大学六级-1624及答案解析.doc

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1、大学六级-1624 及答案解析(总分：713.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.老一辈常说,能力比相貌重要2. 如今很多人却认为相貌比能力重要3. 你的看法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Science of InterruptionsIn 2000, Gloria Mark was hired as a professor at the University of California. She would arrive at her desk in the

2、 morning, full of energy and ready to tackle her to-do list. No sooner had she started one task than a colleague would e-mail her with an urgent request; when she went to work on that, the phone would ring. At the end of the day, Mark had accomplished a fraction of what she set out to do.Lots of peo

3、ple complain that office multitasking drives them nuts. But Mark studies how high-tech devices affect our behavior, so she was able to do more than complain: She set out to measure how nuts weve all become. She watched cubicle (办公室隔间) dwellers as they surfed the chaos of modern office life and found

4、 each employee spent only ten-and-a-half minutes on any given project before being interrupted. Each short project was itself fragmented into three-minute tasks, like answering e-mail messages or working on a sheet.Marks study also revealed that interruptions are often crucial to office work. The hi

5、gh-tech workers admitted that many of their daily distractions were essential to their jobs. When someone forwards you an urgent e-mail message, its often something you really do need to see; if a mobile phone call breaks through, it might be the call that saves your hide.For some computer engineers

6、 and academics, this realization has begun to raise an attractive possibility: Perhaps we can find an ideal middle ground. If high-tech work distractions are inevitable, maybe we can re-engineer them so we receive all of their benefits but few of their downsides.The Birth of MultitaskingThe science

7、of interruptions began more than 100 years ago with the emergence of telegraph operators the first high-stress, time-sensitive information-technology jobs. Psychologists discovered that if someone spoke to a telegraph operator while he was keying a message, the operator was more likely to make error

8、s. Later, psychologists determined that whenever workers needed to focus on a job that required the monitoring of data, presentation was all important. Using this knowledge, cockpits (驶舱) for fighter pilots were carefully designed so that each dial and meter could be read with just a glance.Still, s

9、uch issues seemed remote from the lives of everyday workers. Then, in the 1990s, computers began to experience a rapid increase in speed and power. “Multitasking“ was born; instead of simply working on one program for hours at a time, a computer user works on several simultaneously. Office workers n

10、ow stare at computer screens of overwhelming complexity, as they juggle (操纵) messages, text documents, PowerPoint presentations and web browsers. In the modern office we are all fighter pilots.Effect of Multitasking: Computer-affected BehaviorInformation is no longer a scarce resource attention is.

11、20 years ago, an office worker had two types of communication technology: a phone, which required an instant answer, and postal mail, which took days. Now people have dozens of possibilities between these two poles.The result is something like “continuous partial attention“, which makes us so busy k

12、eeping an eye on everything that we never fully focus on anything. This can actually be a positive feeling, inasmuch as the constant email dinging makes us feel needed and desired. But what happens when you take that to the extreme? You get overwhelmed. Sanity lies in danger.In 1997, Microsoft recru

13、ited Mary Czerwinski, who once worked in NASAs Human-computer Interaction Lab, to conduct basic research to find out how computers affect human behavior. She took 39 office workers and installed software on their computers that would record every mouse click. She discovered that computer users were

14、as restless as hummingbirds. On average, they juggled eight windows at the same time. More astonishing, they would spend barely 20 seconds looking at one window before flipping to another.Why constant shifting? In part it was because of the way computers are laid out. A computer offers very little v

15、isual real estate. A Microsoft Word document can cover almost an entire screen. Once you begin multitasking, a computer desktop quickly becomes buried in windows. When someone is interrupted, it takes just over 23 minutes to cycle back to the original task. Once their work becomes buried beneath a s

16、creenful of interruptions, office workers appear to forget what tasks they were originally pursuing. The central danger of interruptions is not the interruption at all, but the confusion they bring to our short-term memory.Ways to Cope with InterruptionsWhen Mark and Czerwinski, working separately,

17、looked at the desks of the people they were studying, they each noticed the same thing: Post-it notes. Workers would write brief reminders of the task they were supposed to be working on (“Test DAs PC, Waiting for AL. “). Then they would place them directly in their fields of vision, often in a circ

18、le around the edge of their computer screens.These piecemeal efforts at coping pointed to ways that our high-tech tools could be engineered to be less distracting. Czerwinski also noticed many Microsoft people attached three monitors to their computers. They placed their applications on different sc

19、reens the email on the right side, a web browser on the right and their main work project in the middle so that each application was read at a glance. When the ding on their email program went off, they just peek to the left to see the message.The workers said this arrangement made them feel calmer.

20、 But did more screen area actually help with cognition? To find out, Czerwinski had 15 volunteers sit in front of a regular size 38 cm monitor and complete a variety of tasks designed to challenge their concentration a web search, some cutting and pasting, and memorizing phone numbers. Then the volu

21、nteers repeated the tasks using a computer with a massive 105 cm screen.On the bigger screen, some people completed the tasks as much as 44% more quickly. In two decades of research, Czerwinski had never seen a single change to a computer system so significantly improve a users productivity. The cle

22、arer your screen, the calmer your mind.Looking for Better InterruptionsMark compared the way people work when sitting in cubicles with how they work when theyre at different locations and interact online. She discovered people working in cubicles suffer more interruptions, but they have better inter

23、ruptions because their co-workers have a social sense of what theyre doing. When you work next to others, they sense whether youre deeply immersed or relatively free to talk and interrupt you accordingly.Why dont computers work this way? Instead of alerting us to email messages the instant they arri

24、ve, our machines could deliver them at optimum moments, when our brains are relaxed. Eric Horvitz at Microsoft is trying to do precisely that. He has been building automated reasoning systems equipped with artificial intelligence that observes a computer users behavior and tries to predict the momen

