职称英语理工类A级-49及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级-49 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I am sure to tell you that theres no danger.A. ensure B. assureC. insure D. secure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.We explored the possibility of closer trade links at the conference.A. rejected B. investigatedC. proposed D. postponed（分数：1.00

2、）A.B.C.D.3.He achieved success through hard work.A. reached B. reaped C. attained D. took（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician. Adoctor Bprofessor Cphysicist Dresident（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Argument among the speakers at the conference is bordering on violence.A.

3、 is close to B. is besideC. is next to D. is alongside（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It is pleased for me to have met you here.A. a pity B. glad C. sad D. unwilling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Living in different cities, Linda and Lisa are still intimate friends.A. close B. good C. friendly D. poor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Thro

4、ughout most of their lives, human beings perpetually learn and increase their mental capacities.A. actually B. readily C. finally D. constantly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.I have extreme sense of happiness at this moment.A. hope B. wish C. feeling D. dream（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Five minutes left, the outcome of

5、the match was still in doubt.A. result B. judgment C. decision D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A. waste B. buyC. use D. sell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The game requires us to find out two simple but effective ways to solve this problem.A.

6、 efficient B. cleverC. stupid D. easy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.If we leave now，we should miss the traffic Adirect Bstop Cmix Davoid（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Many visitors find the tempo of life here very difficult.A. kind B. growthC. speed D. spectacle（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Customers often defer payment for as lon

7、g as possible.A. make B. demand C. postpone D. obtain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Changes in MuseumsMuseums have changed. They are no longer places that one “should“ visit, they are places to enjoy and learn.At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end a

8、s harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan (成都市的) Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music. At New Yorks American Museum of Natural History recently, you can help make a bone-by-bone reproduction of t

9、he museums dinosaur(恐龙), a beast that lived 200 million years age.More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen

10、, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use i

11、t to best advantage.One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates, Leon F. Twiggs, a young black professor of art once said, “Th

12、ey see things in a new and different way. They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate(参加) in. “The same is true of science and history.（分数：7.00）(1).When visiting museums nowadays, people can take part in many activities.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentio

13、ned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).New Yorks American Museum of Natural History is opened recently.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).In science museums nowadays visitors are not allowed to touch or operate the objects on display.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).In science m

14、useums today, people no longer feel strange in the world of science but gain scientific knowledge by themselves.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).In America today, all science museums are open to the public and free.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).People can a

15、fford to got the modern museums since they have more time now.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Young people who are well-educated like the art they can participate in.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A. that persons healthB. a scientific

16、answerC. scientific researchersD. the genesE. the functionF. the size（分数：4.00）(1).The Human Genome Project is trying to map all _ that make us human.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Decoding the human genome is a challenge to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Genetic mutations in a persons genome may affect_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_

17、(4).Scientists are trying hard to discover _ of each of the genes in our body.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. Formation of icebergB. Iceberg is beautifulC. Color of icebergD. Iceberg is dangerousE. Iceberg is mysteriousF. Classification of iceberg（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.0

18、0）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U.S. Blacks Hard-hit by CancerDeath rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer S

19、ociety said Monday.In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.This could be because of unequal (不平等的) access to medical care, because blacks are more likely to have other d

20、iseases as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology (生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added.“In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,“ the report said.“In describing cancer sta

21、tistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care.“The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups (体格检查) earlier, when cancer is more t

22、reatable, and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role.“The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts,“ the organization said in a statement.But it also noted a drop

23、 in cancer death rates.“Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as have incidence rates (发生率),“ said the report.（分数：15.00）(1).Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer thanA. people in other countries.B. white Americans.C.

24、 all other Americans.D. their ancestors.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?A. Unequal access to medical care.B. Greater probability of having other diseases.C. Differences in the biology of the cancer.D. Early diagnosis.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).C

25、ancer is more treatable if it is detectedA. in an early stage.B. in a late stage.C. all of a sudden.D. together with other diseases.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Public policy and education efforts may help to do away withA. death rates.B. various cancers.C. unfair social differences.D. biological difference

26、s.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Since 1992, cancer death rates among black AmericansA. have been going up and down.B. have remained stable.C. have increased.D. have fallen.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Animal Testing ControversyTo paraphrase 18thcentury statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for

27、 the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. “ One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the

28、 public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,

29、 many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines, Asked if s

30、he opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes. “ Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. “ Such well-meaning peop

31、le just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation

32、, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and

33、present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because t

34、he ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing

35、there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.（分数：15.00）(1).The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.A. call on scientists to take some actionsB. criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC. warn of the doom of

36、 biomedical researchD. show the triumph of the animal rights movement（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _.A. cruel but naturalB. inhuman and unacceptableC. inevitable but viciousD. pointless and wasteful（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The example of the grandmo

37、therly woman is used to show the publics _.A. discontent with animal researchB. ignorance about medical scienceC. indifference to epidemicsD. anxiety about animal rights（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.A. commun

38、icate more with the publicB. employ hi-tech means in researchC. feel no shame for their causeD. strive to develop new cures（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.A. a well-known humanist B. a medical practitionerC. an enthusiast in animal rights D. a supporter of animal

39、 research（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagu

40、es find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant moun

41、ts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming.In its experiments, Kepplers team use

42、d sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging

43、from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. ( One nanogram is a billionth of a gram. ) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.Living pl

44、ants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally m

45、ake methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.The new finding is an “interesting observation,“ says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist at

46、the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plants influence, she notes.（分数：15.00）(1).What was scientists understanding of methane?A. It wa

47、s produced from plants.B. It was not a greenhouse gas.C. It was produced in oxygen-free environments.D. It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists createdA. a oxygen-free environment.B. an environment with the

48、same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.C. a carbon dioxide-free environment.D. an environment filled with the greenhouse gas.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?A. The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissio

49、ns.B. Living plants release less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.C. When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.D. The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?A. Plants growing in soil release methane.B. Plants growin