【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医诊断学(十二)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中医诊断学(十二)及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Selection to participate in a top executive-education program is an important rung on the ladder to top corporate jobs. U. S. corporations (1) billions of dollars in this form of management development - and use it to (2) an

2、d train fast-track managers. Yet one (3) of executive education found that less than 5% of the managers (4) to these high-profile programs are women - and minorities are terribly (5) as well.The numbers are (6) . In regular business (7) usually paid for by the participant, not an employer - there ar

3、e plenty of women and minorities. Women, for example, (8) for about 30% of MBA candidates. Yet in the (9) programs paid for by corporations that round out a managers credentials at a (10) career point, usually at age 40 or 45, companies are making only a (11) investment in developing female and mino

4、rity executives. A case (12) point: Only about 30% of the 180 executives in Stanfords recent (13) management program were women.Most companies say these days they are (14) hiring and promoting women and minorities- and there are some (15) trends in overall employment and pay levels so why are compan

5、ies (16) the ball when it (17) executive education? The schools (18) that they are neither the cause of nor the cure for the problem. A Harvard Business School dean figures that companies are (19) of sending their female executives (20) they dont want to lose them to competitors.（分数：10.00）(1).A endo

6、w B venture C invest D donate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A designate B identify C fabricate D approach（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A view B examination C survey D test（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A delivered B transported C transmitted D sent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A under-represented B underlined C underestimated D undermin

7、ed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A ridiculous B dreadful C shameful D cruel（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A projects B programs C plans D items（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A occupy B possess C account D take（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A privileged B prestigious C preferable D professional（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A important B key C weak

8、 D normal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A token B assurable C key D symbolic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A beside B up to C in D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A inferior B dependent Cjunior D advanced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A passively B aggressively C progressively D intensively（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A negative B right C p

9、ositive D wrong（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A dropping B carrying C bouncing D opening（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A comes in B comes to C comes on D comes from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A apprehend B verify C maintain D promise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A shy B coward C brave D fearful（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A that B while

10、C because D But（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It may not have generated much interest outside energy and investment circles, but a recent comment by Tidewater, Inc. president Dean Taylor sent earthquakes through the New Orleans busi

11、ness community. In June, Taylor told the Houston Chronicle that the international marine services companythe worlds largest operator of ships serving the offshore oil industrywas seriously considering moving its headquarters, along with scores of administrative jobs, from the Crescent City to Housto

12、n. “We have a lot of sympathy for the city,“ Taylor said. “But our shareholders dont pay us to have sympathy. They pay us to have results for them.“It was the last thing the hurricane-scarred city needed to hear. Tidewater was founded here a little more than 50 years ago, and kept its main office in

13、 New Orleans throughout the oil bust of the 1980s and the following decades of industry consolidation, when dozens of energy firms all but abandoned New Orleans for greener pastures on the Texas coast. In the nearly two years since Hurricane Katrina ravaged the city, the pace of exodus has accelerat

14、ed. complicating New Orleans halting recovery; according to the local business weekly CityBusiness, the metropolitan area has lost 12 of the 23 publicly traded companies headquartered here, taking white-collar jobs, corporate community support and sorely needed taxpayers with themand threatening to

15、leave the city even more dependent on a tourismbased economy than it was before the storm.Making matters worse, some observers say, is the city leaderships apparent indifference 10 the bloodletting. Just weeks after Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, Mayor Ray Nagin, then in the very early stages of

16、a heated reelection bid, dismissed warnings that many companies, like displaced residents, might opt to relocate. Nagin said he hoped they would stay. “But if they dont,“ he said with typical glibness, “Ill send them a postcard. “The comment might have been written off as one of Nagins many verbal m

17、issteps. But in the months that followed, the warnings turned out in many cases to be true, even as the citys rebuilding effort languished, infrastructure repairs limped along, the state reimbursement program for damaged homes faltered and the New Orleans infamous crime rate made a sickening comebac

18、k.New Orleans “wasnt considered a great city for doing business before the storm. People were always dribbling out,“ says Peter Ricchiuti, a professor of economics at Tulane University. While many of the companies that made it through the storm could stand to benefit from the city s recovery, he say

19、s, Katrina may have hastened the loss of high-paying energy jobs. “Were losing the white-collar jobs and keeping the blue-collar jobs,“ he says. “We re becoming much more of a blue-collar oil industry.“One of the latest examples is Chevron Corp., which is building new offices in the northern suburbs

20、, 40 miles north of the city across Lake Pontchartrain, and plans to transfer 550 employees from New Orleans to Covington by the end of the year. That would take well-paid people out of downtown New Orleans, a move that will impact the central business districts economy. “We made the decision in May

21、, 2006, when our employees were making important housing decisions,“ says Qi Wilson, a Chevron spokesperson. The company, like many employees, decided the north shore offered better security should another hurricane strike, along with fewer of the post-Katrina headaches that still plague the city. T

22、he move “will make it easier to retain the talent we have, and to attract new talent,“ Wilson says.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that.A Dean Taylor is also famous outside energy and investment circles.B shareholders are not paid to have sympathy.C many companies are plann

23、ing to move their offices into New Orleans.D shareholders are more concerned with performance.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “exodus“ (line 5, paragraph 2) most probably meansA emigration. B exit. C hurricane. D reconstruction.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Mayor Ray Nagin is quoted in the 3rd paragraph toA st

24、ress the consequences of careless talking by politicians.B show the local governments indifference to the exodus.C illustrate the city s efforts in rebuilding their infrastructure.D criticize his strange hobby of sending postcards to companies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Peter Ricchiuti, New O

