职称英语理工类A级-38及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A 级-38 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We have thought varied ways to handle the problem A. same B. different C. many D. few（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The project was completed on time because the cooperation between the two compames. A. cooperation B. connection C. combin

2、ation D. agreement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends. A. Dersisted B. consisted C. resisted D. suggested（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The lecture is so dull that he cant focus his attention on it A. depend B. concentrate C. rely D. put（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.

3、The young man succeeded in getting job ultimately A. at first B. at last C. at least D. at most（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The little boy cant discriminate the right thing from the wrong one. A. judge B. assess C. distinguish D. recognize（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.They can put up with the poor living condition. A. t

4、olerate B. accept C. support D. refuse（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.A great deal has been done to better the situation A. change B. improve C. assess D. harm（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Her sister urged her to go shopping with her. A. suggested B. caused C. forced D. promised（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.They decided to abandon t

5、he saving plan after discussion. A. give out B. give up C. give in D. give off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He spread the excting news in public. A. secretly B. happily C. openly D. quickly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.These programmes are of immense importance to the young students. A. natural B. fatal C. slight D. en

6、ormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The governorgave a rather determined explanation to the public. A. unclear B. firm C. short D. vague（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We can get inadequate money for our new project. A. enough B. efficient C. marginal D. insufficient（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The police gave a lot of aid during

7、 the accident. A. alarm B. help C. call D. fight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)2. Space JunkCosmos 2251 was an ordinary satellite designed to transmit signals across the vast Russian landmass. Launched in 1993, it would appear every 90 minutes or so over the northern skies, relay elect

8、ronic blips of information among a network of satellites and ground stations like a hockey player passing the puck, and disappear over the southern horizon.Iridium 33, launched for Motorola in 1997, did something similar, though it took a slightly different orbit that brought it closest to Earth dur

9、ing its pass over North America. For years the two satellites circled the planet, minding their own business, never coming within a thousand kilometers of one another.Then something happened to Cosmos. It may have sprung a small leak; perhaps it struck a tiny asteroid or a piece of debris. Nobody kn

10、ows for sure, but for one reason or another, Cosmos drifted off course. T. S. Kelso, an aeronautics expert at Analytical Graphics, which provides satellite-tracking services to NASA, noticed that the orbits of Cosmos and Iridium were bringing the two satellites closer to each other all the time. In

11、February he issued a warning that they would pass within a kilometer of one another, tie was right. On Feb. 10, Motorola lost track of Iridiums signal. Over the next few days, Kelso and others surmised that what many had feared for years had finally come to pass: two intact satellites had collided h

12、ead on.The consequences go far beyond merely the loss of two pieces of property. Each satellite weighed more than half a metric ton and was moving at 7.5 kilometers per second. The resulting explosion was catastrophic, generating a massive cloud of cosmic debrisperhaps l00,000 pieces of junk bigger

13、than one centimeter in diameter, estimates David Wright, a space expert at the Union of Concerned Scientists. In one stroke, the accident increased by nearly a third the number of stray objects in the crucial 700-to-900-kilometer hand known as low Earth orbit (LEO). The junk cloud will eventually di

14、sperse around the entire planet, like a shroud.The event served as a wake-up call to space planners. Insurance rates for the $18 billion worth of active commercial satellites now in orbit have ticked upwards by 10 to 20 percent since the accident. Governments, too, have grown to rely on networks of

15、satellites to gather intelligence, direct weapons systems, forecast climate and weather changes, monitor agriculture, and operate communications and navigation systems. Experts calculate that debris will now strike one of the 900 active satellites in LEO every two or three years. For the first time,

16、 junk is the single biggest risk factor to equipment in some orbits. Among the orbital threats are two former Soviet nuclear reactors. Even the International Space Station may one day be at risk, as debris slowly descends to its 350-kilometer orbit.（分数：7.00）(1).Cosmos 2251 and Iridium 33 are commerc

17、ial satellites who share the same orbit.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Iridium 33 were launched 4 years earlier than Cosmos 2251.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).T. S. Kelso found that Cosmos and Iridium were coming to each other.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Cosmos a

18、nd Iridium crashed with each other on Feb. 10 and produced a huge cloud of debris.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The junk cloud will mainly disperse in the 700-to-900-kilometer band known as LEO.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It is estimated that there are about 1500 satellites

19、 in LEO up to now.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Junk has become the single biggest threat to equipment in all orbits.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. A Short History of Naming Hurricanes B. Harnessing the Hurricane Energy C. Difficulty in Forecas

20、ting the Course of a Hurricane D. Huge Energy Stored in a Hurricane E. Forecasting a Hurricane Through Satellite Watching F. Different Names for the Same Things（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）填空

21、项 1:_ A. the timely(及时的) discovery B. convenience C. sex equality D. its connection with humans E. the huge power F. its uncertainly（分数：4.00）(1).Both male and female names ate used for hurricanes in consideration of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Using weather satellites can ensure 1 of hurricanes.（分数：1.00）填

22、空项 1:_(3).Energy specialists may be interested in 1 of hurricanes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)New Brain Cells Love to LearnWisdom in old age depends on a fresh supply of new brain cells, a st

23、udy in mice suggests. When mature mice learn a new task, their newly generated brain cells are three times more active than their old ones, the researchers found. The findings add to a growing body of evidence that the adult brain needs a steady addition of new cells to maintain its mental faculties

24、.Paul Frankland at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and colleagues injected a group of mice with a chemical agent that stains only those cells born in the animals brains at the time of injection.One week later, the team taught some of the mice how to navigate through a maz

25、e (迷宫), before sacrificing them to analyse the cells in a region of the brain called the hippocampus(海马体),which is key to learning and memory. In stages, the rest of the mice also underwent this paired process of learning and hippocampal examination at increasing time intervals from the initial inje

