【考研类试卷】考博英语-92 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-92 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.It is a contradiction that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people.（分数：1.00）A.pageantB.patronageC.paradoxD.pendulum2.The plan would require two, or possibly more, class periods for its fulfillment.（分数：1.00）A.

2、executionB.excursionC.expansionD.extinction3.In view of obstruction and disappointment, the prime minister decided to make parliamentary alliance.（分数：1.00）A.frustrationB.illustrationC.capitulationD.clarification4.Crew chiefs supervised engines, switches and lights that told them how each item of equ

3、ipment was functioning.（分数：1.00）A.observedB.preservedC.monitoredD.nurtured5.One of the real services of the historical novel is not that it can be a substitute for history, but that it can be a(n) extension.（分数：1.00）A.complimentB.supplementC.instrumentD.replacement6.In the country we are excluded fr

4、om the worries of life in a big town.（分数：1.00）A.envelopedB.protectedC.insulatedD.subtracted7.In the deserted factory several huge machines were left to rust and decay.（分数：1.00）A.inaugurateB.disintegrateC.accelerateD.disseminate8.At first I guessed it was an airplane, but I soon changed my mind becau

5、se it remained static instead of moving like a plane.（分数：1.00）A.stationaryB.statutoryC.stationeryD.statuesque9.We are totally unable, after decades of experiment, to replicate ancient glazed pottery.（分数：1.00）A.produceB.manufactureC.dramatizeD.duplicate10.His inability to learn foreign languages was

6、a(n) obstacle to his career.（分数：1.00）A.barrierB.excessC.carrierD.impulse11.Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism.（分数：1.00）A.energyB.enduranceC.effortD.endeavor12.In this monumental work the entire storehouse of the worlds art is surveyed.（分数：1.00）A.impressiveB.expres

7、siveC.progressiveD.possessive13.It is said that science has become too complex to acknowledge the existence of universal truths.（分数：1.00）A.addressB.declareC.affirmD.perceive14.Peter was seen crying when he came out of the office. We can deduce that he must have been punished.（分数：1.00）A.conferB.refer

8、C.preferD.infer15.The guest turned upside down his glass as a signal that he would drink no more.（分数：1.00）A.conversedB.inversedC.traversedD.reversed16.In 1986 the country initiated restrictions on the use of pesticides.（分数：1.00）A.institutedB.constitutedC.prosecutedD.distributed17.What he expressed a

9、s a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（分数：1.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.suspicionD.surrender18.This program will take kids who have a manifest history of violent acts.（分数：1.00）A.determinedB.demonstratedC.administratedD.distinguished19.A shift from native bronze to iron artifact

10、s took place under the influence of cultural borrowings.（分数：1.00）A.transitionB.transmissionC.transactionD.transference20.Great works are performed not by strength but by persistence.（分数：1.00）A.permanenceB.proliferationC.perseveranceD.predominance21.They demand to set up an organization flexible enou

11、gh to cope with any emergency.（分数：1.00）A.portableB.valiantC.trivialD.mobile22.It is reported that the worst pedestrian jam in this city occurs around this crossroads.（分数：1.00）A.confessionB.congestionC.digestionD.exhaustion23.In the 1998s flood in China a large number of victims suffered the loss of

12、their homes.（分数：1.00）A.expenseB.sacrificeC.damageD.incentive24.They suggested that an agency be created to carry out, the recommendation of the committee.（分数：1.00）A.implementB.complimentC.supplementD.complement25.The employer tried to bully his employees from staging strikes by threatening to close

13、down the entire plant.（分数：1.00）A.intimidateB.integrateC.ridiculeD.humiliate26.The principal duty of the United Nations is to safeguard the peace of the world.（分数：1.00）A.primaryB.primeC.privilegedD.precedent27.To their great surprise, they found the floodwater had damaged the buildings foundation.（分数

14、：1.00）A.underlainB.underlinedC.undertakenD.undermined28.Through the discussion they gained an extraordinary insight into the complexity of womens emotions.（分数：1.00）A.cleverness ofB.knowledge ofC.prediction ofD.perception of29.This style of writing, incidentally, is suggestive of what is called the “

15、newsreel technique“ of John Dos Passos.（分数：1.00）A.reminiscentB.collectiveC.forgettableD.advisable30.His major task is to integrate the work of various bureaus under the ministry.（分数：1.00）A.organizeB.correspondC.coordinateD.respond二、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：25.00)BPassage 1/BFor reasons yet to be full

