职称英语理工类A级-48及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A 级-48 及答案解析(总分：104.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Why cant you stop your eternal complaining?A. long B. everlasting C. temporary D. boring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal w

2、ith environment problems.A. list B. forbid C. handle D. investigate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The architecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey high.A. old-fashioned B. traditionalC. conventional D. balanced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.A. se

3、crets B. detailsC. benefits D. words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.These programmes are of immense value to old people.A. natural B. fatalC. tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle.A. fatal B. hatefulC. good D. useful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The Group of Seven, a clique of

4、 Canadian artists painting at the turn of the century, has been credited with arousing a widespread awareness of Canadas rugged landscape.A. stimulating B. prolonging C. glorifying D. encouraging（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It took us a long time to mend the house.A. build B. destroy C. design D. repair（分数：1.

5、00）A.B.C.D.9.The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data.A. build up B. put up C. make up D. clear up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.“Im not meddling,“ Mary said mildly. “Im just curious.“A. gently B. shyly C. weakly D. sweetly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.A will is a document written to ensure that the wishes

6、 of the deceased (已故的) are realized.A. fulfilled B. accepted C. adopted D. received（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The painter Les Quinones, whose graffiti art has been exhibited in New York galleries, has also painted outdoor murals in various Manhattan neighborhoods.A. sold B. shown C. kept D. praised（分数：1.00

7、）A.B.C.D.13.This remarkable technology provides far greater clarity than conventional x-ray.A. accuracy B. precision C. degree D. correctness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad.A. on the air B. henceforth C. nearby D

8、. in foreign countries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.He was a very cute boy but now he seems to have no interest in anything.A. clever B. honest C. brave D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Radiocarbon DatingNowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called

9、 radiocarbon (放射), or carbon-14, dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened.Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six proton

10、s (质子) and six neutrons (中子) in its nucleus(原子核). Carbon-14,or C-14,is a radioactive,unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons. It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay(衰减). This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.In

11、 Libbys radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions (放射)from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated.Carbon-14 is produced in the Earths atmosph

12、ere when nitrogen(氮)-14,or N-14,interacts with cosmie rays(宇宙射线). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently,C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmo

13、sphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子)that contain carbon atoms coming from the atraosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms

14、in their tissues(组织). Once an organism(有机体)dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already ,resent begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating,the fewer C-14 atoms in a

15、 sample,the older that sample is.（分数：7.00）(1).Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).An atom of ord

16、inary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years.A. Right B

17、. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).When an organism dies,the C-14 in it begins to decay.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：12.00)A. Airport servicesB. Tr

18、aining of pilotsC. Beginning periodD. Rapid growth in the U. S.E. DevelopmentF. Competition（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_The Price of Idleness1Electrical devices such as CD players, vidoes

19、and burglar alarms are consuming more energy in standby mode than when they are actually being used.2Maria Sanchez and her colleagues from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, tested more than 50 small electrical applicances, from computers to doorbells, electric mower

20、s, VCRs, and pool pumps. In the current issue of Energy Policy, they report that about half of all consumer electronics energy is used in standby mode. This costs American consumers 1 billion a year in wasted energy.3The researchers say that while electronic devices are lying dormant(休眠状态),running t

21、heir clocks, maintaining internal memories or displaying their settings, they consume aroud 40 terawatt hours of electricity in the U.S. every year-enough to power a city such as Chicago or London. Many machines use almost as much power on standby as when working. For example, it takes 15 watts to p

22、lay a typical CD, but an average of 11 watts to keep it on standby. Satellite TV systems use 14 watts when active and 14 watts on standby. Given the long hours these systems spend idling, each uses far more power in standby mode than when actually working.4“Bad design is largely to blame,“ says Sanc

23、hez. In a separate survey of CD players last year, her colleague Wolfgang Huber found that two machines with similar features used 28 watts and 2 watts respectively on standby. “For most products, we believe that standby power can be reduced to one watt or less,“ says Sanchez.5She backs proposals to

