职称英语理工类A级-47及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A级-47 及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A. possible B. profitable C. easy D. wise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.While attempting to find a new route to India, Columbus discovered America by accident.A. sailing B. failing C. tryi

2、ng D. hoping（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Prohibition in the United States ushered in an era of crime and corruption.A. introduced B. caused C. used D. upset（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.Asmiling BlaughingCshouting Dstaring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The very north and south regions are

3、 covered with ice and snow.A. areas B. rocks C. mountains D. districts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.He was said to have been removed from the position of manager for a recent conflict with an important customer.A. dismissed B. released C. picked D. exposed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The solid facts he provided in his s

4、peech left a deep impression on his audience.A. strong B. entire C. reliable D. hard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The most prominent characteristic of handwriting is undoubtedly letter formation and slant.A. presumably B. in many cases C. surely D. without bias（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.We were all there when the acci

5、dent occurred.A. happened B. broke C. spread D. appeared（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The project required ten years of diligent research Ahardworking Bbasic Csocial Dscientific（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The change in that village was miraculous. A. amazing B. conservative C. insignificant D. unforgettable（分数：1.00）A

6、.B.C.D.12.Ms Hawkins handles the companys accounts.A. deals with B. deals in C. holds on D. holds out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night.A. awkward B. strange C. stupid D. awful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We cant take more than 100 guests.A. hold B. set C. let D. catch（分数：1

7、.00）A.B.C.D.15.Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F. Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.A. duly B. finally C. later D. therefore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Plants in DesertOnly special plants can su

8、rvive the terrible climate of a desert, for these are regions when the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75. Furthermore, during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plans from the sun s ray. Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds that driv

9、e small, sharp particles of sand into the plants,earing and damaging them. The most difficult probiem for all forms of plant life, however, is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by exist

10、ing through the long, hot, dry season in the form of seeds. These seeds remain inactive unless the fight amount ofrain falls. If no rain falls, or if insufficient rain falls, they wait until the next year, or even still the next. Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that the

11、ir life cycles are short. By the time the water from the spring rains disappears just a few weeks after it falls such plants no longer need any.The perennials (多年生植物) have special features that enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus, nearly all desert perennials have extensive root

12、 systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in short time. The small shoot system, on the other hand, considerably limits water loss by evaporation.Another feature of many perennials is that after the rainy

13、 season they 10se their leaves in preparation for the long, dry season, just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation (蒸发) duing the dry season. Then, in next rainy season, they come fully alive once more, and grow new branch

14、es, leaves and flowers, just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.（分数：7.00）(1).Ordinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Grasses and flowers in desert are unable to survive because they stay in

15、 the form of seeds to wait for the right amount of water to come.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Grasses and flowers in the desert whose life cycles are short shows their ability to adapt to the quick disappearance of rainwater there after it falls in spring.A. Right B. Wrong C.

16、 Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Winter is the toughest season for the grasses and flowers to survive.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The shoot system of perennials can help the plants absorb less of the sun s ray.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).The theme of

17、 the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Desert perennials lose their leaves after the rainy season just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in wetter climates because winter arrives, but the rea

18、sons for this features are different.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)A new drug shows hope of conquering a form of leukemia by targeting the misbehaving cells two summers ago Douglas Jenson was so wiped out from battling chronic myelogenous(骨髓性的) leuk

19、emia(白血病) (CML) that he could do little more than sit by his window; watching the numbers on a thermometer rise and fall with the sun. Today thanks to an experimental drug called STI571 (brand name: Glivec), Jenson 67, is biking in Oregon and planning a trip to the Caribbean. “I feel wonderful,“ he

20、says.2. So do his doctors. STI571, a “smart bomb“ drug that targets leukemia cells without harming healthy ions, first made headlines last year when researchers announced that white blood counts had returned to normal in 31 out of 31 patients who had taken the pill. Last week scientists were hack re

21、porting new data on just over 1000 patients. In one trial, more than 90 % of 532 people on the drug saw counts return to normal. And under microscopic examination, 28 percent showed no evidence of cancer left in their bone marrow.3. The drug even helped, although not as dramatically, some patients i

22、n the final “blast“ phase of the disease, when survival is measured in months. STI571“has ignited the cancer-research field“, says Dr Brian Druker, an Oregan Health Sciences University researcher who developed the drug with manufacturer Novartis.4. CML, diagnosed in 5100 Americans every year, is tri

23、ggered when two chromosomes swap fragments of genetic information. CML starts with the mistaken swap of genes between two chromosomes. The resulting “Philadelphia chromosome“ produces the mutant Bcr-Abl protein. Bcr-Abl transfers a phosphate from the chemical messenger ATP to other proteins. They in

