【考研类试卷】工程硕士(GCT)英语-99及答案解析.doc

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1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-99 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his_to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.（分数：2.00）A.commentB.reactionC.impressionD.comprehension2.Im very glad to know that my bos

2、s has generously agreed to_my debt in return for certain services.（分数：2.00）A.take awayB.cut outC.write offD.clear up3.Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great_.（分数：2.00）A.explosionB.sensationC.exaggerationD.stimulation4._,they have boldly undertaken the co

3、nstruction of a 26 storied building.（分数：2.00）A.As they are youngB.Young as they areC.They are as youngD.As young as they are5.It was_he was too clumsy to drive a car that Jim hadnt learned to drive.（分数：2.00）A.asB.forC.becauseD.because of6.China is no longer_it used to be.（分数：2.00）A.whatB.of whatC.if

4、D.which7.To a highly imaginative writer,_is a pad of paper and a pen.（分数：2.00）A.all are requiredB.all required isC.all is requiredD.all that is required8.My sister cant cook;_.（分数：2.00）A.my brother cant tooB.either can my brotherC.neither can my brotherD.nor my brother can9.She worked hard at her ta

5、sk before she felt sure that the results would_her long effort.（分数：2.00）A.justifyB.testifyC.rectifyD.verify10.According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post_no responsibility with it at all?（分数：2.00）A.shouldersB.possessesC.carriesD.shares二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)To

6、day cognitive theorists empirically study the impact of feelings on cognitive processes such as memory and judgment and also the reciprocal influence of cognition on emotion. However, evolutionary theorists view emotion as a powerful source of motivationan internal communication that something must

7、be done. For example, when people are threatened, they fed fear, which in turn leads them to deal with the threatening situation through either fight or flight. Emotions and drives may also operate in tandem to motivate action, as when excitement accompanies sexual arousal. From an evolutionary pers

8、pective, different emotions serve different functions. Fear facilitates flight in the face of danger; disgust prevents ingestion me potentially toxic substances such as rotting meat.An emotion that is less well understood is jealousy. Why do people become jealous in intimate sexual relationships? On

9、e series of studies tested evolutionary hypotheses about differences in the concerns men and women have about their partners fidelity. Since females can have only a limited number of children during their lifetimes, to maximize their reproductive success they should be motivated to form relationship

10、s with males who have resources and will contribute them to their offspring. Indeed, cross-cultural evidence demonstrates that one of the main mate selection criteria used by females around the world is male resources. From a females point of view, then, infidelity accompanied by, emotional commitme

11、nt to the other woman is a major threat to resources. A man unlikely to divert resources from his mate and her offspring to a casualling, but the risk increases dramatically if he becomes emotionally involved and perhaps considers switching long-term partners. Hence, a womans jealousy would be expec

12、ted to focus on her mates emotional commitment to another female.For males, the situation is different. If a male commits himself to an exclusive relationship with a female, he must be certain that the offspring in whom he is investing are his own. Since he cannot be sure of paternity, the best he c

13、an do is to prevent his mate from copulating with any other males. In males, then, jealousy would be expected to focus less on the females emotional commitment or resources and more on her tendency to give other males sexual access. Indeed, in species ranging from insects to humans, males take extre

14、me measures to prevent other males from inseminating their mates. In humans, male sexual jealousy is the leading cause of homicides and of spouse battering cross - culturally.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage discusses the_approach to human emotions.（分数：2.00）A.evolutionaryB.cognitiveC.psychologicalD.econom

15、ic(2).Evolutionary theorists view emotion as all of the following except_.（分数：2.00）A.cognitive processesB.a source of motivationC.something promoting actionD.serving various functions(3).The idea presented in 2nd paragraph can be best described as_.（分数：2.00）A.realisticB.materialisticC.ironicalD.offs

16、pring-oriented(4).According to the evolutionary perspective, womens jealousy ultimately stems from_.（分数：2.00）A.concern over their husbands reproductive abilityB.fear that their husbands resources would be threatenedC.their husbands divided attention to them and their offspringD.their emotional insta

17、bility resulting from their husbands infidelity(5).According to this passage, a man jealousy is mainly focused on_.（分数：2.00）A.a concern over their wives resourcesB.the fatherhood of the offspring to whom he is investingC.their mates emotional commitmentD.the legitimacy of their marriageIn 1993, New

18、York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure ou

19、t what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled (回收利用) in the United States. The reason for the change is th

20、at now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a di

21、scard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life-and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs f

22、or burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New Y

23、ork, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.（分数：10.00）(1).What regulation was issued by New York S

24、tate concerning beverage containers?_.（分数：2.00）A.Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.B.Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.C.A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.D.Consumers had to pay for bevera