26、ction.Franklands team analysed the mices stained hippocampal cells for key proteinsevidence that the cells were active and forming the new neural connections vital for learning. The team found that the stained cells had undergone significantly more activity in the mice that had learned the maze soon

27、 after the injection-when the stained cells were newly generated.For example, those that had learned the maze six weeks after the injection had three times as much “activity“ in their stained cells as those mice that learned the maze eight weeks after injection, when the stained cells were fully mat

28、ure. Cells examined at less than six weeks old at the time of learning did not show as much activity as at six weeks, however. According to Frankland, this suggests that when neurons reach six weeks of age they are specifically recruited to form the brain networks that support new memories.“The resu

29、lts strengthen the link between new cells in the adult brain and learning-and shows more convincingly that they have a functional role,“ Frankland says. He believes the study is the first to provide positive evidence that newly generated brain cells are more active than old ones.（分数：15.00）(1).What c

30、an we know about the findings of the study conducted in the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto?（分数：3.00）A.Adult brains need new cells to maintain their functions.B.Only old people need a steady addition of new cells to maintain their brain functions.C.Old people will lose their wisdom completely.

31、D.Newly generated brain cells are a little more active than old ones.(2).What happened during the experiment according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The mice were given injections for a week.B.The mice died of the side effects of the injection.C.The mice were tested and examined at different times.D.The

32、 injection affected the mice till they were examine(3).What can show that the cells were active and forming the new neural connections vital for learning?（分数：3.00）A.Hippocampal cells.B.Key proteins in the Hippocampa cells.C.The stained cells in the brain.D.Element of the injection in the brain cells

33、.(4).What can we learn from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The stained cells were fully mature six weeks after injection.B.Cells examined at less than six weeks were still more active than those examined at six weeks.C.Eight weeks of time is essential for the formation of brain networks.D.The injection gene

34、rated new brain cells in the mic(5).What does Frankland think of the study?（分数：3.00）A.The results are more convincing in proving the link between new cells in adult brain and learning.B.It is the first one trying to prove that newly generated brain cells are more active than old ones.C.It proves tha

35、t new cells in adult brains have a functional role.D.It was conducted in a more scientific way than the studies before it.Taking a Dim View of Solar EnergyDespite the bad economy, or maybe because of it, the rooftop-solar industry is booming, as Americans become increasingly intrigued by the idea of

36、 turning their roofs into mini power plants and cutting their electric bills. In 2008,33,500 rooftop solar systems were installed in the United States, a 63 percent increase over the amount of capacity installed in 2007. In California. the solar capital of country, the increase was 95 percent.Meanwh

37、ile, the outlook for the other side of the solar industrythe large, centralized power plantsisnt so sunny. These megaprojectsacres of desert covered in thousands of solar panels sending electricitycontrolled mostly by utility companies that have had a monopoly over the countrys electricity grid, wer

38、e supposed to be the key to the future of the solar industry. So far, theyre getting vastly outpaced by the decentralized rooftop approach. According to the Interstate Renewable Energy Councils 200608 count, consumers added 522 megawatts to the grid: whereas utility companies added just 96 megawatts

39、.The disparity has utilities worried about loosing their grip on the countrys energy industry, and the $130 billion residential electricity market. In some cases, utilities are actually taking direct steps to thwart rooftop solar.“There is a tension between distributed solar generation and utilities

40、,“ says Adaln Browning, executive director of The Vote Solar initiative, a solar advocacy group in San Francisco. Theyve had the energy pie to themselves for a century, and now facing a future where clean distributed energy will play a large part, theyre looking for ways to profit from it and mainta

41、in control. People want solar panels on their roofs, so utilities should be working to make that happen rather than getting in the way. “says Browning. “Its not hard to understand why a big utility might not like the idea of homes and buildings being covered in solar panels. If every building in Ame

42、rica is generating its own solar energy, that throws a big wrench into their business model. But as most states have passed renewable-energy standards recently, mandating that a certain percentage of their energy come from renewable sources, utilities have become reluctant players in the solar game

43、because, frankly, they have no choice. However, thanks to state and federal government subsidies, private sector can seize this opportunity to grow.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, which statement about the rooftop solar systems installment in the U. S. can NOT be inferred?（分数：3.00）A.In 2008,

44、 the amount of rooftop solar system installment experienced an increase over 50 percent.B.95 percent of Californian families have rooftop solar system installment.C.More and more families installed rooftop solar system installment as a way to cut expense on electricity.D.There is no positive connect

45、ion between economical situation and the amount of rooftop solar system installment.(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is the main idea of the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.The total amount of electricity generated by the centralized solar power plants are more than that b

46、y the individual households.B.The management of centralized solar power plants is key to the development of solar industry, though now it is not that good.C.Large companies that have a monoply over an industry can lead to the inefficiency in production.D.Its a great advancement in technology to make

47、 use of desert to generate solar power.(3).What is the meaning of the word “thwart“ in the third paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Build.B.Facilitate.C.Encourage.D.Oppos(4).According to the passage, which one of the following statements is NOT in agreement to Adam Brownings ideas?（分数：3.00）A.Now the reality is th

48、at the utilities and distributed solar generation can not cooperate very well.B.The utilities dont want to share their business with the distributed solar generation.C.The utilities should help people to set up rooftop solar system when needed.D.People should pay to the utilities for the power gener

49、ated from their rooftop solar systems.(5).According to the passage, which one of the following statemets can not be inferred from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Now, there is a good environment for the private sector to grow in producing solar power generated energy.B.There are encouraging measures that the government takes to propel the solar industry development.C.Ther