【考研类试卷】英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编1及答案解析.doc

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1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 1及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.The famous translation theorist Peter Newmark(1916-2011)proposed two strategies for translation Make a comparison of the two translation strategies(武汉大学 2012研，考试科目：综合英语)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.Translate the following terms into Chine

2、se(武汉大学 2010研，考试科目：英语综合) Tower of Babel（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Vulgate（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.The Schleiermacher Model（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Hermeneutic Translation（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Hybridity（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Make some comments in English on The Definition of Translation and the Phenomenon of Untranslatability(武汉大学

3、2010研，考试科目：英语综合)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.Answer the following questions briefly(大连理工大学 2005研，考试科目：英汉翻译)Domesticating method, which has been used for centuries in China, will be replaced by foreignizing method in literary translation, Professor Sun predicted. Why? Explain the trend.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.It is w

4、ell known with translators that differences in moral values often pose difficulties and affect translators“ decision-making process in cross-cultural communication. Give one or two examples to illustrate this.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Read the following translation and comment on it from the perspective of

5、 News translation. 在南充附近的嘉陵江畔，新建起一座现代化的化肥之城蓬安化肥联合公司。在这片方圆 8公里的地方，有20多栋住宅楼和风格迥异的厂房群拔地而起，还有一座座仓库、水塔、管架等高低错落。这是我省的重点项目，两年前开始动工。今年下半年就将建成并投入生产。 The Peng“an Chemical Fertilizer Complex is a key project of the province which spreads out over an area of eight square kilometers in Peng“an county, southwest

6、of Nanchong near the Jialing River. The complex includes over twenty buildings for different purposes. The construction began two years ago and the complex will be completed and put into operation later this year.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.In Italy there is a saying: translators are traitors. Sometimes a tr

7、anslator cannot keep his fidelity in the process of his translation. He does not mean to betray the author of the original but he has to. When are the situations that a translator has to betray the author of the original? Explain.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Read the following and translate the underlined par

8、t. Can it be translated word for word? Why? “ My grandfather taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and, though much beloved and respected in the community, earned barely enough to provide for his large family. My father often said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness

9、of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay. “（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.Translate the following sentence by using sociosemiotic approach and justify for yourself.I love my love with an E, because she is enticing:I hate her with an E, because she is engaged:I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treat

10、ed her with an elopement:her name is Emily, and she lives in the east.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.严复先生基于易经和孔子的言论于 1898年提出了“”的翻译思想。（分数：2.00）A.信、达、顺B.信、达、雅C.传神达意D.忠实、畅达、美文15.东晋道安提出：“案本而传，不令有损言游字；时改倒句，余尽实录”。这段话的实质是。（分数：2.00）A.意译求美B.求顺而已C.直译求信D.求美而已16.“精神姿致依然故我”和“化境”的标准出自。（分数：2.00）A.林语堂B.郭沫若C.傅雷D.钱钟书17.美国翻译学者奈达所

11、追求的“动态等值”的翻译思想。（分数：2.00）A.注重再现原文文化B.以翻译语义为首要任务C.注重再现原文语言形式D.提倡逐字翻译18.英国翻译学者纽马克倡导的“语义翻译”力争。（分数：2.00）A.传达原文准确的语境意义B.译文读者的感受如同原文读者C.实现原文的交际功能D.置原文意义于不顾19.Translate the passage into Chinese(北京大学 2007研，考试科目：专业能力)A strong common sense, which it is not easy to unseat or disturb, marks the English mind for

12、a thousand years: a rude strength newly applied to thought, as of sailors and soldiers who had lately learned to read. They have no fancy, and never are surprised into a covert or witty word, such as pleased the Athenians and Italians, and was convertible into a fable not long after: but they deligh

13、t in strong earthy expression, not mistakable, coarsely true to the human body, and, though spoken among princes, equally fit and welcome to the mob. This homeliness, veracity, and plain style, appear in the earliest extant works, and in the latest. It imports into songs and ballads the smell of the

14、 earth, the breath of cattle, and, like a Dutch painter, seeks a household charm, though by pails and pans. They ask their constitutional utility in verse. The kail and herrings are never out of sight. The poet nimbly recovers himself from every sally of the imagination. The English muse loves the f

