GRE-练习五及答案解析.doc

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1、GRE-练习五及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：20.00)One phase of the business cycle is the expan-sion phase. This phase is a twofold one, includingrecovery and prosperity. During the recoveryLine period there is ever-growing expansion of existing(5) facilities, and new facilities

2、 for production arecreated. More businesses are created and olderones expanded. Improvements of various kindsare made. There is an ever-increasing optimismabout the future of economic growth. Much capi-(10) tal is invested in machinery or “heavy“ industry.More labor is employed. More raw materials a

3、rerequired. As one part of the economy develops,other parts are affected. For example, a greatexpansion in automobiles results in an expansion(15) of the steel, glass, and rubber industries. Roadsare required; thus the cement and machineryindustries are stimulated. Demand for labor andmaterials resu

4、lts in greater prosperity for workersand suppliers of raw materials, including farmers.(20) This increases purchasing power and the volumeof goods bought and sold. Thus prosperity is dif-fused among the various segments of the popula-tion. This prosperity period may continue to riseand rise without

5、an apparent end. However, a(25) time comes when this phase reaches a peak andstops spiralling upwards. This is the end of theexpansion phase.（分数：3.00）(1).Which of the following statements is the best example of the optimism mentioned in line 8 of the passage as being part of the expansion phase?（分数：

6、1.00）A.Public funds are designated for the construction of new highways designed to stimulate tourism.B.Industrial firms allocate monies for the purchase of machine tools.C.The prices of agricultural commodities are increased at the producer level.D.Full employment is achieved at all levels of the e

7、conomy.E.(E) As technology advances, innovative businesses replace antiquated firms.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that（分数：1.00）A.when consumers lose their confidence in the market, a recession followsB.cyclical ends to business expansion are normalC.luxury goods su

8、ch as jewelry are unaffected by industrial expansionD.with sound economic policies, prosperity can become a fixed patternE.(E) the creation of new products is essential for prosperity(3).Which of the following statements would be most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage?（

9、分数：1.00）A.Union demands may also have an effect on business cycles.B.Some industries are, by their very nature, cyclical, having regular phases of expansion and recession.C.Inflation is a factor that must be taken into consideration in any discussion of the expansion phase.D.The farmers role during

10、the expansion phase is of vital importance.E.(E) The other phase of the business cycle is called the recession phase.The history of mammals dates back at leastto Triassic time. Development was retarded, how-ever, until the sudden acceleration of evolutionalLine change that occurred in the oldest Pal

11、eocene. This(5) led in Eocene time to increase in average size,larger mental capacity, and special adaptations fordifferent modes of life. In the Oligocene Epoch,there was further improvement, with appearanceof some new lines and extinction of others.(10) Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culm

12、i-nation of several groups and continued approachtoward modern characters. The peak of the careerof mammals in variety and average large size wasattained in the Miocene.(15) The adaptation of mammals to almost all pos-sible modes of life parallels that of the reptiles inMesozoic time, and except for

13、 greater intelligence,the mammals do not seem to have done much bet-ter than corresponding reptilian forms. The bat is(20) doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur,but the dolphin and whale are hardly more fishlikethan the ichthyosaur. Many swift-running mam-mals of the plains, like the h

14、orse and the antelope,must excel any of the dinosaurs. The tyrannosaur(25) was a more ponderous and powerful carnivore thanany flesh-eating mammal, but the lion or tiger isprobably a more efficient and dangerous beast ofprey because of a superior brain. The significantpoint to observe is that differ

15、ent branches of the(30) mammals gradually fitted themselves for all sortsof life, grazing on the plains and able to run swiftly(horse, deer, bison), living in rivers and swamps(hippopotamus, beaver), dwelling in trees (sloth,monkey), digging underground (mole, rodent),(35) feeding on flesh in the fo

16、rest (tiger) and on the plain(wolf), swimming in the sea (dolphin, whale, seal),and flying in the air (bat). Man is able by mechani-cal means to conquer the physical world and toadapt himself to almost any set of conditions.(40) This adaptation produces gradual changes ofform and structure. It is bi

17、ologically characteristicof the youthful, plastic stage of a group. Early in itscareer, an animal assemblage seems to possesscapacity for change, which, as the unit becomes(45) old and fixed, disappears. The generalized types oforganisms retain longest the ability to make adjust-ments when required,

