职称英语理工类A级-50及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级-50 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.Aexplained Binvented Cconsidered Daccepted（分数：1.00）_2.He talks tough but has a tender heart.Aheavy Bmild Ckind Dwild（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.It is no use debating the r

2、elative merits of this policy.Amaking Btaking Cdiscussing Dexpecting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.Awaste Bbuy Cuse Dsell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.Afunction Bability Cpower Dvolume（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Our

3、 lives are intimately bound up with theirs.Atensely Bnearly Ccarefully Dclosely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.Asupported Bexcited Cinspired Ddirected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The book provides a concise analysis of the countrys history.Aclean Bperfect Creal Dbrief（分数：1.00）A.B.C

4、.D.9.It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.Asuggested Bwarned Cstated Ddescribed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The council meeting terminated at 2 oclock.Abegan Bcontinued Cended Dresumed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Ared flag was placed there as a token of da

5、nger.Asign Bsubstitute Cproof Dtarget（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.Areluctant Beager Cpleased Dangry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.Amanag

6、e Bcontrol Crevise Doutset（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.Adeny Binvestigate Cstress Dcreate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.Agradua

7、lly Bsuddenly Cexcessively Dexceptionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A Dolphin and an AstronomerOne day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins com

8、municate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back.The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twic

9、e before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word “more“. The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident. “Oh, yes. Thats one of the words he knows,“ the

10、 director said, showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. So

11、und travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a “language“, in the real sense of the word? Scientists dont agree on this.A lang

12、uage is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example, the two questions “Who loves Mary?“ and “Who does Mary love?“ mean very different things. If you stop to think

13、about it, you will see that this difference doesnt come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question “Can dolphins speak?“ cant be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects t

14、heir meaning.（分数：7.00）(1).The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Parts of the dolphins brain

15、 are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00

16、）A.B.C.(6).All scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Weight ExperimentNi

17、cola Waiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a “calorimeter“ (热量测量室) is one way to find out .1The signs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One“ and “Chamber Two“. These are the calorimeters: 4m by

18、2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads “Please do not enterwork in progress“ and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed

19、through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.2Nicola Waiters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with he

20、r training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.3The experiment on Nicola

21、 involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted

22、too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.4The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took

23、one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,“ says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didnt go too fast.5It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others sat

24、isfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up

25、 for further sessions.（分数：8.00）(1).AWhat does the calorimeter look like inside?BWhat program was designed for the experiment?CWhat is a calorimeter?DWhat is the first impression?EHow do the volunteers kill the time?FWhy did Nicola join in the experiments?Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2

26、_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Athe volunteers doBbecause she does not have a weight problemCbecause the life there can be very boringDmake people overeatEbecause she was her own bossFafter passing a high-protein testThe machinery outside the c

27、alorimeters records everything _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Nicola Waiters had time for the experiments _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The experiments show that high-fat diets _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数

28、：1，分数：15.00)“Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biol

29、ogical Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants t

30、o survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics,

31、mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (

32、蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that ta

33、ke in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells but do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteri

34、stics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the

35、following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?AThey are students at Sussex University.BThey are rice breeders.CThey are husband and wife.DThey are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Flowers and Yeo have started a programmeAto find ways to prevent water pollutio

36、n.Bto identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.Cto breed rice plants that taste salty.Dto find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?ANatural barriers to sea water have been dest

37、royed.BThe water table has gone down after droughts.CSea level has been continuously rising.DEvaporation of water leaves salt behind.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “affect“ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced byA “influence“. B“effect“.C “stop“. D “present“.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The attitude of the

38、author towards the research project isApositive. Bnegative.Csuspicious. Dindifferent.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Living with ComputerAfter too long on the Net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriends Liverpudlian accent suddenly becomes hard to understand after the clarity of his w

39、ords on screen; a secretarys tone seems more rejecting than Id imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluidhours become minutes, and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days.For the last three years, since I stopped working as a

40、producer for Charlie Rose, I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter (远程交谈者). I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet mailing lists. My boyfriend lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.If I desired, I could stay inside f

41、or weeks without wanting anything. I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched most of the blizzard (风) of 96 on TV.But after a while, life itself beg

42、ins to feel unreal. I start to feel as though Ive merged with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another node (节点) on the Net. Others on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. Its like attending an A.A. meeting in a bar wi

43、th everyone holding a half-sipped drink. We have become the Net opponents worst nightmare.What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with

44、 cyber-interaction (网上交流), coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter in the background, something that Id never done previously. The voices of the programs soothe (安危) me, but then Im jarred (使感不快) by the commercials. I find my

45、self sucked in by soap operas, or compulsively (强制性地) needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather. “Dateline,“ “Frontline,“ “Nightline,“ CNN, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work moves from foreground to background.

46、（分数：15.00）(1).Compared with the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent isAobscure. Bdistinct.Cunreal. Dmisleading.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The passage implies that the writer and her boyfriend live inAEngland. Bdifferent countries.Cthe same city. Dthe same country.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Living

47、 alone in a house, the writer seems toAhave totally forgotten her work.Bbe afraid of her neighbors.Cget some comfort from TV programs.Dhave gone crazy.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We learn from the passage that the writerAis fed up with the Net opponents.Bprefers people to the computer.Cis addicted to the c

48、omputer.Ddoes not like human contact.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The phrase “coming back out of the cave“ in the fifth paragraph meansA“coming back home“.B“giving up the present job“.C“living a luxurious life“.D“restoring real human contact“.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Body ClockWhy is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up wit