25、rleansA is often struck by hurricanes such as Katrina.B no longer paid white collars as much as before.C failed to recover from the storm as planned.D will lose more while-collar jobs in oil industry after the storm.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to Wilson, Chevron intends to transfer its employees

26、chiefly toA find a safer place for both business and living.B protect the company from other possible storms.C maintain the number of their employees.D downtown New Orleans is no longer a business center.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the ex

27、istence of secret CIA prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects100 in all, officials say-have been interrogated with “an alternative set of procedures“. Fourteen of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American n

28、aval base at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before special military commissions.Many of these men-as Mr. Bush confirmed in a televised speech at the White House on September 6th-are al-Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information that

29、 could “save American lives“. “In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can be held secretly (and) questioned by experts,“ the president said. He declined to say where they had been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantanamo,

30、as some 770 other suspected terrorists have been.Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interrogation methods had been used, saying only that, though “tough“, they had been “safe and lawful and necessary“. Many believe that the main purpose of the CIAs prisons was to hide from prying eyes the torture

31、and other cruel or degrading treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. Bush insisted that America did not torture: “Its against our laws, and its against our values. I have not authorised it and I will not authorise it.“The pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army Fiel

32、d Manual, forbidding all forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army personnel-though not the CIA. For the first time, it specifically bans forced nakedness, hooding, the Use of dogs, sexual humiliation and “waterboarding“ (simulated drowning)-all practices that have been used at G

33、uantanamo and Abu Ghraib.So why did the president decide now to reveal the CIAs secret programme? Partly, he confessed; because of the Supreme Courts recent ruling that minimum protections under the Geneva Conventions applied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put America

34、n agents at risk of prosecution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspected terrorists from suing American personnel in federal courts.（分数：10.00）(1).In terms of literary device, the phrase “an alternative set of procedures“ in the first paragraph of the text is a kind of _.A hyp

35、erbole B euphemism C black humor D stream of consciousness（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Mr. Bushs attitude toward the publics remarks is _.A consent B hesitation C denial D approval（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The term “declined“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes _.A refused B droppe

36、d C dived D compromised（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, the old Army Field Manual lacks _.A some forms of degrading treatment of prisonersB the trials of time by the CIAC torture by army personnel in Abu GhraibD specific ban on “water-boarding/（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, t

37、he president admits to some “alternative“ method due to _.A charity impulse B economic recessionC domestic booming D legal pressure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The human Y chromosome-the DNA chunk that makes a man a man-has lost so many genes over evolutionary time that some scientists h

38、ave suspected it might disappear in 10 million years. But a new study says itll stick around.Researchers found no sign of gene loss over the past 6 million years, suggesting the chromosome is “doing a pretty good job of maintaining itself,“ said researcher David Page of the Whitehead Institute for B

39、iomedical Research in Cambridge, Mass.That agrees with prior mathematical calculations that suggested the rate of gene loss would slow as the chromosome evolved, Page and study co-authors note in Thursdays issue of the journal Nature. And, they say, it clashes with what Page called the “imminent dem

40、ise“ idea that says the Y chromosome is doomed to extinction.The Y appeared 300 million years ago and has since eroded into a dinky chromosome, because it lacks the mechanism other chromosomes have to get rid of damaged DNA. So mutations have disabled hundreds of its original genes, causing them to

41、be shed as useless. The Y now contains only 27 genes or families of virtually identical genes.In 2003, Page reported that the modern-day Y has an unusual mechanism to fix about half of its genes and protect them from disappearing. But he said some scientists disagreed with his conclusion. The new pa

42、per focuses on a region of the Y chromosome where genes cant be fixed that way.Researchers compared the human and chimpanzee versions of this region. Humans and chimps have been evolving separately for about 6 million years, so scientists reasoned that the comparisons would reveal genes that have be

43、come disabled in one species or the other during that time.They found five such genes on the chimp chromosome, but none on the human chromosome, an imbalance Page called surprising. “It looks like there has been little if any gene loss in our own species lineage in the last 6 million years,“ Page sa

44、id. That contradicts the idea that the human Y chromosome has continued to lose genes so fast itll disappear in 10 million years, he said. “I think we can with confidence dismiss . the imminent demise theory,“ Page said.Jennifer A. Marshall Graves of the Australian National University in Canberra, a

45、 gene researcher who argues for eventual extinction of the Y chromosome, called Pages work “beautiful“ but said it didnt shake her conviction that the Y is doomed.The only real question is when, not if, the Y chromosome disappears, she said. “It could be a lot shorter than 10 million years, but it c

46、ould be a lot longer,“ she said.The Y chromosome has already disappeared in some other animals, and “theres no reason to expect it cant happen to humans,“ she said. If it happened in people, some other chromosome would probably take over the sex-determining role of the Y, she said.（分数：10.00）(1).It c

47、an be inferred from the first 3 paragraphs thatA the human Y chromosome has stopped evolution.B a man will no longer be a man in 10 million years.C scientists are divided on the latest issue of Y chromosome.D mathematical calculations are important in genetic studies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Page seems

48、to believe thatA the gene loss of Y chromosome is sure and fast.B the gene loss of chromosome is quite slow.C the Y chromosome is facing “imminent demise“.D the Y chromosome will be replaced by a new one.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “dinky“ ( paragraph 4) most probably meansA dirty. B tricky. C mal-functional. D defective.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Jennifer seems to believe thatA the extinction of Y chromosome is inevitable.B Pages research is more beautiful than hers.C the “imminent demise“ theory is nonsense.D whether Y chromosome will disapp