25、ge containers and could get their money back on returning them.(2).The returned plastic bottles in New York used to_.（分数：2.00）A.end up somewhere undergroundB.be turned into raw materialsC.have a second life valueD.be separated from other rubbish(3).The key problem in dealing with returned plastic be

26、verage containers is_.（分数：2.00）A.to sell them at a profitable priceB.how to turn them into useful thingsC.how to reduce their recycling costsD.to lower the prices for used materials(4).Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because_.（分数：2.00）A.local governments fred it eas

27、y to manageB.recycling has great appeal for the joblessC.recycling causes little pollutionD.other methods are more expensive(5).It can be concluded from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materialsB.local governments in the U.S. can expect big profits

28、from recyclingC.recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentallyD.landfills will still be widely used for waste disposalInternet is a global network that connects other computer networks, together with software and protocols for controlling the movement of data. The Internet, oft

29、en referred to as “the Net“, was initiated in 1969 by a group of universities and private research groups funded by the US Department of Defense. It now covers almost every country in the world. Its organization is informal and deliberately nonpolitical its controllers tend to concentrate on technic

30、al aspects rather than on administrative control. The Internet offers users a number of basic services including data transfer, electronic mail, and the ability to access information in remote databases. A notable feature is the existence of user groups, which allow people to exchange information an

31、d debate specific subjects of interest. In addition, there am a number of high-level services. For example, MBONE allows the transmission of messages to more than one destination. It is used in videoconferencing. The World Wide Web, known as “the Web“, is another high level Internet service, develop

32、ed in the 1990s in Geneva. It is a service for distributing multimedia information, including graphics, pictures, sounds, and video as well as text. A feature of the World Wide Web is that it allows links to other related documents elsewhere on the Internet. Documents for publication on the Web are

33、presented in a form known as HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language). This allows a specification of the page layout and typography as it will appear on the screen. It also allows the inclusion of active links to other documents. Generally, these appear on the screen display as highlighted text or as addit

34、ional icons Typically, the user can use a mouse to “click“ on one of these points to load and view a related document. Many commercial and public organizations now have their own Web site(specified by an address code) and publish a “home page“, giving information about the organization.Up to the mid

35、 1990s, the major users of the Internet were academic and research organizations. This has begun to change rapidly with individual home users linking in through commercial access providers and with a growing interest by companies in using the Internet for publicity, sales, and as a medium for electr

36、onic publishing. At the same time, there are problems with the flow of information across national borders, bringing in debates about copyright protection, data protection, the publication of pornography, and ultimately political control and censorship.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph, we lear

37、n that the Internet_.（分数：2.00）A.was initiated by the U.S.Department of Defense in 1969B.was only able to connect computers into networks at its beginningC.has not any kind of organization behind it at allD.works independently of any governmental control(2).Access to remote information_.（分数：2.00）A.is

38、 a high level service provided by the InternetB.is the most notable feature with the InternetC.is a basic function performed by the InternetD.can only be achieved by the Internet(3).It can be inferred that the development of HTML prepared the way for_.（分数：2.00）A.even farther information transferB.on

39、line commercial promotionsC.academic usesD.distributing multimedia information(4).Which of the following is not a problem brought in by the popularization of the Internet?（分数：2.00）A.Difficulty in inspecting the content of publications.B.Difficulty in protecting copyright across national borders.C.Di

40、fficulty in promoting sales of superior products.D.The possibility that potentially harmful content may be published.(5).This passage focuses on_.（分数：2.00）A.the instructions for the Internet usersB.the historical development of the InternetC.the kinds of data transferred through the InternetD.the pr

41、oblems brought about the InternetWe can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular“ coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, thou

42、gh, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline (衰退)when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).The im

43、portance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new us

44、ers and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer

45、 may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extension Strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement a

46、s one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will_.（分数：2.00）A.decrease graduallyB.r

47、emain at the same levelC.become unstableD.improve enormously(2).The first paragraph tells us that a new product is_.（分数：2.00）A.not easily accepted by the publicB.often inferior to old ones at firstC.often more expensive than old onesD.usually introduced to satisfy different tastes(3).Marketers need

48、to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to_.（分数：2.00）A.promote its productionB.work out marketing policiesC.speed up its life cycleD.increase its popularity(4).The author mentions the example of “backpacks“ (Line 4, Para.2 ) to show the importance of_.（分数：2.00）A.pleasing the young as

49、well as the oldB.increasing usage among studentsC.exploring new market sectionsD.serving both military and civil needs(5).In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are_.（分数：2.00）A.improving product qualityB.modernizing product styleC.increasing product featuresD.re-positioning their product in the market三、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In order to work here the foreigner needs a work p