15、armyard, the lane, and market. She says, with De Stael, “ I tramp in the mire with wooden shoes, whenever they would force me into the clouds. “For, the Englishman has accurate perceptions : takes hold of things by the right end, and there is no slipperiness in his grasp. He loves the axe, the spade

16、, the oar, the gun, the steam pipe:he has built the engine he uses. He is materialist, economical, mercantile. He must be treated with sincerity and reality, with muffins, and not the promise of muffins: and prefers his hot chop, with perfect security and convenience in the eating of it, to the chan

17、ces of the amplest and Frenchiest bill of fare, engraved on embossed paper. When he is intellectual, and a poet or a philosopher, he carries the same hard truth and the same keen machinery into the mental sphere. His mind must stand on a fact. He will not be baffled, or catch at clouds, but the mind

18、 must have a symbol palpable and resisting. What he relishes in Dante, is the vice-like tenacity with which he holds a mental image before the eyes, as if it were a scutcheon painted on a shield. Byron“liked something craggy to break his mind upon. “A taste for plain strong speech, what is called a

19、biblical style, marks the English. It is in Alfred, and the Saxon Chronicle, and in the Sagas of the Northmen. Latimer was homely. Hobbes was perfect in the “noble vulgar speech. “ Donne, Bunyan, Milton, Taylor, Evelyn, Pepys, Hooker, Cotton, and the translators, wrote it. How realistic or materiali

20、stic in treatment of his subject, is Swift. He describes his fictitious persons, as if for the police. Defoe has no insecurity or choice. Hudibras has the same hard mentality, keeping the truth at once to the senses, and to the intellect.It is not less seen in poetry. Chaucer“s hard painting of his

21、Canterbury pilgrims satisfies the senses. Shakespeare, Spenser, and Milton, in their loftiest ascents, have this national grip and exactitude of mind. This mental materialism makes the value of English transcendental genius: in these writers, and in Herbert, Henry More, Donne, and Sir Thomas Browne.

22、 The Saxon materialism and narrowness, exalted into the sphere of intellect, makes the very genius of Shakespeare and Milton. When it reaches the pure element, it treads the clouds as securely as the adamant. Even in its elevations, materialistic, its poetry is common sense inspired: or iron raised

23、to white heat.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.Translate the following into Chinese(中国人民大学 2006研，考试科目：专业英语)Suppose that John Smith, happily married to Mary Smith, addresses his wife as “ Mary Smith, how many times have I asked you not to flip through the TV channels?“ There would be reason to look beyond the word

24、s for the “meaning“of this unusual form of address. Mr. Smith may address his wife as “Mary Smith“ to show his exasperation, as in this example. By addressing her as “Mary Smith“ instead of the usual “Mary“ , he conveys frustration and annoyance. His choice of name thus “means“ that he is exasperate

25、d. Contrast the tone of that sentence with a similar one in which John Smith addressed Mary Smith as “dear“.The level of meaning that conveys the language user“s feelings, including his attitude or evaluation in shaping his use of language is called affective meaning or emotive meaning. It is largel

26、y a parasitic category in the sense that to express our emotions we depend on the mediation of other categories of meaning as conceptual, connotative or social. For example, nigger, originally a word denoting a certain race, has virtually become a term of abuse or contempt: and a similar development

27、 has occurred with part of the political vocabulary, such as fascist.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 1答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.The famous translation theorist Peter Newmark(1916-2011)proposed two strategies for translation Make a comparison of the two translation strate

28、gies(武汉大学 2012研，考试科目：综合英语)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Peter Newmark has made important contributions to the study of translation theory, the major one of which is the dichotomy of communicative translation and semantic translation. According to Peter Newmark, these two strategies vary from each othe

29、r in terms of the following aspects: (1)Semantic translation focuses primarily upon the semantic content of the source text whereas communicative translation focuses essentially on the comprehension and response of receptors. Semantic translation would be more informative but less effective. Communi

30、cative translation emphasizes the “force“ rather than the content of the message. (2)Semantic translation attempts to render as closely as the semantic and syntactic strctures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original. Communicative translation attempts to produce on

31、 its readers an effect as closely as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. (3)Semantic translation would be more informative but less effective. Communicative translation must emphasize the “force“ rather than the content of the message. A semantic translation is always inferior

