【考研类试卷】考博英语-96及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-96 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. No

2、body knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B.C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use:

3、 it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is belie

4、ved that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and autho

5、rity. By16800 the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn“t until the twentieth

6、 century that women“s umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.（分数：25.00）(1).The first use of umbrella was as _.（分数：5.00）A.protection against rainB.a shade against the sunC.a symbol of powerD.a symbol of honor(2)._ were the people who first used umbrellas.（分数：5.00）A.ChineseB.RomansC.G

7、reeksD.Egyptians(3).The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices _.（分数：5.00）A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient timesD.during the Middle Ages(4).According to the passage, which of the following is not true?（分数：5.00）A.Women en

8、joy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.(5).Which of the following is the best title of the passage?（分数：5.00）A.When Was the Umbrella Inv

9、ented?B.The History of UmbrellaC.UmbrellaA Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins we

10、re made in England. “One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And th

11、e important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.“ Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pin

12、s a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people

13、can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only

14、enables people to produce more of what they already have.（分数：25.00）(1).According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to _.（分数：5.00）A.take advantage of the division of laborB.introduce the division of labor into EnglandC.understand the effects of the division of laborD.explain the causes

15、of the division of labor(2).Adam Smith saw that the division of labor _.（分数：5.00）A.enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB.increased the possible output per workerC.increased the number of people employed in factoriesD.improved the quality of pins produced(3).Adam Smith menti

16、oned the number 4,800 in order to _.（分数：5.00）A.show the advantages of the division of laborB.show the advantages of the old craft systemC.emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasD.emphasize the importance of increased production(4).According to the writer, Adam Smith“s mistake was in believi

17、ng that division of labor _.（分数：5.00）A.was an efficient way of organizing workB.was an important development in methods of productionC.certainly led to economic developmentD.increased the production of existing goods(5).Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage?（分数：5

18、.00）A.Adam Smith, the English EconomistB.The Theory of Division of LaborC.Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing WorkD.Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of Labor四、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can no

19、w watch the Corporation“s news coverage, as well as listen to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, edu

20、cation, religion, parliamentary coverage, children“s pragrammes and films for an annual licence fee of 83 pounds per household. It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 yearsyet the BBC“s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, a

21、t least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBCincluding ordinary listeners and viewersto say what was good or bad about the Corpor

22、ation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC“s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes. Defenders of the Corporationof whom there are manyare fond of quoting the American

23、slogan “If it ain“t broke, don“t fix it.“ The BBC “ain“t broke“, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word “broke“, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it? Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commerci

24、al TV channelsTV and Channel 4were required by the Thatcher Government“s “Broadcasting Act“ to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channelsfunded partly by advertising and partly by viewers“ subscriptio

25、ns-which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.（分数：25.00）(1).The world famous BBC now faces _.（分数：6.25）A.the problem of new coverageB.an uncertain prospectC.inquiries by the general publicD.shrinkage of audience(2).In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned

26、 as the key issue?（分数：6.25）A.Extension of its TV service to Far East.B.Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.C.Potentials for further international co-operations.D.Its existence as a broadcasting organization.(3).The BBC“s “royal charter“ (Line 4, Para. 4) stands for _.（分数：6.25）A.the fin

27、ancial support from the royal familyB.the privileges granted by the QueenC.a contract with the QueenD.a unique relationship with the royal family(4).The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than _.（分数：6.25）A.the emergence of commercial TV channelsB.the enforcement of “Broad

28、casting Act“ by the governmentC.the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobsD.the challenge of new satellite channels五、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and can“t be told from one another. But many of them still tal

29、k about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of. The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France. One problem the United States has always had is

30、discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enou

31、gh the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians. One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinat

32、own in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a raci

33、al group. Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great coun

34、try. Many people still come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the hel

35、p of people from all racial groups to remain a great country.（分数：25.00）(1).Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage?（分数：5.00）A.The United States is a country made up of many different races.B.Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States.C.A

36、ll races in the United States have helped make the country a great one.D.The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races.(2).In the first paragraph the word “told“ means _.（分数：5.00）A.separatedB.distinguishedC.revealedD.made known(3).This passage imp

37、lies that discrimination is a problem which _.（分数：5.00）A.many races in the United States have experiencedB.will still be very serious in the United States in the futureC.has already been solved in the United StatesD.is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States(4).The main reason

38、why the Indians are most discriminated against is that _.（分数：5.00）A.they have tried hard to keep their religionsB.they have tried hard to live together to keep their Indian customsC.they are the only ones who have tried to keep their identityD.they discriminate many other races(5).The Dutch live sep

39、arately in Pennsylvania _.（分数：5.00）A.to escape discriminationB.to keep together in a racial groupC.to enjoy themselves in their own townsD.for religious reasons考博英语-96 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrel

40、la to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in

41、 the eleventh century B.C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those

42、 in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use

43、of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By16800 the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain througho

44、ut most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn“t until the twentieth century that women“s umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.（分数：25.00）(1).The first use of umbrella was as _.（分数：5.00）A.pro

45、tection against rainB.a shade against the sun C.a symbol of powerD.a symbol of honor解析：解析 本题的依据是第 1段的最后一句话：Its first use was a shade against the sun。因此B项为正确答案。(2)._ were the people who first used umbrellas.（分数：5.00）A.Chinese B.RomansC.GreeksD.Egyptians解析：解析 本题的依据是文章第 2段的最后一句话：Probably the first to u

46、se it were the Chinese，因此 A项为正确答案。(3).The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices _.（分数：5.00）A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient times D.during the Middle Ages解析：解析 本题的依据是文章第 3段的最后一句话：In the Far East in ancient times, the um

47、brella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices。因此 C项为正确答案。(4).According to the passage, which of the following is not true?（分数：5.00）A.Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people had no ri

48、ght to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times. 解析：解析 综观全文，只有 D项文中并未提及，因此 D项是正确答案。(5).Which of the following is the best title of the passage?（分数：5.00）A.When Was the Umbrella Invented?B.The History of Umbrella C.UmbrellaA Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?解析：解析 从文中内容

49、可知，作者是在按照时间顺序讲述伞的历史，因此 B项是正确答案。三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England. “One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a