a village in Nepal.这 本 书 的 内 容 出 自 他 在 尼 泊 尔 生 活 ， 工 作 以 及 抚 养 家 人 的 经 历 。说 明 这 本 书 是 以 他 的 个 人 经 历 为 基 础 的 。 故 D 正 确 。答 案 ： D35. Which of the following best describe Turins work?A. Write, sell and donate. B.

44、 Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experiment and report.解 析 ： 推 理 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 四 段 Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a startingpoint for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayanreaches of India , Ne

45、pal, Bhutan, and China .他 一 直 都 在 收 集 这 些 材 料 ； 根 据 文 章 第 五 段 whichhad remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection 可 知 他 在 努 力 这 些 材 料 。再 根 据 文 章 最 后 一 段 the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speechcommunities 可 知 C 项 说 法 是 正 确 的 。答 案 ： C第 二 节 （ 共 5 小 题 ； 每

46、小 题 3 分 ， 满 分 15 分 ）根 据 短 文 内 容 ， 从 短 文 后 的 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项 。 选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项 。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 . By helping them develop classicskills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply cur

47、ious. 37 . Ask kids, “What ingredients (配 料 )can weadd to make these pancakes even better next time ?” and then try them out. Ingredients make thepancakes better? What could we try next time?2. CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new 38 .There are

48、 a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to createsomething new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3. Personal skillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know whats going on inside our own head, but what about other

49、s? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading asituation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 . “Why do you think shes crying?” “Can youtell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, howwould you feel?”4. Self Expression 40 there are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music, acting, drawing, building,photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B.And we cant forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D