【考研类试卷】工程硕士(GCT)英语-9及答案解析.doc

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1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-9 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Two decades ago a woman who shook hands with men on her own _was usually viewed as too for ward.（分数：2.00）A.endeavorB.initiativeC.motivationD.preference2.You can always _Jim in a crisis, for he is simply the most helpful pers

2、on Ive ever known.（分数：2.00）A.refer toB.count onC.cope withD.run into3.Should English classes be _at the elementary or primary school level in countries where it is not the native language? A required B. necessary C. selected D. permanent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.People do not always recall events as they _

3、actually.（分数：2.00）A.are happeningB.will happenC.happenedD.would happen5.Chocolate manufacturers blend many types of beans to yield_ and color desired in the final product.（分数：2.00）A.the shapeB.the flavorC.the functionD.the brand6.Applicant will be asked to provide information on how they will _infor

4、mation to other students at their university or college.（分数：2.00）A.A. disclose B. deliver B.C. spread C.B. analyze7.It _commonplace to think of sport as a “leisure industry“ now.（分数：2.00）A.becameB.will becomeC.is becomingD.had become8.The first Olympiad is said to have consisted _of a 200-yard foot

5、race near the small city of Olympia.（分数：2.00）A.nearlyB.completelyC.merelyD.identically9.Todays popular clothing chains _teenagers, who can be counted upon to change their tastes every 30 days.（分数：2.00）A.resort toB.attend toC.appeal mD.apply to10.The_ choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice a

6、mong the available ones that will enable him or her to maximize utility.（分数：2.00）A.optimalB.optionalC.opticalD.optimistic二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)BDirections:/BIn this part there are 4 passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one yo

7、u think is the best answer. Mark your choice on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. BPassage One/BChildren live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time,

8、 many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on sciencefor example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers, they

9、will Be bombarded(受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science.Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science-with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, scienc

10、e has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounterflashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows. Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can prov

11、ide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it is geography, history, language arts, music, or art!Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.“ Those who posse

12、ss it seek answers through ohserving, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard a

13、gainst hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, butit cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed.（分数：10.00）(1).One of the re

14、asons why science is important for children is that many of them will_.（分数：2.00）A.work in scientific research institutionsB.work at jobs Closely related to scienceC.make the final decision in matters concerning scienceD.be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration(2).There is no doubt tha

15、t children like learning science because _.（分数：2.00）A.science is linked with many of the things they meetB.science is a very easy subject for them to learnC.they encounter the facts and principles of science dailyD.they are familiar with the process and spirit of science(3).Pupils can learn logical

16、thinking while_. A. practicing communication skills B studying geography C. taking art courses D. learning science（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).People with a scientific attitude _.（分数：2.00）A.are ready to accept the pronouncements of othersB.tend to reach conclusions with certaintyC.are aware that others are

17、likely to make hasty judgmentsD.seek truth through observation, experimentation and reasoning(5).In the passage the writer seems to _.（分数：2.00）A.prove that science is a successful course in schoolB.point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in schoolC.suggest that science should be incl

18、uded in the school curriculumD.oredict that children who learn science will be good scientistsBPassage Two/BLead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s,were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the

19、 Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of l

20、ead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arcti

21、c(北极的) snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate(区分) the lead sources. The do

22、minant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeasten United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had

23、 believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistr

24、ibuted the lead faster than the scientists had expeeted.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem(生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.（分数：10.00）(1).The study published in th

25、e journal Nature indicates that _.（分数：2.00）A.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB.lead deposits in arctic snow arc on the increaseC.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD.the U. S. is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow(2).Lead accumulation worldwide d

26、ecreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the U. S._.（分数：2.00）A.was discouragedB.was enforced by lawC.was prohibited by lawD.was introduced(3).How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?（分数：2.00）A.By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature.B.By o

27、bserving the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C.By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D.By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.(4).The authors of the Ambio study have found that_.（分数：2.00）A.fore

28、sts get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB.lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC.lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the U. S.D.the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph

29、 that scientists（分数：2.00）A.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollutionB.feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasolineC.still consider lead pollution a problemD.lack sufficient means to combat lead pollutionBPassage Three/BIn recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging int

30、o super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 per cent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four rail roads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight

31、 moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commo

32、dities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive“ ship

33、pers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only

34、 in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long nm it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportat

35、ion would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It% theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the

36、arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?“ asks Mar- tin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortu

37、nes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to ac- quire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10. 2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail t

38、his year. Conrails net railway operating income in 1996 was just $ 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who% going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.（分数：10.00）(1).

39、According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because _.（分数：2.00）A.cost reduction is based on competition.B.services call for cross-trade coordination.C.outside competitors will continue to exist.D.shippers will have the railway by the throat.(2).What is many captive shippers a

40、ttitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?（分数：2.00）A.Indifferent.B.Supportive.C.Indignant.D.Apprehensive.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.（分数：2.00）A.shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B.there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.C.overcharg

41、ed shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D.a government board ensures fair play in railway business.(4).The word “arbiters“(Line 6, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those _.（分数：2.00）A.who work as coordinators.B.who function as judges.C.who supervise transact ions.D.who determine the pr

42、ice.(5).According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by_.（分数：2.00）A.the continuing acquisition.B.the growing traffic.C.the cheering Wall Street.D.the shrinking market.BPassage Four/BAmericans today dont place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes,

43、entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education-not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society wher

44、e practical is more important than intellectual,“ says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.“ Razitchs latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance

45、to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully pa

46、rticipate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shortis, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,“ writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American li

47、fe, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intel

48、ligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 o

49、r 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.“ Mark Twains Huckleberry Firm exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilizedgoing to school and learning to read so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplati