职称英语理工类A级-53及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A 级-53 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Will you please call my husband as soon as possible?A. contact B. consult C. phone D. visit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.We have to put up with her behavior.A. tolerate B. accept C. swallow D. take（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.They have given up th

2、e hope to save their friend from drowning.A. ended B. abandoned C. built D. strengthen（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.I seldom watch TV.A. rarely B. frequently C. normally D. occasionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The dentist has decided to take out the girls bad tooth.A. dig B. draw C. pull D. extract（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6

3、.Ants always put food away in Autumn.A. store B. steal C. eat D. carry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.I recommend you buy a computer.A. force B. advise C. ask D. require（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.You should soon regain your appetite.A. keep B. lose C. recover D. get（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Helen will leave immediately.A. far

4、away B. right away C. right here D. soon（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.We resolved the problem after group discussion.A. caused B. met C. solved D. posed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.A. competitive B. diligent C. qualified D. equal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1

5、2.He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.A. hot-tempered B. healthy C. friendly D. patient（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously.A. adhered to B. abandoned C. applied D. adopted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The curi

6、ous look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.A. difficult B. worried C. anxious D. unhappy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.A. resumed B. put an end to C. suspended D. re-schedule（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Sonic Devic

7、eThe other day, Dr. Robert Smith, who is blind, took a remarkable stroll through the campus of the University of California at Santa Barbara. As Dr. Smith walked along the campus, places and impediments (障碍物) in his path seemed to call out their names to him, “library here, library here“, “bench her

8、e, bench here“.Dr. Smith was testing a prototype (样机) navigation system for the blind that announced the surrounding objects through stereo headphones that were mounted to a computer in his back-pack (背包), creating virtual reality landscape (仿真景象). The information came not from some miniature radar

9、but from the signals broadcast by the militarys network of global positioning satellites (全球定位卫星). One day, its developers hope, miniaturized (小型化) versions of this navigation device, which now weighs 28 pounds, will help the blind navigate unfamiliar neighborhoods.“With this system you do not need

10、to know a thing in advance about where you are going,“ said Dr. Roberta Klatzky, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University who is working with Dr. Smith to develop the navigating device. Dr. Michael Oberdor of the National Eye Institute said, “A blind person could walk down the street and know no

11、t just that he was at 80th and Broadway, but what stores are around, and that Zabars delicatessen (熟食店) was up ahead. This navigation system tells you not just where there are obstacles, but your overall location geographically.“ It lets blind users construct a mental map of new surroundings and lea

12、rn their way around.The navigation system uses signals from a computerized map to create a “virtual acoustic display (仿真声音显示)“. This is a talking map in which large objects seem to announce themselves in the headphones with the precise timing and loudness that would be the case if the objects were a

13、ctually making a sound. This allows the blind person to sense immediately his or her distance or direction, and use that information for guidance. While no one knows whether it is because blind people tend to develop a sharper sense of hearing. Those who have tried the system say that they quickly a

14、dapt to locating an object through the sounds. “One of the crucial features of this system is that it takes advantage of sensory psychophysics (感官心理物理学)how the brain interprets signals from outside to make a map of your surroundings so you can navigate, “ Dr. Oberdor said.（分数：7.00）(1).Thanks to the

15、help of this sonic device, blind people can hear obstacles in the way speaking out their names.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Dr. Smith hopes to make this device smaller so as to help the blind navigate unfamiliar places.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Alth

16、ough this device will be useful, most of the blind may not afford it.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).According to Dr. Oberdor, this device can lead the blind people to the exact place he/she wants to go.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The blind can hear bett

17、er than ordinary people.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Scientists intend to reduce the weight of this device to ten pound.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Sensory psychophysics play a vital part in the invention of this device.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentio

18、ned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Electromagnetic Energy1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is pos

19、sible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3. Man

20、y other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared a

21、nd visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (红外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements fo

22、r normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to r

23、eveal broken bones.4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Ot

24、her generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with elec

25、tromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared wi

26、th chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦).6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to

27、generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns EnergyB. The Most Important Source of EnergyC. Types of Electromagnetic

28、EnergyD. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat CancerE. Seeking New Sources of EnergyF. Nuclear Energy is Beginning to Compete with CoalParagraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. electromagnetic energyB. electr

29、omagnetic energy travels through spaceC. came from the sunD. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeE. when the sunrays are fierceF. chemical energy is generatedVisible light that produce warmth is an example of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).We can use energy from the sun because _.（分数：1.00）填空项

30、1:_(7).The energy stored in coal _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8)._ when electron rearrangement takes place.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Peel WatchSwimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Pre

31、vention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowni

32、ng.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards pager. “In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months,“ says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Te

33、chnologies.Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories (轨道，轨线). To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of

34、 the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around,“ says McQuade.The software does this by “projecting“ a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the

35、shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to desc

36、end slowly is added to the softwares “pre-alert“ list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pools floo

37、r texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen.The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, invent

38、or of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming poolsand he was once an underwater escapologist (表演脱身术的人) with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,“ he says. But he adds that any local authority spending 230,000plus on a Poseidon system ought

39、to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.（分数：15.00）(1).AI means the same as _.A. an imageB. an ideaC. anyone in the waterD. artificial intelligence（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is required of AI software to save a life?A. It must be able to swim.B. It must keep walking round the pool

40、.C. It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.D. It can save a life within a few months.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How does Poseidon save a life?A. He plunges into the pool.B. It alerts the lifeguard.C. He cries for help.D. It rushes to the pool.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statemen

41、ts about Trevor Baylis is NOT true?A. He runs.B. He invented the clockwork radio.C. He was once an entertainer.D. He runs a company.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “considered“ in Paragraph 5 could be best replaced by _.A. thoughtB. ratedC. regardedD. believed（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)“Hid

42、den“ Species May Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic (隐蔽的，隐藏的) speciesanimals that appear identical but are genetically quite distantmay be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity (生物多样性) estimates and wildlife management,

43、 to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA (脱氧核糖核酸) sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt, Germa

44、ny, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical (生物地理学的) regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predomin

45、antly found in insects and reptiles (爬行动物), and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate (温带的) regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered,“ says Pfenninger. Unt

46、il the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon (分类单元) is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. “It could be as high as 30%,“ Pfenninger says.“Im extremely surprised by their results, “ says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada

47、. “Its a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. “Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be

48、 able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding (非杂交繁殖的) species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The

49、species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused, attempts