【考研类试卷】考博英语-试卷268及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-试卷 268 及答案解析(总分：114.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.The mayor was asked to_his speech in order to allow his audience to raise questions.（分数：2.00）A.constrainB.conductC.condenseD.converge2.The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased _, a wi

2、der range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.（分数：2.00）A.circulationB.reproductionC.manipulationD.penetration3.If I had a car of my own, I_it to your sister yesterday.（分数：2.00）A.will lendB.would lendC.should lendD.would have lent4.The newcomers found it impossible to_themselves to the

3、 climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.（分数：2.00）A.suitB.adaptC.regulateD.coordinate5.Its a program designed to_mainly to 16 to 25 year olds.（分数：2.00）A.includeB.appreciateC.appealD.conduct6.The actress lives in a very fashionable_of town.（分数：2.00）A.positionB.componentC.quart

4、erD.zone7.The store displayed its most_products in the front window.（分数：2.00）A.modelB.presentC.distinctiveD.favorite8.Bob fails to attend the evening school. He_sick, because he never asks for leave.（分数：2.00）A.may beB.can beC.must beD.is9._that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to wor

5、k much better.（分数：2.00）A.ForB.NowC.SinceD.Despite10.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his_to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.（分数：2.00）A.commentB.reactionC.impressionD.comprehension11.Although the accident did very little_to the car, I stil

6、l suggest that you drive more carefully next time.（分数：2.00）A.demolishmentB.ruinC.destructionD.damage12.We had to_a lot of noise when the children were at home.（分数：2.00）A.go in forB.hold on toC.put up withD.keep pace with13.Criticism and self-criticism are necessary_they help us to find and correct o

7、ur mistakes.（分数：2.00）A.by thatB.at thatC.on thatD.in that14.However, at times this balance in nature is_, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.（分数：2.00）A.troubledB.disturbedC.confusedD.puzzled15.He offered to_her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry.（分数：2.00）A.helpB.

8、showC.lendD.borrow16.The patients health failed to such an extent that he was put into_ care.（分数：2.00）A.tenseB.rigidC.intensiveD.tight17.A persons calorie requirements vary_his life.（分数：2.00）A.acrossB.throughoutC.overD.within18.Generous public funding of basic science would_considerable benefits for

9、 the countrys health, wealth and security.（分数：2.00）A.lead toB.result fromC.lie inD.settle down19.In a time of social reform, peoples state of mind tends to keep_with the rapid changes of society.（分数：2.00）A.stepB.progressC.paceD.touch20.Harry was_by a bee when he was collecting the honey.（分数：2.00）A.s

10、tungB.stuckC.bittenD.scratched二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：30.00)In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had【C1】_that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation h

11、as shown that【C2】_variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the【C3】_are not solely fixed by the genes.【C4】_, the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly【C5】_inst

12、inctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best【C6】_the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly【C7】_they hatch, ducklings fix【C8】_any obje

13、ct about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are【C9】_for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably【C10】_, even ones that have a considerable base【C11】_by genetics. Even among th

14、e social insects something like imprinting【C12】_influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 【C13】_instinct. But, in examining a “dance“ that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in

15、 isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally【C14】_very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the in

16、fant upside down or【C15】_fail to nurture the young.（分数：30.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.assumedB.adoptedC.believedD.surmised(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.considerateB.consideredC.considerableD.considering(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.statuesB.statusesC.statutesD.statures(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.Whats moreB.HenceC.ButD.However(5).【C5】（

17、分数：2.00）A.notB.onlyC.butD.solely(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.clarifiesB.classifiesC.definesD.outlines(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.thanB.beforeC.whenD.after(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.onB.withC.inD.within(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.appropriatedB.substitutedC.assignedD.distributed(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.variedB.deviatedC.differedD.altered(11

18、).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.fashionedB.modifiedC.influencedD.affected(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.can(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.byB.out ofC.fromD.through(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.proveB.makeC.turnD.create(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.otherwiseB.stillC.yetD.even三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Humanity uses a litt

19、le less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts thi

20、nk we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the worldif we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking a

21、t water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all used except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This mea

22、ns charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale proj

23、ects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, re

24、gional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?（分数：2.00）A.Only half of the worlds water can be used.B.The world population is increasing f

25、aster and faster.C.Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.D.Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.(2).As indicated in the passage, the water problem_.（分数：2.00）A.is already serious in certain parts of the worldB.has been exaggerated by some experts in th

26、e fieldC.poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD.is underestimated by government organizations at different levels(3).According to the author, the water price should_.（分数：2.00）A.be reduced to the minimumB.stimulate domestic demandC.correspond to its real valueD.take into account

27、the occurrences of droughts(4).The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to_.（分数：2.00）A.build big lakes to store waterB.construct big pumping stationsC.build small and cheap irrigation systemsD.channel water from nearby rivers to cropland(5).In order to raise the efficiency of t

28、he water supply, measures should be taken to_.（分数：2.00）A.guarantee full protection of the environmentB.centralize the management of water resourcesC.increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsD.encourage local and regional protection of water resourcesEvery night she listened to h