32、to its original , since it involves loss of meaning. Communicative translation may gain in force and clarify what it loses in semantic content. The translator is trying in his own language to write a little better than the original, unless he is reproducing the well-established formulae of notes or

33、correspondence. Generally, a communicative translation tends to undertranslate. It uses more generic, hold-all terms to translate difficult passages. It is smoother, simpler, clearer, more direct, more conventional, conforming to a particular register of language. It is foremost to produce the same

34、impact or effect on SL readers and fulfill the function of TL texts to establish the communication between SL authors and TL readers. A semantic translation tends to overtranslate. It is more complex, more awkward, more detailed, more concentrated. It pursues the thought processes and includes more

35、meanings in its search for one nuance of meaning.）解析：2.Translate the following terms into Chinese(武汉大学 2010研，考试科目：英语综合) Tower of Babel（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：巴别塔）解析：3.Vulgate（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：通俗拉丁文本圣经）解析：4.The Schleiermacher Model（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：施莱尔马赫模式）解析：5.Hermeneutic Tra

36、nslation（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：阐释学翻译）解析：6.Hybridity（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：杂合现象）解析：7.Make some comments in English on The Definition of Translation and the Phenomenon of Untranslatability(武汉大学 2010研，考试科目：英语综合)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Translation has been defined in many a way. In a word,

37、 translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. As translation is conducted through two languages or two cultures, the differences between them pose a great deal difficulty to translators. Though it is generally acknowledged

38、that translation is a feasible and practical task, there still exist some language points which are impossible to translate, which are called the phenomenon of untranslatability. Catford classified untranslatability into two categories, one is linguistic untranslatability and the other is cultural u

39、ntranslatability. The linguistic untranslatability occurs when target language offers no equivalent language features to the source language or vice versa. Many language features can cause this phenomenon, such as the homophone, the homonym, puns, antithesis and so on. Take puns as an example. Here

40、is a sentence: Mr. Hooligan is more than a hooligan and Mr. Fox is more than a fox. The two family names serve as pun for hooligan and fox, but when translated in Chinese, the hidden meaning is lost. It is agreed to many that linguistic untranslatability can not be solved. However, the case is not s

41、o with cultural untranslatability. Many factors cause the features of one culture, such as history, geography, customs and so on. Language is one way that culture expresses itself. Therefore, two languages differ from each other in many aspects. Cultural untranslatability occurs when translating idi

42、oms, allusions and customary expressions. For example, in the sentence “A smart mouse has more than one hole. “ In the Chinese phrase, a rabbit is used instead of a mouse. But with the further communication between two cultures, the cultural barrier is lifted bit by bit. In this way, cultural untran

43、slatability is not as unsolvable as linguistic untranslatability.）解析：8.Answer the following questions briefly(大连理工大学 2005研，考试科目：英汉翻译)Domesticating method, which has been used for centuries in China, will be replaced by foreignizing method in literary translation, Professor Sun predicted. Why? Explai

44、n the trend.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：For China, the 21st Century is a new era. In this century, China succeeded in entering into World Trade Organization and began to face the great wave of globalization. Under this circumstance, international cultural exchanges become more frequent than before.

45、With the development of this trend, communication between different nations has been increasingly frequent. People have more opportunities to make themselves familiar with other cultures. In this case, foreignizing method in literary translation will get the upper hand.）解析：9.It is well known with tr

46、anslators that differences in moral values often pose difficulties and affect translators“ decision-making process in cross-cultural communication. Give one or two examples to illustrate this.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Moral values are the standards of good and evil, which govern an individual“s be

47、haviors and choices. An individual“s moral values may be derived from society and government, religion, or self. Different translators have different moral values. As a form of cross-cultural communication, translation is affected by moral values of translators. For example: What adults did for purp

48、ose of procreation was no business of hers. The translated versions: 成年人为了 繁殖后代 而做的事情与她根本不相干。(黄建人译) 成人为了 传宗接代 所做的事情跟她毫不相干。(主万译) The above two versions are different. It shows us how the moral values play the role. Zhu Wan was born and grew up in a scholar-gentry family in which his father, grandfather and his mother were all cultured in ancient Chinese literature. Under the nature of Chinese classical culture, he used words which had something with Chinese tradi