【考研类试卷】清华大学真题2004年及答案解析.doc

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1、清华大学真题 2004 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was _.（分数：1.00）A.torrentB.transientC.tensileD.textured2.Nobody knew how he came up with this _ idea about the trip.（分数：1.00）A.wearyB.twilightC.unanimous

2、D.weird3.The flower under the sun would _ quickly without any protection.（分数：1.00）A.winkB.withholdC.witherD.widower4.The _ of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.（分数：1.00）A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription5.He _ hims

3、elf bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.（分数：1.00）A.repealedB.resentedC.relayedD.reproached6.Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a event.（分数：1.00）A.cholesterolB.charcoalC.catastrophicD.chronic7.He cut the string and held up the two _ to tie the

4、box.（分数：1.00）A.segmentsB.sedimentsC.seizuresD.secretes8.All the musical instruments in the orchestra will be _ before it starts.（分数：1.00）A.civilizedB.chatteredC.chamberedD.chorded9.When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be _.（分数：1.00）A.commencedB.co

5、mpressedC.compromisedD.compensated10.She made two copies of this poem and posted them _ to different publishers.（分数：1.00）A.sensationallyB.simultaneouslyC.strenuouslyD.simply11.The _ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.（分数：1.00）A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.cla

6、tter12.Business in this area has been _ because prices are too high.（分数：1.00）A.prosperousB.secretiveC.slackD.shrill13.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad _ when she was ill and had no money.（分数：1.00）A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment14.He added a _ to his letter by saying that he

7、would arrive before 8 pm.（分数：1.00）A.presidencyB.prestigeC.postscriptD.preliminary15.Some linguists believe that the _ age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.（分数：1.00）A.optimisticB.optionalC.optimalD.oppressed16.It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the _

8、of their cities.（分数：1.00）A.paradisesB.omissionsC.orchardsD.outskirts17.The meeting was _ over by the mayor of the city.（分数：1.00）A.presumedB.proposedC.presentedD.presided18.The crowd _ into the hall and some had to stand outside. A. outgrew B, overthrew C. overpassed D. overflew（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.It

9、 was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours.（分数：1.00）A.retardedB.retiredC.refrainedD.retreated20.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes _ over all the other issues.（分数：1.00）A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)BDirections:/B There a

10、re 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Governments that want their people to

11、 prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argue

12、d that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individ

13、ual rights,“ he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often

14、 called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,“ he argues. “There is no private pro

15、perty without government-individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.“Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how

16、 small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks . if we could not rely on the bank having to h

17、onor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,“ Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of government

18、s setting both prices find the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is l

19、ack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力) to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade., and therefore at least some economic advance,“ Olson concludes.（分数：10.00）(

20、1).Which of the following is true about Olson?（分数：2.00）A.He was a fiction writer.B.He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C.He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D.He was against the ownership of private property.(2).Which of the following represents Olsons point of view?（分数：2.00）A.Prot

21、ecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B.Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C.Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D.In some countries, people dont have secure individual rights because theyre poor.(3).What does

22、Olson think about mass production?（分数：2.00）A.Its capital intensive.B.Its property intensive.C.It relies on individual labor.D.It relies on individual skills.(4).What is the basis for the banking system?（分数：2.00）A.Contract system that can be enforced.B.Peoples willingness to deposit money in banks.C.

23、The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D.The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.(5).According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?（分数：2.00）A.government interventionB.lack of secure individual rightsC.bein

24、g short of capitalD.lack of a free marketWhere one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clo

25、ckwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest ba

26、by is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food,

27、is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading a

28、nd writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to r

29、ead before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between

30、 children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good e

31、xamples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs o

32、f the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well-being.（分数：10.00）(1).The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children _.（分数：2.00）A.is to send them to clinicsB.offers recapture of earlier experiencesC.is in the provision of clo

33、ckwork toys and trainsD.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced(2).The child in the nursery _.（分数：2.00）A.quickly learns to wait for foodB.doesnt initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC.always accepts the rhythm of the world around himD.always feels the word around him is w

34、arm and friendly(3).The encouragement of children to achieve new skills _.（分数：2.00）A.can never be taken too farB.should be left to school teachersC.will always assist their developmentD.should be balanced between two extremes(4).Jigsaw puzzles are _.（分数：2.00）A.too difficult for childrenB.a kind of b

35、uilding-block toyC.not very entertaining for adultsD.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation(5).Parental controls and discipline _.（分数：2.00）A.serve a dual purposeB.should be avoided as much as possibleC.reflect the values of the communityD.are designed to promote the childs happinessMore tha

36、n half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who arent Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, its almost cer

37、tain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish“ when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselv

38、es as Jewish. But when the father wasnt Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasnt Jewish, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.“ Linda Sax is a

39、 professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasnt actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. S

40、he says its obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says its not clear at this point why thats the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. Thats something that the study that I co

41、mpleted was not able to do. We didnt have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new studys going to cover some of that,“ she says.Jay Rubin is executive

42、director of Hillel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, its an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults,

43、those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish, and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.（分数：10.00）(1).The best title of this passa

44、ge is _.（分数：2.00）A.Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB.Jewish Identity in AmericaC.Judaism-a Religion?D.College Jewish Students(2).Among the freshmen at UCLA _ thought themselves as Jewish.（分数：2.00）A.mostB.93% of those whose parents were both JewishC.62% of those only whose father were JewishD.15% of

45、 those only whose mother were Jewish(3).The phrase “interfaith marriage“ in the Paragraph 3 refers to the _.（分数：2.00）A.marriage of people based on mutual beliefB.marriage of people for the common faithC.marriage of people of different religious faithsD.marriage of people who have faith in each other

46、(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Saxs research?（分数：2.00）A.The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B.The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C.The research survey didnt find out what and how th

47、ese Jewish students think about their religion.D.The research presents a new perspective for the future study.(5).Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B.Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and its an experience.C.Hil

48、lel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D.Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. F

49、inding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This nongovernmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical