【考研类试卷】复旦大学博士招生入学考试英语真题2012年及答案解析.doc

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1、复旦大学博士招生入学考试英语真题 2012 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Part I Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the _ way the store was organized. （分数：0.50）A.logicalB.haphazardC.orderlyD.tidy2.Mississippi also uplolds the Souths well-deserved reput

2、ation for warm,hospitable people;balmy year-round weather;and truly_cuisine. （分数：0.50）A.destructiveB.horribleC.amiableD.delectable3.If she is stupid,shes _pleasant to look at. （分数：0.50）A.at any rateB.by chanceC.at a lossD.by the way4.The mother was_with grief when she heard that her child was dead.

3、（分数：0.50）A.fantasticB.frankC.franticD.frenzy5.In your teens,peer-group friendships may _from parents as the major influence on you. （分数：0.50）A.take controlB.take placeC.take upD.take over6.Parents often faced the _between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they c

4、ould stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness. （分数：0.50）A.paradoxB.junctionC.premiseD.dilemma7.There have been demonstrations on the streets_the recent terrorist attack. （分数：0.50）A.in the wake ofB.in the course ofC.in the context ofD.in the light of8.Thousands of Medicare patients wit

5、h chronic medical conditions have been wrongly_access to necessary care. （分数：0.50）A.grudgedB.deniedC.negatedD.invalidated9.It has been proposed by many linguists that human language_,our biologically programmed abilith to use language, is still not well defined and understood. （分数：0.50）A.potentialit

6、yB.perceptionC.facultyD.acquisition10.Western medicine,_science and practiced by people with academic internationally accepted medical degrees,is only one of many systems of healing. （分数：0.50）A.rooted inB.originated fromC.trapped inD.indulged in11.When I asked if a black politician could win in Fran

7、ce,however ,he responded_:”No,conditions are different here.” （分数：0.50）A.ambiguouslyB.implicitlyC.unhesitatinglyD.optimistically12.The development of staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplace can be effectively _by the use of humor. （分数：0.50）A.acquaintedB.installedC.regulatedD.facil

8、itated13.In both America and Europe,it is _to tip the waiter or waitress anywhere from 10% to 20%. （分数：0.50）A.elementaryB.temporaryC.voluntaryD.customary14.Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps_rigid departmental borndaries. （分数：0.50）A.pass overB.stand forC.break

9、 downD.set off15.As a teenager,I was_by a blind passion for a slim star I would never meet in my life. （分数：0.50）A.pursuedB.seducedC.consumedD.guaranteed16.His originality as a composer is_by the following group of songs.（分数：0.50）A.exemplifiedB.createdC.performedD.realized17.They are going to London,

10、but their_destination is Rome. （分数：0.50）A.ultimateB.primeC.nextD.cardinal18.The poor old man was _with diabetes and without proper treatment he would lose his eyesight and become crippled very soon.（分数：0.50）A.sufferedB.afflictedC.inducedD.infected19.The bribe and the bridegroom were overwhelmed in h

11、appiness when their family offered to take them to Rome to _the marriage. （分数：0.50）A.terminateB.initiateC.consummateD.separate20.Join said that the richer countries of the world should make a _effort to help the poorer countries. （分数：0.50）A.futileB.glitteringC.franticD.concentrated21.The problem is

12、inherent and _in any democracy,but it has been more severe in ours during the past quarter-century because of the near universal denigration of government,politics and politicians. （分数：0.50）A.perishableB.periodicalC.perverseD.perennial22.As is known to all ,_commodities will definitely do harm to ou

13、r life sooner or later. （分数：0.50）A.counterfeitB.fakeC.imitativeD.fraudulent23.It would be _to think that this could solve all the areas problems straight away. （分数：0.50）A.subtleB.feebleC.nastyD.na?ve24.It is surprising that such an innocent-looking man should have_such a crime. （分数：0.50）A.confirmedB

14、.clarifiedC.committedD.converyed25.Hummans are _,which enables them to make dicisions even when they cant justify why. （分数：0.50）A.rationalB.reasonableC.hesitantD.intuitive26.More than 100_cats that used to roam the streets in a Chinese province have now been collected and organized into a tram to fi

15、ght rodents that are destroying crops. （分数：0.50）A.looseB.tamedC.wildD.stary27.To say that his resignation was a shock would be an_-it caused panie. （分数：0.50）A.excuseB.indulgenceC.exaggerationD.understatement28.Here the burden of his thought is that the philosopher ,aiming at truth,must not _the sedu

16、ction of trying to write beautifully. （分数：0.50）A.subject toB.carry onC.yield toD.aim at29.I found the subject very difficult ,and at one time thought I should have to give it up,but you directions are so clear and _that I havesucceeded in getting a picture we all think pretty,though wanting in the t