18、 and it is from them that new,fecund stocks take origincertainly not from anyspecialized end products. So, in the mammals, we(50) witness the birth, plastic spread in many directions,increasing specialization, and in some branches,the extinction, which we have learned from obser-vation of the geolog

19、ic record of life is a characteris-tic of the evolution of life.（分数：7.00）(1).Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：1.00）A.From Dinosaur to ManB.Adaptation and ExtinctionC.The Superiority of MammalsD.The Geologic Life SpanE.(E) Man, Conqueror of the Physical W

20、orld(2).It can be inferred from the passage that the chronological order of the geologic periods is（分数：1.00）A.Paleocene, Miocene, Triassic, MesozoicB.Paleocene, Triassic, Mesozoic, MioceneC.Miocene, Paleocene, Triassic, MesozoicD.Mesozoic, Oligocene, Paleocene, MioceneE.(E) Mesozoic, Paleocene, Eoce

21、ne, Miocene(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the pterosaur（分数：1.00）A.resembled the batB.was a Mesozoic mammalC.was a flying reptileD.lived in the seaE.(E) evolved during the Miocene period(4).According to the passage, the greatest number of forms of mammalian life is found in the（分数：1.00）

22、A.Triassic periodB.Eocene periodC.Oligocene periodD.Pliocene periodE.(E) Miocene period(5).Which of the following statements, if true, would weaken the statement made by the author in lines 15-19?（分数：1.00）A.Tyrannosaur has been found to have a larger brain than was previously thought.B.Mammals will

23、become extinct within the next thousand years.C.Forms of flying ichthyosaurs have recently been discovered.D.The tiger has now been proved to be more powerful than the carnivorous reptiles.E.(E) Computers have been developed that can double human mental capacity.(6).It can be inferred from the passa

24、ge that the evidence the author uses in discussing the life of past time periods（分数：1.00）A.was developed by Charles DarwinB.was uncovered by the authorC.has been negated by more recent evidenceD.was never definitely establishedE.(E) is based on fossil remains(7).With which of the following proverbia

25、l expressions about human existence would the author be most likely to agree?（分数：1.00）A.Its a cruel world.B.All the worlds a stage.C.The more things change, the more they remain the same.D.Footprints in the sands of time.E.(E) A short life, but a merry one.For me, scientific knowledge is divided int

26、omathematical sciences, natural sciences or sci-ences dealing with the natural world (physical andLine biological sciences), and sciences dealing with(5) mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciencesof cultural achievements, every kind of historicalknowledge). Apart from these sciences is philoso

27、-phy, about which we will talk shortly. In the firstplace, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge,(10) sought only for the purpose of understanding, inorder to fulfill the need to understand that isintrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distin-guishes man from animal is that he knows andneeds

28、to know. If man did not know that the(15) world existed, and that the world was of a certainkind, that he was in the world and that he himselfwas of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. Thetechnical aspects of applications of knowledge areequally necessary for man and are of the greatest(20) importanc

29、e, because they also contribute to defin-ing him as man and permit him to pursue a lifeincreasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of techni-cal progress, he must defend the primacy and(25) autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge soughtdirectly for its practical applications will

30、 haveimmediate and foreseeable success, but not thekind of important result whose revolutionaryscope is in large part unforeseen, except by the(30) imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians hadnot applied themselves to the investigation ofconic sect

31、ions, zealously and without the leastsuspicion that it might someday be useful, it(35) would not have been possible centuries later tonavigate far from shore. The first men to studythe nature of electricity could not imagine thattheir experiments, carried on because of mere“intellectual curiosity, w

32、ould eventually lead to(40) modern electrical technology, without which wecan scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pureknowledge is valuable for its own sake, becausethe human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance.But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical(45) results that would not

33、have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.（分数：3.00）(1).The author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections（分数：1.00）A.invented modern mathematical applicationsB.were interested in navigationC.were unaware of the value of their studiesD.worked with electricit

34、yE.(E) were forced to resign themselves to failure(2).The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is（分数：1.00）A.Technical ProgressB.A Little Learning Is a Dangerous ThingC.Mans Distinguishing CharacteristicsD.Learning for Its Own SakeE.(E) The Difference Between Science and Philosop