25、t the user will be mentally free and ready to be interrupted.(1,161 words)（分数：70.00）(1).As Marks study indicated, interruption is a highly undesirable feature in high-tech office work, and therefore we must find a way to avoid them.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Telegraph operation is a less stressful, less at

26、tention-demanding information-technology job in comparison with computer operation.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Modern office workers are just like fighter pilots in that both need to monitor data of great complexity.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Multitasking, even if taken to the extreme, can give office workers a po

27、sitive feeling, since frequent interruptions make them feel much needed and desired.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to Mary Czerwinskis research, computer users are constantly shifting from window to window, pausing _ at each one.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Both Mark and Czerwinski noticed that some computer

28、users relied on _ as reminders to help them cope with distractions.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).By _ , many Microsoft workers managed to get quicker, easier access to data and make their high-tech tools less distracting.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Czerwinski found that no other change to a computer system could more

29、 significantly improve a users productivity than _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).People who work next to each other in the same office have more but better interruptions than those who _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Eric Horvitz has been working on AI system that monitors a computer users behavior and predicts _ .（

30、分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：98.00)（分数：56.00）(1).A) Go to the parties. B) Go for a ride with the man.C) Study for her exam. D) Change her clothes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.B) The city was poor because

31、there wasnt much industry then.C) The womans exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution.D) He might move to another city very soon.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) He believes dancing is enjoyable. B) He definitely does not like dancing.C) He admires those who dance. D) He wont dance until he has done his

32、 work.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A) He admires Jeans straightforwardness. B) He thinks Dr. Brown deserves the praise.C) He will talk to Jean about what happened. D) He believes Jean was rude to Dr. Brown.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A) The woman had been planning for the conference.B) The woman called the man but

33、 the line was busy.C) The woman didnt come back until midnight.D) The woman had guests all evening.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A) He shows great enthusiasm for his studies. B) He is a very versatile person.C) He has no talent for tennis. D) He does not study hard enough.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A) He has manag

34、ed to sell a number of cars. B) He is contented with his current position.C) He might get fired. D) He has lost his job（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A) Jerry stayed in a room on the third floor for an hour.B) Jerry was absent when the discussion was being held.C) Nobody but the woman noticed that Jerry was a

35、bsent.D) Jerry did not leave room 405 until an hour had passed.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A The classroom was under construction.B He couldnt focus on the class due to the noise.C He felt that his studying was not effective.D He went back to get the book left at home.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A Lend the novel

36、to the man. B Check if Alice will lend the novel.C Buy the novel from Alice. D Look for another novel for the man.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A He has a darker skin now. B He went south to get sun-tanned.C He could not recognize his mother. D He works in a southern state.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1).A. B

37、ecause women are superior in real life. B. Because men want to keep their image. C. Because women cant be better than men. D. Because nobody believes womens power.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It needs some powerful control over its content. B. It has abundant information on the websites. C. It is good to

38、 every one especially the children. D. It is the best form of the public media.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because it has so many information that children will feel confused. B. Because children sometimes question some of the information. C. Because children can not tell what is right and wrong on the

39、Internet. D. Because children will become addicted to it which is really bad.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：63.00)（分数：21.00）(1).A) She felt doubtful. B) She felt satisfied.C) She felt delighted. D) She felt surprised.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) She was asked to call the chairmans wife.B) She was

40、asked to make a copy of English final exam.C) She was asked to go to the chairmans wifes office.D) She was asked to retake the final exam.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) Because she was a black girl.B) Because she got the highest average in the class.C) Because she wanted to hit the chairmans wife.D) Becaus

41、e she refused to retake the exam.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1).A) There can be no speedy recovery for mental patients.B) Approaches to healing patients are essentially the same.C) The mind and body should be taken as an integral whole.D) There is no clear division of labor in the medical profession

42、.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) A doctors fame strengthens the patients faith in them.B) Abuse of medicines is widespread in many urban hospitals.C) One third of the patients depend on harmless substances for cure.D) A patients expectations of a drug have an effect on their recovery.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A)

43、 Expensive drugs may not prove the most effective.B) The workings of the mind may help patients recover.C) Doctors often exaggerate the effect of their remedies.D) Most illnesses can be cured without medication.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1).A) More and more people are used to the Internet.B) Cell p

44、ones are Becoming an important part of our life.C) Postcards are in the danger of extinction.D) Communications between people are becoming easier.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) They axe useful and practical. B) They are fashioned and quick to arrive.C) They are imaginative and personal. D) They are of grea

45、t importance.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) Coins, stamps and sports. B) Stamps, sports and postcards.C) Coins, stamps and postcards. D) Coins, sports and postcards.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The social effects of job-sharing are likely to be beneficial, since it attempts to match work opp

46、ortunities to a wider variety of lifestyles. The (35) of one full-time and one part-time spouse might become much more common：which was the husband and which was the wife would (36) according to taste，time of life and career requirements. What exactly is job-sharing? The Equal Opportunities Commissi

47、on (37) it as“a form of part-time employment where two people (38) share the responsibility of one full-time position. ”Salary and benefits are (39) between the two sharers. Each persons terms and conditions of employment are the same as those of a full-timer. If each works at least 15 hours a week,

48、 then they enjoy certain (40) rights that ordinary part-time workers do not have. Part-timers usually earn less per hour than a full-timer, and have fewer benefits and less job (41) . They have virtually no career prospects. Employers often think that working part-time (42) that a person has no ambitions and so offer no chance of promotion. (43) and that does not mean just married women. As Adrienne Broyle of“New Ways to Work”formerly the London Job-sharing Project points out：“ (44) ”. “A growing number of men want to job-share so