专业英语八级词汇-17及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级词汇-17及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Tracing missing persons can take much patient detective work. Buta special kind of private eye can trace the missing ancestors of whole (1) peoples by studying the clues buried by words. These philologists, (2) such as the language detectives are called, have tr

2、aced the word trail (3) back from peoples in Europe, India, South Africa, the Americas, and the (4) Pacific islands in a tiny nameless, and forgotten tribe that roamed central (5) Eurasia 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, before the dawn of writing history. (6) Since a long time scholars puzzled over the st

3、riking difference of (7) words in different languages. In Dutch, vader; in Latin, pater; in old Irish,athir; in Persian, pidar; in the Sanskrit of distant India, itr. These wordsall sounded likely and meant the same thing-father. Where did it (8) happen that widely separated peoples used such close

4、related soundsymbols? The problem baffled linguists for years. The more so because (9) father was but one of a host of such coincidences. Towards the end (10) of the 18th century it dawned on scholars that perhaps all these wordsstemmed from some common language.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项

5、1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expertwith the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even (1) moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. There are manyreasons this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious.

6、But I suggest (2) that the fundamental reason which people in general do not speak (3) foreign languages very much better than they do are that they never (4) fail grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, (5) and consequently never set to tackling it in the right way. Far (6) t

7、oo many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign languageis a skill-one needs careless training of a special kind, (7) and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care ofitself I think even teachers of language, while recognizing theimportance of a good accent, tend to neglec

8、t, in their practicalteaching, the branch of study concerning with (8) speaking the language. So the first point which I want to make is (9) that English pronunciation must be taught; the teachershould be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this,and by his whole attitude to the subject sho

9、uld get the studentto feel that here is a matter worthy receiving his close attention. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_I think it is true to saying that, in general, language teachers (1) have paid little attention to the way sentences are used in combinati

10、onto form stretches of disconnected discourse. They have tended to take (2) their cue from the grammarian and have concentrated to the teaching (3) of sentences as self-contained units. It is true that these are oftenrepresented in contexts and strung together in dialogues andreading passages, but t

11、hese are essentially setting to make the (4) formal properties of the sentences stand out more clearly, propertieswhich are then established in the learners brain by means of practice (5) drill and exercises. Basically, the language teaching unit is the (6) sentence as a formal linguistic object. Th

12、e language teachers view ofwhat that constitutes knowledge of a language is essentially the same (7) as Chomskys knowledge of a syntactic structure of sentences, (8) and of the transformational relations which hold them. Sentencesare seen as paradigmatically rather than syntagmatically related.Such

13、a knowledge provides the basis for the actual use of languageby the speaker-hearer. The assumption that the language appears to (9) make is that once this basis is provided, then the learner will have nodifficulty in the dealing with the actual use of language. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:

14、_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_The changes in language will continue forever, but no one knowssure who does the changing. One possibility is that children are (1) responsible. A professor of linguistic at the University of Hawaii, (2) explores this in one of his recent books. Sometimes around

15、1880, a (3) language catastrophe occurred in Hawaii when thousands of emigrant (4) workers were brought to the islands to work for the new sugarindustry. These people speaking different languages were unable tocommunicate with each other or with the native Hawaiians or thedominant English-speaking o

16、wners of the plantations. So they firstspoke in Pidgin English-the sort of thing such mixed language (5) populations have always done. A pidgin is not really a language at all.It is more like a set of verbal signals used to name objects and (6) without the grammatical rules needed for expressing tho

17、ught andideas. And then, within a single generation, the whole mass of mixedpeople began speaking a totally new tongue: Hawaiian Creole. The (7) new speech was contained ready-made words borrowed from all the (8) original tongues, but beared little or no resemblance to the (9) predecessors in the ru

18、les used for stringing the words together.Although generally regarded as primitive language, Hawaiian Creole (10) had a highly sophisticated grammar.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Scientific and learned English is not merely internationalin using international

