【考研类试卷】工程硕士(GCT)英语-8及答案解析.doc

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1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.They worked together and so_the task in a month.（分数：2.00）A.carried outB.carried throughC.carried onD.carried off2.Dinner will be ready_, but we still have time for a drink.（分数：2.00）A.finallyB.currentlyC.presentlyD.lately3.It

2、s high time that the girl_sent to school.（分数：2.00）A.wereB.wasC.beD.is to be4.The firm decided after a board meeting that the old machinery in the factories_with.（分数：2.00）A.do awayB.would be done awayC.should do awayD.should be done away5.It is said that the_of some of the state-owned companies cant

3、meet their expenditure.（分数：2.00）A.taxesB.creditsC.revenuesD.deficits6.Banking and financial systems filled with_and corruption hinder the regions Success.（分数：2.00）A.briberyB.managementC.mismanagementD.mismanaging7.I got a headache. Otherwise I_to the lecture.（分数：2.00）A.would goB.would have goneC.wen

4、tD.have8.The FBI arrived in time to prevent the_of the secret documents.（分数：2.00）A.transmissionB.transformationC.transportationD.translation9.The point is worth_.（分数：2.00）A.being mentionedB.mentioningC.to mentionD.mentioned10.He_the danger that doesnt exist.（分数：2.00）A.forever imaginesB.is forever im

5、aginingC.imagines foreverD.forever is imagining二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)What are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about our current problems?First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trou

6、ble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people.Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we

7、can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge.Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so

8、 greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we

9、 are unhappy that we have not conquered of them. It is our raised expectations rather than our failures which now cause our distress.Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology mus

10、t still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, conservation resources, and many other areas. （分数：10.00）(1).The author thinks that science and technology_。（分数：2.00）A.have c

11、aused the current world problemsB.have made life better for more peopleC.will, if not in the past, better peoples life in the futureD.can not bring a better life for most people(2).According to the author, to improve the quality of environment, it is important to_.（分数：2.00）A.call on the public to ac

12、tionB.pass related lawC.eliminate the destructive effect of science and technologyD.use better knowledge of science and technology(3).We are not satisfied because_.（分数：2.00）A.science and technology have created many social problemsB.science and technology have brought about many environmental disast

13、ersC.science and technology have made us more distressedD.we expect too much of science and technology at present(4).The author believes that our current problems can be better solved by_.（分数：2.00）A.social, political, and economic meansB.advances in science and technologyC.effective law-makingD.both

14、 A and B(5).The author points out that_.（分数：2.00）A.attention should be given to some areas of science and technology to better peoples lifeB.we should not expect science and technology to improve living conditions for all the peopleC.social political and economical means should not interfere with th

15、e advances in science and technologyD.we should not use science and technology to achieve material goalsThirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty

16、? Was it lack of feeling about ones fellow man ?“Not so,“ say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.Sup

17、pose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk, is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes ? Or is he about to sleep off a drank?Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes“, or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to

18、 tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person wont get the help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had coll

19、ege students in to be “tested.“ Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the “tests.“ Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room“ and the room into which she went.Soon the students heard a scream

20、, the noise of file cabinets filling and cry for help. All of this had been pm-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of the ten helped. Of the students in group, none helped.In other words, in a group,

21、 Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, neednt. They do not feel any direct responsibility.Are people bothered by situation where people are in trouble? Yes, scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt tha

22、t other persons trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of the passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB.to explain when people will act in emergenciesC.to explain w

23、hat people will do in emergenciesD.to explain how people feel in emergencies(2).Which of the following is not tree?（分数：2.00）A.When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B.When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help.C.A p

24、erson must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.D.A person with a heart attack needs the most.(3).The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when_.（分数：2.00）A.they are in pairsB.they are in groupsC.they

25、are aloneD.they are with their friends(4).The main mason why people fail to act when they stay together is that（分数：2.00）A.they are afraid of emergenciesB.they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC.others will act if they themselves hesitateD.they do not have any direct responsibility for those w

26、ho need help(5).The author suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.we shouldnt blame a person if he fails to act in emergenciesB.a person must feel guilty if he fail to helpC.people should be responsible for themselves in emergenciesD.when you are in trouble, people will help you anywayThe rise of “temp“ work has

27、 further magnified the decreasing fights and alienation of the worker. It is common corporate practice to phase out full-time employees and hire temporary workers to take on more workload in less time. When facing a pressing deadline, a corporation may pay $15$ 20 per hour for a temp worker, but the

28、 temp worker will only see $ 7 or $ 8 of that money. The rest goes to temp agency, which is usually a corporate chain, such as Kelly Services, that blatantly makes its profits off other peoples labor. This increases profits of the corporations because they can increase a workload, get rid of the emp

29、loyee when theyre finished, and not worry about paying benefits or unemployment for that employee. I have had to work with temps a few times in my current position, and the workers only want one thing - a full-time job with benefits. We really wanted to hire one temp I was working with, but we could

30、 not offer her a full-time job because it would have been a breach in our contract with the temp agency that employed her. To hire a temp full-time, we would have had to pay the agency over a thousand dollars. Through this practice and policy, the temp agency locks its temporary workers into a horri

