【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-7及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语(一)-7 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Millions of dollars often depend on the choice of which commercial to use in launching a new product. So you show the commercials to a (1) of typical consumers and ask their opinion. The answers you get can sometimes lead you i

2、nto a big (2) . Respondents may lie just to be polite.Now some companies and major advertising (3) have been hiring voice detectives who test your normal voice and then record you on tape (4) commenting on a product. A computer analyzes the degree and direction of change (5) normal. One kind of dive

3、rgence of pitch means the subject (6) . Another kind means he was really enthusiastic. In a testing of two commercials (7) children, they were, vocally, about equally (8) of both, but the computer reported their emotional (9) in the two was totally different.Most major commercials are sent for testi

4、ng to theaters (10) with various electronic measuring devices. People regarded as (11) are brought in off the street. Viewers can push buttons to (12) whether they are interested or bored.Newspaper and magazine groups became intensely interested in testing their ads for a product (13) TV ads for the

5、 same product. They were interested because the main (14) of evidence shows that people (15) a lot more mental activity when they read (16) when they sit in front of the TV set. TV began to be (17) “a low-involvement“ (18) . It is contended that low involvement means that there is less (19) that the

6、 ad message will be (20) .（分数：10.00）A.packB.flockC.multipleD.bulkA.lossB.panicC.benefitD.surpriseA.hostsB.advocatesC.agenciesD.opponentsA.asB.ifC.thoughD.whileA.towardB.intoC.fromD.toA.aggravatedB.liedC.boastedD.misunderstoodA.withB.aboutC.onD.ofA.conformingB.agreeingC.conceivingD.approvingA.involve

7、mentB.responseC.reflectionD.moodA.fedB.suppliedC.providedD.equippedA.independentB.ordinaryC.typicalD.averageA.demonstrateB.designateC.debateD.indicateA.as withB.againstC.as toD.underA.numberB.seriesC.bodyD.proportionA.exhibitB.extendC.expandD.exertA.orB.thanC.andD.versusA.regardedB.labeledC.assumedD

8、.recognizedA.meansB.methodC.mediumD.measureA.opportunityB.scopeC.chanceD.capacityA.rejectedB.reviewedC.revivedD.remembered二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer - government or private - shou

9、ld have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in ear

10、nings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a po

11、sitive effect on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchss results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14. 6 percent greater than the earnin

12、gs of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private emplo

13、yer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of White male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from th

14、e sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities. ) Browns research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the studys results. Browns results sugges

15、t that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.One can infer from Browns results that consumers discriminate against self-employ

16、ed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.Browns results are clearly consistent with Fuchss argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on t

17、he earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discrimina

18、te against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on womens earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.（分数：10.00）(1).The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following conclus

19、ions?A Both private employers and government employers discriminate, with equal effects on womens earnings.B If private employers and government employers discriminate, the discrimination by private employers has a greater effect on womens earnings.C Private employers discriminate; it is possible th

20、at government employers discriminate.D Private employers discriminate; government employers do not discriminate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Browns study, womens earnings categories occur in which of the following orders, from highest earnings to lowest earnings?（分数：2.00）A.Government employment

21、, self-employment, private employment.B.Private employment, self-employment, government employment.C.Government employment, private employment, self-employment.D.Self-employment, private employment, government employment.(3).The text mentions all of the following as difficulties that self-employed w

22、omen may encounter EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.discrimination from suppliers and consumers.B.discrimination from financial institutions.C.problems in obtaining good employees.D.problems in obtaining government assistance.(4).It can be inferred from the text that what is stated in the last paragraph is most pro

23、bably（分数：2.00）A.Browns elaboration of his research results.B.Browns tentative inferences from his data.C.Browns conclusions based on common-sense reasoning.D.the authors conclusion, based on Fuchss and Browns results.(5).The best title which describes the content of the text as a whole would be（分数：2

24、.00）A.The Relative Effect of Discrimination by Government Employers, Private Employers, and Consumers on Womens Earnings.B.How Discrimination Affects Womens Choice of Type of Employment.C.The Necessity for Eliminating Earnings Differentials in a Free Market Economy.D.The Relative Effect of Private E