16、y understood, one out of ten human beings in the world is left-handed, and from one generation to the next, this ratio is roughly preserved. As we know, left-handedness cuts across socioeconomic, ethnic, and gender lines. Yet throughout history prominent figures in scienceto say nothing of religionh

17、ave identified in left-handedness signs of viciousness or worse. In 1903, Italian physician Cesare Lombroso identified left-handedness as one of the degeneracy signs of the born criminals. Three years later, Dr. Wilhelm Fliess suggested that left-handedness was a reliable identification of homosexua

18、lity. And in 1937 British psychologist Cyril Burt declared left-handedness to be a mark of an ill-organized nervous system.As demonstrated by all the “therapeutic“ coercion that left-handed children were subjected to during the first half of the 20th century, these biases had more than just a theore

19、tical impact. Yet even when this gauche predilection was being discouraged, handism was certainly never taken as seriously as racism or sexism now is. Perhaps its the arbitrary nature of the trait that has militated against meaningful discrimination. After all, even when both parents are right-hande

20、d, there is still a 10 percent Chance that they will bring a left-handed baby into the world. Moreover, a white baby born in Scarsdale is just as likely to be left-handed as a black baby in Harlem. Hence when the left-handed George Bush became President of the United States, it was hardly interprete

21、d as a blow against prejudice. Nor was much attention paid to the fact that Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford were also southpaws.（分数：5.00）(1).Left-handedness is _.（分数：1.00）A.a thing that is cultivatedB.a thing that occurs by pure chanceC.a thing of genetic inheritanceD.a thing that occurs more in promi

22、nent figures(2).According to the passage, left-handedness _.（分数：1.00）A.is discouraged but not discriminated againstB.hals caused discrimination as serious as sexism and racismC.is a subject that has drawn more and more attentionD.is an advantage in running for public office(3).The word “handism“ in

23、Line 3 Paragraph 2 most probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.being skillful with ones handsB.quality of being convenientC.discrimination against left-handed peopleD.encouragement to use both hands instead of one(4).The word “southpaws“ at the end of the passage means（分数：1.00）A.a boxer from the southB.a polit

24、ician from a southern stateC.a person with extraordinarily large handsD.a left-handed person(5).Judging from the context, Scarsdale is a place inhabited by _.（分数：1.00）A.white peopleB.black peopleC.mixed racesD.rich peopleBPassage 2/BOne in three Americans said that money was a crucial factor in thei

25、r decision to work for pay (or have a spouse work) rather than stay home to raise the children, with Baby Boomer women most likely to have made that choice. Forty-five percent of Baby Boomer womencompared with just 32 percent of those 55 and oversaid they went to work. “Baby Boomer women, especially

26、 the older ones, grew up expecting to replicate the pattern of their mothers lives,“ suggests Hochschild. “But then the bills started coming in and more job opportunities opened up, and these women moved into a life they hadnt anticipated.“Money played a great role in marriageeven an unhappy one. Ap

27、proximately 18 percent of all those interviewed said they stayed married because they lacked money to get a divorce, while less than 8 percent said that financial strain in their marriage has caused them to divorce.Lack of money also influenced education choices. Nearly one in four Americans has pos

28、tponed or decided not to attend college because of financial pressures. Even with the sustained prosperity of the past eight years, Gen-Xers were most likely to have altered their college plans. A 39-year-old Hispanic billing clerk in New York spoke about how the need for money limited her teenager

29、sons ability to take part in extracurricular activities that could increase his chances of getting into college. “Since age 14, my sons been working, and I think he is a superb person. Not having a lot of money has made him realize what work is all about. On the other hand, he was elected to go to a

30、 youth leadership conference in Washington, and I cant send him because I dont have the money. Lack of money takes away opportunities he otherwise could have had.“On the question of what money can and cant buy, a large majority of Americans said that money could buy “freedom to live as you choose“,

31、“excitement in life“, and “less stress“. In a number of follow-up interviews, many people commented that having extra money would immediately alleviate one source of profound stressthe need to work overtime. Those with college and graduate degrees were far more likely to believe that money can buy f

32、reedom, perhaps because better-educated people already have a wider array of choices. College educated professionals, for instance, were much more likely to consider wealth a way of financing travel, starting a business of their own, or funding charitable works in their communities.A 55-year-old His