19、words. English is frequently used nationallyfor these purposes, as was pointed out in the previous chapter.A scholar in Denmark or Poland or even a vast country as Russia (1) will today often write or at any rate publish in English, because his (2) work will thereby reach for a wider public. This do

20、es not mean that (3) such a scholar has a native-like knowledge of English. In fact, thepreface will usually acknowledge the help of someone who hascorrected and checked the English or even does a good deal of (4) translation. The scholar himself may be very poorly equipped tospeak English or even t

21、o write it, esp. on any subject than his own (5) field of interest. This is that is today called having a restricted or (6) specialized knowledge of English, and we have come to recognizeincreasingly this limited degree of linguistic ability. Few people (7) have the time that is required to master a

22、 full knowledge ofa foreign language and few still would be to make the much (8) practical use of such a language. Indeed, as has already beenimplied, even as native speakers we vary greatly in the amount (9) and variety of fields of discourse in where we feel at home. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项

23、1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级词汇-17答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Tracing missing persons can take much patient detective work. Buta special kind of private eye can trace the missing ancestors of whole (1) peoples by studying the clues buried by words. These philologists, (2) such as

24、 the language detectives are called, have traced the word trail (3) back from peoples in Europe, India, South Africa, the Americas, and the (4) Pacific islands in a tiny nameless, and forgotten tribe that roamed central (5) Eurasia 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, before the dawn of writing history. (6) Si

25、nce a long time scholars puzzled over the striking difference of (7) words in different languages. In Dutch, vader; in Latin, pater; in old Irish,athir; in Persian, pidar; in the Sanskrit of distant India, itr. These wordsall sounded likely and meant the same thing-father. Where did it (8) happen th

26、at widely separated peoples used such close related soundsymbols? The problem baffled linguists for years. The more so because (9) father was but one of a host of such coincidences. Towards the end (10) of the 18th century it dawned on scholars that perhaps all these wordsstemmed from some common la

27、nguage.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：wholeall）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“所有人种”，因此应将意为“整体的”的whole改成意为“所有的”的all。填空项1:_（正确答案：第二个byin）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“研究掩藏在文字中的线索”，因此将介词by改为in。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉such）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“语言学者是人们对语言侦探的称呼”，其中并不包含“例如”(such as)的概念，因此去掉such。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉back）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“从欧洲、印度太平洋诸岛的民族追溯文字的踪迹”，因此去掉back。填

28、空项1:_（正确答案：into）解析：解析 trace.to sth为固定搭配，意为“找出的根源”，与原文相符，因此将名词短语a tiny.tribe之前的介词in改为to。填空项1:_（正确答案：writingwritten）解析：解析 written history为固定搭配，意为“有文字记载的历史”，与原文相符，因此将writing改为written。填空项1:_（正确答案：SinceFor）解析：解析 用于引导一段时间的应该是介词for而非since，since后面经常接一个时间点。填空项1:_（正确答案：likelyalike）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“所有这些单词发音都很像”，

29、因此将意为“很可能”的likely改成意为“相似地”的alike。填空项1:_（正确答案：在baffled之前加has）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“这个问题已经困扰了语言学家很多年”，应该采用现在完成时，因此在动词baffled之前加上助动词has。填空项1:_（正确答案：TowardsAt）解析：解析 原文想要表达的应该是一个时间点，即“18世纪末”，因此将表示倾向的towards改为at。Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expertwith the skill of pronouncing his own

30、 language, but few people are even (1) moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. There are manyreasons this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest (2) that the fundamental reason which people in general do not speak (3) foreign languages very much better than they do

31、 are that they never (4) fail grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, (5) and consequently never set to tackling it in the right way. Far (6) too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign languageis a skill-one needs careless training of a special kind, (7) and on

32、e that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care ofitself I think even teachers of language, while recognizing theimportance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practicalteaching, the branch of study concerning with (8) speaking the language. So the first point which I want to make

33、is (9) that English pronunciation must be taught; the teachershould be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this,and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the studentto feel that here is a matter worthy receiving his close attention. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：within）解析：解析 be expe