25、mployer Discrimination on Mens Earnings as Compared to Womens Earnings.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance to become familiar with bodies of knowledge already discovered to those who wi

26、shed it. To create and to impart, these were the distinctive features of American higher education prior to the most recent, disorderly decades of the twentieth century. The successful institution of higher learning had never been one whose mission could be defined in terms of providing vocational s

27、kills or as a strategy for resolving societal problems. In a subtle way Americans believed higher education to be useful, but not necessarily of immediate use.Another purpose has now been assigned to the mission of American colleges and universities. Institutions of higher learning-public or private

28、-commonly face the challenge of defining their programs in such a way as to contribute to the service of the community.This service role has various applications. Most common are programs to meet the demands of regional employment markets, to provide opportunities for upward social and economic mobi

29、lity, to achieve racial, ethnic, or social integration, or more generally to produce “productive“ as compared to “ educated“ graduates. Regardless of its precise definition, the idea of a service-university has won acceptance within the academic community.One need only be reminded of the change in l

30、anguage describing the two-year college to appreciate the new value currently being attached to the concept of a service-related university. The traditional two-year college has shed its pejorative “junior“ college label and is generally called a “community“ college, a clearly value-laden expression

31、 representing the latest commitment in higher education. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “union card“ in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a profes

32、sors classroom duties. The idea of a college or university that performs a triple function-communicating knowledge to students, expanding the content of various disciplines, and interacting in a direct relationship with society-has been the most important change in higher education in recent years.T

33、his novel development, however, is often overlooked. Educators have always been familiar with those parts of the two-year college curriculum that have a “service“ or vocational orientation. It is important to know this. But some commentaries on American postsecondary education tend to underplay the

34、impact of the attempt of colleges and universities to relate to, if not resolve, the problems of society. Whats worse, they obscure a fundamental question posed by the service-university-what is higher education supposed to do?（分数：10.00）(1).The opening paragraph is written in Order to state（分数：2.00）

35、A.the future usefulness of the knowledge obtained in college.B.the missions of different educational institutions in America.C.the purpose of American postsecondary education in the past.D.the history of the development of American higher education.(2).One of the recent, important changes in higher

36、education relates to（分数：2.00）A.curriculum updates.B.service-education concepts.C.imparting knowledge to students.D.combining education with production.(3).The service role of colleges specifically aims to（分数：2.00）A.improve services.B.serve the community.C.provide skills for future use.D.make graduat

37、es employable.(4).It can be inferred from the text that there exists a tendency to（分数：2.00）A.play down the service-university.B.highlight service-education functions.C.alter the mission of primary education.D.exaggerate the change in higher education.(5).The authors attitude toward the service-educa

38、tion concept is（分数：2.00）A.radical.B.impartial.C.optimistic.D.supportive.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where the majority of the Black population had been located, and migrated to norther

39、n states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that most of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of cotton indus

40、try following boll weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants subsequent lack of economic mobil

41、ity in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.But the question of who actually left the South has never been investigated in detail. Although numerous investigations document a flight from rural southern areas

42、to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits“, the federal cens

43、us category roughly including the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be tempted to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then preva

44、lent in the South.About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery-blacksmiths, masons, carpenters-which had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mecha

45、nization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries-tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, th

46、at they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for

47、industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural backgrounds comes into question.（分数：10.00）(1).The author indicates explicitly th

48、at which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation?（分数：2.00）A.United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930.B.The volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910.C.The federal census of 1910.D.Advertisements of labor recruiters appearing in southern

49、newspapers after 1910.(2).According to the text, which of the following is true of wages in southern cities in 1910?（分数：2.00）A.They were being pushed lower as a result of increased competition.B.They began to rise so that southern industry could attract rural workers.C.They had increased for skilled workers but decreased for unskilled workers.D.They had increased in large southern cities but decreased in small southern ones.(3).It can be inferred from the text that the “easy conclusion“ mentioned in the last sentence is based on the assumption th