【考研类试卷】清华大学真题2007年及答案解析.doc

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1、清华大学真题 2007 年及答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Sometimes, over a span of many Years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever-increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new

2、 stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc., while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls).When this happens, the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take, for

3、example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80%, profits by over 100%, and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 mig

4、ht have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today, however, the equation is completely different-despite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, t

5、wice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca

6、-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36.10 and $54.30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $1.40 and paid a cash dividend of $0.50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $2.48. Last year, t

7、he stock traded within a range of $40.30 and $45.30 per share; squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnant stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2.16 (a rise of 54%), the ca

8、sh dividend has more than doubled to $1.20, book value is expected to have grown to $7.40 per share (a gain of nearly 300%), and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿 付的, 未完成的) has actually decreased from 2.481 billion to an estimated 2.355 billion due to the companys share repurchase program.（

9、分数：10.00）(1).This passage is probably a part of_A. Find Hidden Value in the Market B. Become RicherC. Get Good Bargains D. Identify Good Companies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The italicized word “stagnant“ (Line 4, Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as_A. prominent B. terrible C. unchanged D. progressing（分数：2

10、.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because_A. it has stored a large quantity of goodsB. it has become financially more powerfulC. it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyD. it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).All t

11、he following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT_A. the cash dividend has increasedB. the earning power has become strongerC. both businesses have continued to growD. the stock price has greatly decreased（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the author, one had betterA. buy more shares when the

12、stock price falls downB. sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC. do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls downD. invest in the business when its stock price falls down（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Todays college students are more narcissistic (自恋的) and self-centered th

13、an their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society.“We need to stop endlessly repeating Youre special and having children repeat that back,“ said the studys lead author, Professo

14、r Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. “Kids are self-centered enough already. Unfortunately, narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with others,“ he said. The study asserts that narcissists “are more likely to have roman

15、tic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors“. Twenge, the author of “Generation Me: Why Todays Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled- and More Miserable Th

16、an Ever Before“, said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others.Some analysts have commended todays young people for increased commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high

17、schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications.Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “Permissiveness seems to be a component,“ he said. “A potential antidote w

18、ould be more authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for.“Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, dont necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader, a University of Washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer h

19、elping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁；灰心) by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status. “Were encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in y

20、our way,“ Kader said. “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships.“Kari Dalane, a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered. “People are worried about themselves-but in the sense of wh

21、ere are theyre going to find a place in the world,“ she said. “People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesnt mean theyre not concerned about the rest of the world.“Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said. “It would be more depressin

22、g if people answered, No, you are not special./（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, a narcissistic person may_A. hate criticism B. be dishonest to his / her partnerC. be unwilling to help others D. all the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The italicized word “commended“(Line 1, Para.3) means_A. praised

23、B. criticized C. recommended D. disfavored（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Narcissism may result in bad consequences.B. College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C. Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narms

24、sism upsurge.D. Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It is implied that_A. both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB. the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC. the researchers and

25、 college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD. college students are pessimistic about their future（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It is proper to be_when you hear someone say “you are special“.A. objective B. pessimistic C. optimistic D. worried（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The House is expected to pass

26、a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries.The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote c

27、ards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed.Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of I

28、ndependent Business, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isnt about preventing increased unionization, its about protecting rights,“ said the National Association of Manufa

29、cturers Jason Straczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫,胁迫) from unions.Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers

30、 talking to workers arent,“ Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005.Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The change would only take th

31、e control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,“ said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact o

32、n the local level.The bill has other provisions (规定,条款) as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration (仲裁) when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect

33、for 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional“. “I dont see how it will benefit employees if theyre locked into a contract,“ said Straczewski.The bills proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. The Federal Mediatio

34、n and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As it stands, the law o

35、n the books hasnt changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the pa

36、ssage?A. House bill aims to spur labor union growth.B. House bill aims to counter labor union growth.C. Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment.D. Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees income.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to its opponents, the bill_A. will protect employees righ

37、tsB. will benefit workers by binding contractsC. will empower unions too muchD. makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “it“ (Line 5, Para. 5) refers to_A. the change B. the legislationC. the AFL-CIO D. the difference（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).People s

38、upport the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT_A. the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industriesB. the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelC. binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if

39、a contract cant be agreed on between a recently established union and a companyD. the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It is implied that_A. fewer private industries joined unions in the pastB. workers coercion often c

40、omes from unionsC. the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD. punishment authorized by the bill will be lighter（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many peoples views on race, history and politics. The following is a s

41、ampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals.Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learning to fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself. Six years later, he was

42、 an Olympic boxing champion, going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became known as much for his swagger (趾高气扬) outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in 1965, changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U.S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained pop

43、ular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinsons disease, even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks.W. E. B. Du Bois Born William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868, this Massach

44、usetts native was one of the most prominent, prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic, activist and historian, Du Bois co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), edited “The Crisis“ magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly art

45、icles. In perhaps his most famous work, “The Souls of Black Folk“, published in 1903, he predicted “the problem of 20th century would be the problem of the color-line“.Martin Luther King Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American ci

46、vil rights movement. He spearheaded (带头,作先 锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches, sit-ins, boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans attitudes toward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concept

47、s of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965. Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lees 1992 movie “Malcolm X“ was released.Jack

48、ie Robinson In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U.S. major leagues. After retirement from baseball in 1957, he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962, he became the first African-Amer

49、ican to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A. He never served in the army.B. He learned to fight at an early age.C. His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.D. He loves peace.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The italicized word “prolific“ (Line 2, Para. 3) is synonymous to_A. smart B. skilled C. productive D. pioneering（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true