17、ender grace of yours. （分数：0.50）A.on the pointB.off the pointC.to the pointD.up to a point30.They both watched as the crime scene technicians took samples of various fibers and bagged them,dusted for fingerprints,took pictures and tried to _what could have happened. （分数：0.50）A.rehearseB.reiterateC.re

18、inforceD.reenact二、Part II Reading Comp(总题数：4，分数：40.00)In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, lessthan a century later

19、,in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $750,000. The transformation in social values implicit in juxta-posing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizers excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth

20、 century, she argues, the concept of the “useful“ child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless“ child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless.“ Well establis

21、hed among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800s, this new view of childhood spread through-out society in the iate-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a ch

22、ilds emotional value made child labor taboo. For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of childrens productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the compa

23、nionate family (a family in which members were united by explicitbonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of childrens worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the cash nexus, although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and fam

24、ily structures,“ Zelizer maintains. “was also part of a cultural process of sacral-ization of childrens lives. “ Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting w

25、hat they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace. In stressing the cultural determinants of a childs worth. Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “sociological economics,“ who have analyzed such tradi-tionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, educ

26、a-tion, and health solely in terms of their economic deter-minants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences,“ these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critica

27、l of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: thepower of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their “exchange“ or “ sur-render“ value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms,

28、 became much greater.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in america during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the（分数：2.00）A.earnings of the person at time of deathB.wealth of the party causing the deathC.degree of culpability of

29、 the party causing the deathD.amount of money that had been spent on the person killed(2).it can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who（分数：2.00）A.needed enormous amounts of security and affectionB.required constant s

30、upervision while workingC.present the central thesis a recent bookD.refute a traditional explanation of a social phenomenon(3).which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists as they are des

31、cribed in the passage? （分数：2.00）A.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because paraents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing of their children.B.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because their expected earning over the co

32、urseof a lifetime increased greatly.C.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because the spread of humantiarian ideals resultedin a wholeasale reappraisal of the worthof an individual.D.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because compulsory education

33、laws reduced the supply, and thus raised thd costs, of available child labor.(4).the primary purpose of the passage is to （分数：2.00）A.review the literature in a new academic subfieldB.present the central thesis of a recent bookC.contrast two approaches to analyzing historical changeD.refute a traditi

34、onal explanation of a xocial phenomenon(5).zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of childrens worth except changes in （分数：2.00）A.the mortality rateB.the nature of industryC.the nature of the familyD.attitudes toward reform movementsA stout old lady

35、 was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied: Im going to walk where I like. Weve got liberty now. It did not

36、occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian to walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody elses way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.There is

37、 a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the polic

38、eman,say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny, but of liberty.You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this insolence of office, feel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare this

39、fellow interfere with your free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would never cross at all. You have sub

40、mitted to a curtailment of private liberty in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody elses liberty, of course, I may be as free

41、 as I like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown who shall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have liberty to be indifferent to you. And ifI have a fancy for dyeing my hair, or waxing my moustache (which heaven forbid), or wearing an overcoat and sandals, or going to be

42、d late or getting up early,I shall follow my fancy and ask no mans permission. I shall not inquire of you whether I may eat mustard with my mutton. And you will not ask me whether you may follow this religion or that, whether you may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcox to Wordsworth, or champagne to shandy.I

43、n all these and a thousand other details you and I please ourselves and ask no ones leave. We have a whole kingdom in which we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action become

44、s qualified by other peoples liberty. I might like to practice on the trombone from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on to the top of Everest to do it, I couldplease myself, but if I doitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andif Idoitoutinthestreets theneighborswill remind me that my liberty

45、to blow the trombone mustnot interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet.There are a lot of people in the world, and I have to accommodate my liberty to their liberties.We are all liable to forget this, and unfortunately we are much more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect th

46、an of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct. It is in the small matters of conduct, in the observance of the rule of the road, that we pass judgment upon ourselves, and declare that we are civilized or uncivilized. The great mome

47、nts of heroism and sacrifice are rare. It is the little habits of commonplace intercoursethat make up the great sum of life and sweeten or make bitter the journey.（分数：10.00）(1).The author might have stated his rule of the road as （分数：2.00）A.do not walk in the middle of the roadB.follow the orders of

48、 policemenC.do not behave inconsiderately in publicD.do what you like in private(2).The authors attitude to the old lady in paragraph one is （分数：2.00）A.condescendingB.intolerantC.objectiveD.supportive(3).Asituationanalogous to the insolence ofoffice described inparagraph 2 would be （分数：2.00）A.a teac

49、her correcting grammar errorsB.an editor shortening the text of an articleC.a tax inspector demanding to see someones accountsD.an army office giving orders to a soldier(4).The author assumes that he may be as free as he likes in （分数：2.00）A.all matters of dress and foodB.any situation which does not interfere with the liberty of othersC.anything that is not against the lawD.his own home(5).In the sentence We are all liable the aut