29、er father going around the house, locking the doors and windows. She listened; the back door closed; she could hear the fastener of the kitchen windows click, and the restless pad of his feet going back to try the front door. It wasnt only the outside doors he locked; he locked the empty kitchen too

30、. He was looking something out, but obviously it was something capable of entering into his first defenses. He raised his second line all the way up to bed. In fourteen years, she thought unhappily, the house will be his; he had paid twenty-five pounds down and the rest he was paying month by month

31、as rent. “Of course,“ he was in the habit of saying, “Ive improved the property. “ “Yes,“ he repeated, “Ive improved the property,“ looking around for a nail to drive in, a weed to uproot. It was more than a sense of property; it was a sense of honesty. Some people who bought their homes through the

32、 society let them go to rack and ruin and then cleared out. She stood with her ear against the wall, a small, dark, angry, immature figure. There was no more to be heard from the other room; but in her inner ear she still heard the footsteps of a property owner, the tap-tap of a hammer, the scrape o

33、f a spade, the whistle of radiator steam, a key turning, a bolt pushed home, the little busy sounds of men building barriers. She stood planning.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE of the father in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.He thought a lot about his daughters future.B.He saved a lot of money

34、for his daughter.C.He thought that he was secure.D.He avoided his neighbors on purpose.(2).From the passage we can see that the father is_.（分数：2.00）A.kind to his daughter and neighborsB.cruel to his daughter and neighborsC.systematical in his actionsD.careful about his appearance(3).According to the

35、 passage, the daughters attitude toward her father is of_.（分数：2.00）A.slight dislikeB.great disapprovalC.strong loveD.grateful acceptance(4).Which of the following feelings is conveyed in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Tenseness.B.Peace.C.Nervousness.D.Happiness.(5).All of the following are true EXCEPT that_

36、.（分数：2.00）A.the father built his defenses carefullyB.some property owners let their homes go worseC.the daughter was thin and very youngD.the father punished the girl when she was youngThe Internet is a global network that connects other computer networks, together with software and protocols for co

37、ntrolling the movement of data. The Internet, often referred to as “the Net“, was initiated in 1969 by a group of universities and private research groups funded by the US Department of Defense. It now covers almost every country in the world. Its organization is informal and deliberately nonpolitic

38、al; its controllers tend to concentrate on technical aspects rather than on administrative control. The Internet offers users a number of basic services including data transfer, electronic mail, and the ability to access information in remote databases. A notable feature is the existence of user gro

39、ups, which allow people to exchange information and debate specific subjects of interest. In addition, there are a number of high-level services. For example, MBONE allows the transmission of messages to more than one destination. It is used in videoconferencing. The World Wide Web, known as “the We

40、b“, is another high level Internet service, developed in the 1990s in Geneva. It is a service for distributing multimedia information, including graphics, pictures, sounds, and video as well as text. A feature of the World Wide Web is that it allows links to other related documents elsewhere on the

41、Internet. Documents for publication on the Web are presented in a form known as HTML(hypertext mark up language). This allows a specification of the page layout and typography as it will appear on the screen. It also allows the inclusion of active links to other documents. Generally, these appear on

42、 the screen display as highlighted text or as additional icons. Typically, the user can use a mouse to “click“ on one of these points to load and view a related document. Many commercial and public organizations now have their own Web site(specified by an address code)and publish a “home page“, givi

43、ng information about the organization. Up to the mid-1990s, the major users of the Internet were academic and research organizations. This has begun to change rapidly with individual home users linking in through commercial access providers and with a growing interest by companies in using the Inter

44、net for publicity, sales, and as a medium for electronic publishing. At the same time, there are problems with the flow of information across national borders, bringing in debates about copyright protection, data protection, the publication of pornography, and ultimately political control and censor

45、ship.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph, we learn that the Internet_.（分数：2.00）A.was initiated by the US Department of Defense in 1969B.was only able to connect computers into networks at its beginningC.has not any kind of organization behind it at allD.works independently of any governmental con

46、trol(2).Access to remote information_.（分数：2.00）A.is a high level service provided by the InternetB.is the most notable feature with the InternetC.is a basic function performed by the InternetD.can only be achieved by the Internet(3).It can be inferred that the development of HTML prepared the way fo

47、r_.（分数：2.00）A.even farther information transferB.online commercial promotionsC.academic usesD.distributing multimedia information(4).Which of the following is not a problem brought in by the popularization of the Internet?（分数：2.00）A.Difficulty in inspecting the content of publications.B.Difficulty i

48、n protecting copyright across national borders.C.Difficulty in promoting sales of superior products.D.The possibility that potentially harmful content may be published.(5).This passage focuses on_.（分数：2.00）A.the instructions for the Internet usersB.the historical development of the InternetC.the kin

49、ds of data transferred through the InternetD.the problems brought about by the InternetPublication of this survey had originally been intended to coincide with the annual meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, scheduled for September 29th30th in Washington, D. C. Those meetings, and the big anti-globalization protests that ha