35、hy(3).It can be inferred from the passage that to the author mans need to know is chiefly important in that it（分数：1.00）A.allows the human race to progress technicallyB.encompasses both the physical and social sciencesC.demonstrates human vulnerabilityD.defines mans essential humanityE.(E) has increa

36、sed as our knowledge of the world has grownWhen you first saw a piece of African art, itimpressed you as a unit; you did not see it as a col-lection of shapes or forms. This, of course, meansLine that the shapes and volumes within the sculpture(5) itself were coordinated so successfully that theview

37、er was affected emotionally.It is entirely valid to ask how, from a purely artis-tic point of view, this unity was achieved. And wemust also inquire whether there is a recurrent pat-(10) tern or rules or a plastic language and vocabularywhich is responsible for the powerful communica-tion of emotion

38、 which the best African sculptureachieves. If there is such a pattern or rules, arethese rules applied consciously or instinctively to(15) obtain so many works of such high artistic quality?It is obvious from the study of art history that anintense and unified emotional experience, such asthe Christ

39、ian Credo of the Byzantine or 12th or 13thcentury Europe, when expressed in art forms, gave(20) great unity, coherence, and power to art. But suchan integrated feeling was only the inspirationalelement for the artist, only the starting point of thecreative act. The expression of this emotion and its

40、realization in the work could be done only with dis-(25) cipline and thorough knowledge of the craft. Andthe African sculptor was a highly trained workman.He started his apprenticeship with a master when achild, and he learned the tribal styles and the use oftools and the nature of woods so thorough

41、ly that his(30) carving became what Boas calls “motor action.“ Hecarved automatically and instinctively.The African carver followed his rules withoutthinking of them; indeed, they never seem to havebeen formulated in words. But such rules existed,(35) for accident and coincidence cannot explain thec

42、ommon plastic language of African sculpture.There is too great a consistency from one work toanother. Yet, although the African, with amazinginsight into art, used these rules, I am certain that(40) he was not conscious of them. This is the greatmystery of such a traditional art: talent, or the abil

43、i-ty certain people have, without conscious effort, tofollow the rules which later the analyst can discov-er only from the work of art which has already(45) been created.（分数：7.00）(1).The author is primarily concerned with（分数：1.00）A.discussing how African sculptors achieved their effectsB.listing the

44、 rules followed in African artC.relating African art to the art of 12th or 13th century EuropeD.integrating emotion and realizationE.(E) expressing the beauty of African art(2).According to the passage, one of the outstanding features of African sculpture is（分数：1.00）A.its esoteric subject matterB.th

45、e emotional content of the workC.the education or training of the artistsD.its “foreignness“ when compared to Western artE.(E) its high degree of conscious control(3).The author uses the phrase “plastic language“ in lines 10 and 36 to refer to African arts（分数：1.00）A.mass reproductionB.unrealistic qu

46、alitiesC.modernistic orientationD.sculptural symbolsE.(E) repetitive nature(4).The information in the passage suggests that an African carver might best be compared to a（分数：1.00）A.chef following a recipeB.fluent speaker of English who is just beginning to study FrenchC.batter who hits a home run in

47、his or her first baseball gameD.concert pianist performing a well-rehearsed concertoE.(E) writer who is grammatically expert but stylistically uncreative(5).Which of the following does the passage imply about art?（分数：1.00）A.Content is more important than form.B.There is no room for untrained artists

48、.C.Form is more important than content.D.Western artists are too concerned with technique.E.(E) Great art must be consistent.(6).The authors presentation of the material includes all of the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.comparisonB.cause and effectC.rhetorical questioningD.direct quotationE.(E) concret

49、e example(7).Which of the following titles best expresses the content of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The Apprenticeship of the African SculptorB.The History of African SculptureC.How African Art Achieves UnityD.Analyzing African ArtE.(E) The Unconscious Rules of African Art二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Both plants and animals of many sorts showremarkable changes in form, structure, growthhabits, and even mode of reproduction in becom-Line ing adapted to different climatic environment,(5) types of food supply, or mode of living. Thisdivergence in response to evolution is commonlyex