24、 set up a national labeling system to promote machines that meet this standard. Such a system could reduce standby power consumption in the U.S. by 50 per cent, says coauthor Alan Meier-more than 20 terawatt hours per year. Last month, electronics company Philips announced the launch of a device tha

25、t can dramatically reduce the power used in standby mode.（分数：8.00）(1).Satellite TV systems use 14 watts _.A bad designB the total energy of the countryC power a large cityD the most energyE wasted energyF stand-by power consumption（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The energy wasted by the electronic devices in th

26、e U.S. is sufficient to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).It is found that power waste is mainly caused by _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Philips have started to develop a device that can greatly reduce _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 2 _A Factors Leading to Energy WasteB Home AppliancesC Propsals to Cut Energy Consumpt

27、ionD Energy Consumption TestE Terawatt HoursF Nonessential Electricity Use（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Arctic MeltEarths North and South Poles are famous for being c

28、old and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decad

29、e has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million sq

30、uare kilometers. Thats 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And its a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concerned.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an

31、oceanographer at the University of Washington at Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the

32、 past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5 warmer than average and 1.5 warmer than the previous record high.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice

33、is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by seasons end.The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have

34、 seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N. H.Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the follo

35、wing is closest in meaning to the word “build“ in the first sentence of the second paragraph?A. constructB. extendC. createD. expand（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the ice cover in the Arctic by the end of 2007 summer?A. 4.2 million square kilometersB. 11.4 million square kilometersC. 1.13 million squa

36、re kilometersD. 38 million square kilometers（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What are the reasons for the ice melting according to the scientists?A. strong winds and clear skiesB. long summer and short winterC. open water and thin iceD. light clouds and light winds（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why is the ice melting fro

37、m both above and below?A. Because extra heat warms the air.B. Because extra heat warms the water.C. Because the temperature above the water is higher.D. Both A and B.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can be a possible title for the passage?A. What are scientists looking for in the Arctic Ocean?B. What are s

38、cientists doing in the Arctic Ocean?C. Why are scientists worrying about the Arctic Ocean?D. Why are scientists interested in the Arctic Ocean?（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A Phone That Knows Youre BusyIts a modern problem: Youre too busy to be disturbed by incessant (连续不断的) phone calls so y

39、ou turn your cellphone off. But if you dont remember to turn it back on when youre less busy, you could miss some important calls. If only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you, you wouldnt have to turn it off at all. Instead, it could let calls through when you are not too busy.A bunch o

40、f behavior sensors (传感器) and a clever piece of software could do just that, by analyzing your behavior to determine if its a good time to interrupt you. If built into a phone, the system may decide youre too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.James Fogarty and Scott Hudson

41、 at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system on tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones strongly predict whether your mind is interrupted.The potential “busyness“ signal

42、s they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed, the time of day, if other people were with the person in question, how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use.The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were a

43、t work. At random intervals, the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from “highly interruptible“ to “highly not-interruptible“. Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors. “It is a shotgun (随意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think of and t

44、hen let statistics find out which were important,“ says Hudson.The model showed that using the keyboard, and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.Interestingly, the computer was actually better tha

45、n people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted. The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time, humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message, whereas computers dont care.T

46、he first application for Hudson and Fogartys system is likely to be in an instant messaging system, followed by office phones and cellphones. “There is no technological roadblock (障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years,“ says Hudson.（分数：15.00）(1).A big problem facing people today is thatAthey

47、 must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls.Bthey must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.Cthey have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone.Dthey are too busy to make phone calls.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The behavior sensor and software system built in a phoneAcould hel

48、p store messages.Bcould send messages instantly.Ccould tell when it is wise to interrupt you.Dcould identify important phone calls.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Scientists at Camegie Mellon University tried to find outAwhy office doors were often left open.Bwhen it was a good time to turn off the computer.Cwhat questions office workers were bothered with.Dwhich behaviors could tell whether a person was busy.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).During the experiment, the subjects were askedAto control the sensors and the camera.Bto rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.Cto compare their behavio