34、rt in sth为固定搭配，意为“擅长某事物”，因此将介词with改为in。填空项1:_（正确答案：在reasons之后加for）解析：解析 名词reason常与介词for搭配，表示“的原因”，因此此处要加上介词for。填空项1:_（正确答案：whichwhy）解析：解析 以名词reason为先行词的定语从句通常用关系副词why来引导，因此将which改为why。填空项1:_（正确答案：areis）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“人们说不好外语的根本原因是”，该部分的主语是单数名词reason，因此系动词要用is，而非are。填空项1:_（正确答案：在fail之后加to）解析：解析 动词fai

35、l通常接动词不定式作宾语，因此要在两个动词fail和grasp之间加上to。填空项1:_（正确答案：在set后加about）解析：解析 set about为固定搭配，意为“开始，着手”，与原文刚好相符。填空项1:_（正确答案：carelesscareful）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“许多人没有意识到外语发音是一种技巧，需要进行特殊的仔细训练”，因此应将意为“粗心的”的careless改成意为“仔细的”的careful。填空项1:_（正确答案：concerningconcerned）解析：解析 be concerned with为固定搭配，意为“关于”，be作名词的后置定语时相当于(whic

36、h is) concerned with，因此此处将concerning改为concerned。填空项1:_（正确答案：whichthat）解析：解析 先行词中如果出现序数词first，定语从句的关系代词就要用that而非which。填空项1:_（正确答案：在worthy之后加of）解析：解析 worthy of为固定搭配，意为“值得的，应得的”，与原文相符。I think it is true to saying that, in general, language teachers (1) have paid little attention to the way sentences ar

37、e used in combinationto form stretches of disconnected discourse. They have tended to take (2) their cue from the grammarian and have concentrated to the teaching (3) of sentences as self-contained units. It is true that these are oftenrepresented in contexts and strung together in dialogues andread

38、ing passages, but these are essentially setting to make the (4) formal properties of the sentences stand out more clearly, propertieswhich are then established in the learners brain by means of practice (5) drill and exercises. Basically, the language teaching unit is the (6) sentence as a formal li

39、nguistic object. The language teachers view ofwhat that constitutes knowledge of a language is essentially the same (7) as Chomskys knowledge of a syntactic structure of sentences, (8) and of the transformational relations which hold them. Sentencesare seen as paradigmatically rather than syntagmati

40、cally related.Such a knowledge provides the basis for the actual use of languageby the speaker-hearer. The assumption that the language appears to (9) make is that once this basis is provided, then the learner will have nodifficulty in the dealing with the actual use of language. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1

41、:_（正确答案：sayingsay）解析：解析 此处的to为不定式的标志词，因此后面应该接动词原形，故将saying改为say。填空项1:_（正确答案：disconnectedconnected）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“句子组合构成连贯的表达”，因此将意为“不连贯的”的disconnected改成意为“有联系的”的connected。填空项1:_（正确答案：toon）解析：解析 concentrate on为固定搭配，意为“集中，全神贯注于”，与原文相符。填空项1:_（正确答案：settingset）解析：解析 set与these应为被动关系，因此将setting改为set。填空项1:_

42、（正确答案：brainmind）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是抽象的“思维”概念，而非具体的“大脑”概念，因此将brain改为mind。填空项1:_（正确答案：drilldrills）解析：解析 并列连词and连接的应该是形式并列的两个部分，因此可数名词drill应该和之后的exercises一样采用复数形式。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉that）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“语言教师对构成语言知识的内容的看法”，其中what可以理解为all that，因此去掉表意重复的that。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉a）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“乔姆斯基有关句子的句法结构的知识”，因此应去掉表泛指的

43、不定冠词a。填空项1:_（正确答案：在language之后加teacher）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“语言教师想要提出的假设是一旦学生们被提供该基础，那么他们在语言的实际应用上就不会有困难”，因此在language之后加上teacher。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉dealing之前的the）解析：解析 have difficulty in doing sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，因此去掉现在分词dealing之前的定冠词the。The changes in language will continue forever, but no one knowssure who does the changing. One possibi