24、itiate a flawed signal to white blood cells to replicate incessantly.5. STI571 returns blood counts back to normal for those patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) in a “smart bomb way“ by targeting the protein that sends the message to make the white blood cells. Bone marrow transplants ca

25、n work extremely well, but they re applicable only for a minority of patients; otherwise, standard treatment is the injectable drug interferon. Many patients, however, cannot tolerate the adverse effects, which include severe fatigue, weight loss and depression. The new pill works by deactivating th

26、e cancer cells growth signal. Side effects- nausea, eye puffiness, muscle aches have been relatively mild so far.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3._（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4._（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5._（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6._A. Personal Effect on One PatientB. Its Potential for Disease

27、Suffers in the Most Serious Stages of Their IllnessC. Reserch Evidence That the Drug Is EffectiveD. Why the Drug Is More Effective Than Other TreatmentsE. How CML OccursF. Work Needed to Be Done to Confirm the Drugs Potential（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The evidence is strong (90% success rate) _.（分数：1.00）填空

28、项 1:_(6).Interferon treatment causes_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The drug will probably be approved _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Side effects of the drug _.A. the success rate was much lessB. from one trialC. next yearD. severe fatigue, weight loss and depressionE. seem to be not so seriousF. harm healthy ions（分数

29、：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Television CameraThe television camera is rather like the human eye. Both the eye and the camera have a lens, and both produce a picture on a screen. In each case the picture is made up of millions of spots of light.Let us see how the

30、eye works. When we look at an object-a person, a house, or whatever it may be, we do not see all the details of the object in one piece. We imagine that we do, but this is not the case. In fact, the eye builds up the picture for us in our brain, which controls our sight, in millions of separate part

31、s, and although we do not realize it, all these details are seen separately. This is what happens when we look at something. Beams of light of different degrees of intensity, re-fleeted from all parts of the object, strike the lens of the eye. The lens then gathers together the spots of light from t

32、hese beams and focuses them on to a light-sensitive plate-the retina-at the back of the eyeball. In this way, an image of the object is produced on the retina in the form of a pattern of lights. The retina contains millions of minute light-sensitive elements, each of which is separately connected to

33、 the brain by a tiny fiber in the optic nerve. These nerve fibers, working independently, pick out minute details from the image on the retina and torn the small spots of light into nerve impulses of different strengths. They then transmit these impulses to the brain. They do this all at the same ti

34、me. All the details of the image are fed to the brain, and as we have taught our brain to add them together correctly, we see a clear picture of the object as a whole.Television, which means vision at a distance, operates on a similar principle. A television picture is built up in thousands of separ

35、ate parts. Beams of light reflect from the subject being televised strike the lens of the television camera, which corresponds to the lens of the eye. The camera lens gathers together the spots of light from these beams and focuses an image of the subject on to a plate, the surface of which is coate

36、d with millions of photo-electric elements sensitive to light. The spots of light forming the image on the plate cannot be transmitted as light. So they are temporarily converted by an electronic device into millions of electrical impulses ; that is, into charges of electricity. These electrical imp

37、ulses are then sent through space on a wireless wave to the homes of the viewers. They are picked up by the aerials and conveyed to the receivers to the television set. There, they are finally converted back into the spots of light that make up the picture on the television screen.（分数：15.00）(1).We a

38、re told that the television resembles the human eye in_.A. one way B. two waysC. three ways D. four ways（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT true according to the writer?A. The eye produces a picture on a screen.B. We see all the details of an object in one piece.C. Our sight is contro

39、lled by our brain.D. The picture is made up of millions of spots of light.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).All the raps of light reflected from objects are_.A. of the same intensityB. of varying intensityC. to some degree intenseD. not at all intense（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The nerve fibers connecting these light-s

40、ensitive elements to the brain_.A. all work togetherB. help each otherC. work independentlyD. work in small groups（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which process is correct to make up pictures on the television?A. beams of light-lens of the television camera-an electronic device-electric impulses-aerials-receive

41、rs-picturesB. beams of light-lens of the television camera-a plate-an electronic device-electric impulses-receivers-aerials-picturesC. beams of light-a plate-an electronic device-aerials-electric impulses-receivers-picturesD. beams of light-lens of the television camera-a plate-an electronic device-

42、electric impulses-aerials-receivers-pictures（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Human IngenuitySince the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe sc

43、ience of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come Close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal

44、existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual minia

45、turization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision that highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsa

46、ving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give

47、a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the

48、 action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talentedand human perception far more complic

49、atedthan previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a ma chine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of winding forest road or the single su