33、panic woman in Los Angeles with a graduate degree and an income of more than $90,000 described a midlife career switch. After resigning from a high-level, high paying but extremely stressfulcivil service job, she became a florist. “After I started tearing my hair out,“ she said, “I decided to go int

34、o business for myselfflowers dont talk back.“Can money buy peace of mind? Fifty-two percent of Americans said no. “It all depends on what peace means to you,“ observed a businesswoman in California who is nearing 60 and would like to retire at 62 and go back to college. “For my husband, peace of min

35、d means working as long as he can and collecting the biggest possible pension. For me, it means knowing Ive worked long enough so that I can afford to go after an old dream. I guess you should say that my peace of mind is his worry.“（分数：5.00）(1).According to the writer, older Baby Boomer women went

36、to work chiefly because _.（分数：1.00）A.there were more job opportunitiesB.they were bored staying at homeC.they dont have enough money to buy their own houseD.life was costly(2).According to this passage, money plays a more important role in _.（分数：1.00）A.keeping people in a marriageB.causing a divorce

37、C.raising the childrenD.limiting ones ability(3).From Paragraph 3 we can learn that _.（分数：1.00）A.the 14-year-old son did not enjoy his workB.without money you never make education choicesC.most Gen-Xers wanted to change their college plansD.most Gen-Xers did not change their college plans(4).The rea

38、son why the 55-year-old Hispanic woman became a florist is that _.（分数：1.00）A.she no longer had hairB.she hated to meet very rude peopleC.she did not like civil service jobsD.midlife career switch was a widespread practice(5).From the last paragraph we can see that _.（分数：1.00）A.both the husband and w

39、ife have peace of mindB.only the husband has peace of mindC.only the wife has peace of mindD.neither of them has peace of mindBPassage 3/BComputer monitoring is most often intended to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the workplace, but with good intentions comes the opportunity for abuse by e

40、mployers and employees alike. Computer Monitoring in the 21st Century written by a futurist is an exceptional observation as to what the future may hold for those people choosing to enter the technological field such as industry, commerce, medicine and science.As computer monitoring increases, there

41、 comes a concern for the types of effects it may have in the workplace. The article says: “By the end of the decade, as many as 30 million people may constantly be monitored in their jobs.“ As computer systems become so sophisticated, this number will drastically increase. As we enter this new age o

42、f technology, we must remember that with more power comes more responsibility by employers and employees alike. Knowledge can be used as a weapon or as a tool. For instance, monitoring abuse can be found in the situation of airline agents. The agents discovered that by keeping customers on hold whil

43、e finishing their work they could gain an extra 5-minute break. In the future, employees who are accustomed to evading the monitoring system may no longer be able to tolerate it. These types of employees may find they can no longer survive the added pressure of not being able to evade the system.Whi

44、le monitoring can add pressure to some employees, it can also be a relief to others. It is a relief to the employee, because it provides information readily at hand. With the use of prompts, acting as reminders to workers, the information needed is passed on efficiently allowing employees to do a be

45、tter job. However, if prompts are used to tell an employee how much time has been wasted or how bad an employee is doing his job, it could cause the opposite effect. Monitoring can have a positive effect on workers by letting the employees access their own information. In a study, early information

46、about job performance given by a computer is accepted better than a performance rating given by a boss. At this time, monitoring is based on the output of an employees performance. In the future, there will be more freedom for employees to use their own ideas, therefore making monitoring more effect

47、ive. One example of monitoring as a weapon is seen when a woman who took an extra minute in the bathroom was threatened with loosing her job. With this added stress she suffered a nervous breakdown. The company insisted that they were not “spying“ but were only trying to improve their business. If m

48、onitoring is not used correctly, businesses will suffer with increases in operating costs because of increased turnover, absenteeism, medical costs and workers compensation. Employers who use positive reinforcement with monitoring will guarantee better motivation.Legislation has the potential to hel

49、p employees with issues of better treatment and the fight to privacy. In the new century, companies that succeeded will be the ones who learn from the past and from the “me boss and you employee“ mentality. A good blacksmith can take a hammer and forge a weapon into a tool that can benefit the whole village. Employers are the blacksmiths; employees are the hammers. Monitoring is the tool. It takes both to make a tool to benefit the future.（分数：5.00）(1).From Paragraph 1, we can learn th