31、ble new form of servitude form which the worker cannot break free.Furthermore, corporate powers push workers to take on bigger workloads, work longer hours, and accept less benefits by instilling a paranoia in their workforce. The capitalist bosses assume dishonesty, disloyalty, and laziness amongst

32、 workers, and they breed a sense of guilt and fear through their assumptions. Where guilt doesnt seep in, bitterness, anger, and depression take over, the highest priorities of Big Business are to increase profits and limit liabilities. Personal relations and human needs are last on their list of pr

33、iorities. So what we see is a huge mass of people who are alienated, disempowered, overworked, mentally and physically ill and who spend the vast majority of their time and energy on their basic survival. They are denied a chance to really “love“, because they are forced to make profits for the capi

34、talists in power.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can NOT be listed as a reason for corporations hiring temporary workers and phasing out full-time employees?（分数：2.00）A.Corporations intend to leave more workload to temporary workers.B.Temp workers are generally well-trained and can achieve high

35、efficiency.C.Corporations can reduce their production cost by employing temp workers.D.Corporations can benefit a great deal from keeping a small full-time work force.(2).According to the first paragraph, which statement is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Temp worker seem to be satisfied with their conditions.B.Tem

36、p agencies have made it possible for temp workers.C.Temp workers are fairly paid by their agencies.D.Its difficult for temp workers to be employed as full-time workers.(3).The main purpose of the last paragraph is to_.（分数：2.00）A.show how much the capitalist bosses distrust temp workersB.reveal that

37、temp workers are living in miseryC.arouse readers hatred for the capitalistsD.severely criticize the ignorance of the temp workers(4).The authors attitude toward the temp workers can be described as_.（分数：2.00）A.amicableB.depressedC.sympatheticD.hostile(5).The word “liabilities“ in the last paragraph

38、 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.risks in hiring temp workersB.duties distributed to workersC.responsibilities shared by temp workersD.considerations offered to temp workersOnce upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gamble flowed one way: from the United States outward. While the large Cincinnat

39、i-based corporation was no stranger to foreign markets, it usually sold them products that were already familiar to most Americans. Many Japanese families, for instance, swaddle their babies in Pampers diapers, and lots of Venezuelans brush their teeth with Crest. And of course (company executives a

40、ssumed) Americans at home wanted these same familiar, red-white and blue brands. We might buy foreign-made cars, or chocolates, or cameras but household cleaners and detergents?Recently, however, P&G broke with this long-standing tradition. Ariel, a P&G laundry detergent, was born overseas, and is a

41、 familiar sight on store shelves in Europe and Latin America. Now bilingual packages of Ariel Ultra, a super-concentrated cleaner, are appearing on supermarket shelves in Los Angeles.Ariels appearance in the United States reflects demographic changes making Hispanics the nations fastest-growing ethn

42、ic group. Ariel is a hit with this population. In fact, many Mexican immigrants living in Southern California have been “importing“ Ariel from Tijuana, Mexico. “Hispanics knew this product and wanted it,“ says P&G spokeswoman Marie Salvado. “We realized that we couldnt convince them to buy (our) oth

43、er laundry detergents.“ P&G hopes that non-Hispanic consumers will give Ariel a try too.Ariels already strong presence in Europe may provide a springboard for the company to expand into other markets as well. Recently P&G bought Rakona, Czechoslovakias top detergent maker. Ariel, currently a top sel

44、ler in Germany, is likely to be one of the first new brands to appear in Czech supermarkets. And Ariel is not the only foreign idea that the company hopes to transplant back to its home territory. Cinch, an all-purpose spray cleaner similar to popular European products, is currently being test-marke

45、ted in California and Arizona. Traditionally Americans have used separate cleaners for different types of surfaces, but market research shows that American preferences are becoming more like those in other countries.Insiders note that this new reverse flow of innovation reflects more sweeping change

46、s at Procter & Gamble. The firm has hired many new Japanese, German, and Mexican managers who view P&Gs business not as a one-way flow of American ideas, but a two-way exchange with other markets. Says Bonita Austin of the investment firm Wertheim-Schroeder, “When you met with P&Gs top managers year

47、s ago, you wouldnt have seen a single foreign face.“Today, “they could even be in the majority.“As Procter & Gamble has found, the United States is no longer an isolated market. Americans are more open than ever before to buying foreign-made products and to selling U. S. -made products overseas.（分数：

48、10.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is tree?（分数：2.00）A.The brands of Pampers, Crest, Ariel, and Cinch reflect the one-way flow tradition of Procter & Gamble.B.In spite of market changes, Procter & Gamble still sticks to its long-standing tradition of one-way flow innovation.C.

49、Procter & Gamble has to change its one-way flow tradition because of the increased number of its foreign managers.D.Today one may meet more foreign faces in Procter & Gamble than years ago.(2).According to the passage, all of the following are true about Ariel except_.（分数：2.00）A.it is the best seller in CzechoslovakiaB.it is a laundry detergent product of Procter & GambleC.Ariel was born outside the United StatesD.it already enjoys popularity in