IEEE C37 36B-1990 en Guide to Current Interruption with Horn-Gap Air Switches《角状间隙空气开关断流指南》.pdf

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1、Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE C37.36b-1990 IEEE Guide to Current Interruption with Horn-Gap Air SwitchesSponsorSwitchgear Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietySecretariatInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.National Electrical Manufacturers Associa

2、tionApproved February 15, 1990IEEE Standards BoardApproved July 19, 1990American National Standards InstituteAbstract: IEEE C37.36b-1990, IEEE Guide to Current Interruption with Horn-Gap Air Switches, is intendedto aid air switch users in establishing suggested maximum values of excitation, resistiv

3、e and capacitivecurrents that may be successfully interrupted while using outdoor air switches. This guide pertains to airswitches mounted in the normal horizontal-upright position and not equipped with interrupting aids.Keywords: air switch, capacitive current, current interruption, excitation curr

4、ent, horn-gap air switches,resistive currentISBN 1-55937-037-8Copyright 1990 byThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USANo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, witho

5、ut theprior written permission of the publisher.iiIEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the StandardsCoordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and withoutcompensation. They are not neces

6、sarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent aconsensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE whichhave expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard.Use of an IEEE Standard

7、 is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no otherways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEEStandard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and is

8、sued is subject to changebrought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. EveryIEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a document is morethan five years old, and has not been reaffi

9、rmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of somevalue, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have thelatest edition of any IEEE Standard.Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interest

10、ed party, regardless of membership affiliationwith IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together withappropriate supporting comments.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they rela

11、te tospecific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiateaction to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it isimportant to ensure that any interpretation has also rece

12、ived the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reasonIEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requestsexcept in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration.Comments on standards and requests

13、 for interpretations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08555-1331USAIEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers without regard towhether their adoption may involve patents on articles, mate

14、rials, or processes. Such adoption does not assumeany liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standardsdocuments.iiiForeword(This Foreword is not a part of IEEE C37.36b-1990, IEEE Guide to Current Interruption with Horn-Gap Air Switches.)This

15、 guide is intended to aid air switch users in establishing suggested maximum values of excitation, resistive andcapacitive currents that may be successfully interrupted while using outdoor air switches. This guide pertains to airswitches mounted in the normal horizontal-upright position and not equi

16、pped with interrupting aids.The subject of current interruption using an air switch is so common to the industry that everyone appears to have anopinion concerning this matter. Some opinions hold that an air switch should never be used to interrupt any currentexcept the capacitive current from insul

17、ators on the shortest length of bus or miscellaneous equipment. Others candocument good experiences in interrupting excitation or capacitive currents two to ten times the maximum suggestedlevels in this guide. Both ends of this spectrum and the variations in the middle have merit based on individual

18、experiences. However, this guide must achieve a consensus position among switch manufacturers, engineeringconsultants, governmental bodies, users, and many other interested parties in order to exist. Subsequently, thesuggestions in this guide have been forged upon the consensus that the current inte

19、rruption levels are at least as highas the values specified herewithin. No criticism is directed toward any organization for exceeding the suggestions ofthis guide. Finally, this guide will continue to require feedback in the future to develop suggestions that accuratelyaddress the needs of industry

20、.Table 1 of this guide provides the user with a quick procedure to establish the capability of a switch for currentinterruption when the switch is near grounded equipment. The user should note that this procedure should only beutilized after the user has thoroughly reviewed this guide and is confide

21、nt of proper application. In a similar manner,Table 2 of this guide provides the user with a quick procedure to establish the capability of a switch for currentinterruption when the switch is not near grounded equipment.The user is required to calculate his or her own current interruption values for

22、 applications that differ from theassumptions of Tables 1 and 2. Refer to the Appendixes for calculation methods and sample calculations.The Accredited Standards Committee on Power Switchgear, C37, had the following members at the time thisdocument was approved as an American National Standard:T. C.

23、 Burtnett, Chair C. H. White, Secretary M. B. Williams (Program Administrator)A. K. McCabe (Executive Vice Chairman of High-Voltage Switchgear Standards)S. H. Telander (Executive Vice Chairman of Low-Voltage Switchgear Standards)D. L. Swindler (Executive Vice Chairman of IEC Activities)Organization

24、Represented Name of RepresentativeAssociation of Iron and Steel Engineers J. M. TillmanElectric Light and Power Group R. L. Capra G. R. Brandenberger (Alt.) T. E. Bruck (Alt.) M. J. Eckelkarnp K. D. Hendrix M. C. Mingoia (Alt.) J. H. Provanzana D. T. WestonInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Eng

25、ineers . H. W. Mikulecky S. C. Atkinson (Alt.) R. W. Haas W. F. Hoenigmann D. G. Kumbera (Alt.) D. M. Larson E. W. Schmunk C. A. SchwalbeivThe Working Group on Air Switches of the High-Voltage Switches Subcommittee of the IEEE Switchgear Committee,which prepared this guide, had the following members

26、 at the time of approval:Alexander Dixon, Chair C. S. AlexanderA. K. AlsakerH. L. BowlesR. A. BrownL. V. ChabalaD. R. FelinK. D. HendrixP. L. KolarikS. KuznetsovD. LottE. L. LuehringR. MatulicP. C. MayoH. W. MikuleckyD. C. MillsD. F. PeeloJ. C. W. RansomH. G. ReidD. N. ReynoldsL. R. SaavedraC. A. Sc

27、hwalbeD. N. SharmaC. SoteloThe High-Voltage Switches Subcommittee of the IEEE Switchgear Committee that reviewed and approved this guidehad the following membership:Charles S. Alexander, Chair Harvey L. Bowles, Secretary A. K. AlsakerL. V. ChabalaA. DixonK. D. HendrixJ. LafontaineD. LottE. L. Luehri

28、ngP. C. MayoH. W. MikuleckyD. C. MillsR. P. OLearyJ. C. W. RansomH. G. ReidD. N. ReynoldsA. B. RishworthL. R. SaavedraC. A. SchwalbeC. SoteloNational Electrical Manufacturers Association R. A. McMaster T. C. Burtnett R. H. Miller H. L. Miller (Alt.) R. O. D. WhittTennessee Valley Authority . R. B. R

29、ottonTesting Laboratory Group L. Frier W. T. OGrady R. W. Seelbach (Alt.)US Department of Agriculture, REA . H. L. BowlesWestern Area Power Administration G. D. BirneyUS Department of the Army,Office of the Chief of Engineers W. M. JonesUS Department of the Interior,Bureau of Reclamation J. W. ReifU

30、S Department of the Navy,Naval Construction Battalion Center R. L. ClarkOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativevThe following persons were on the Balloting Committee of the IEEE Switchgear Committee that reviewed andapproved this standard for submission to the IEEE Standards Board:C. S. Alex

31、anderR. J. AltonJ. G. AngelisR. H. ArndtS. C. AtkinsonL. R. BeardH. L. BowlesM. T. BrownJ. H. BrunkeC. G. BurlandR. L. CapraS. L. CarterL. V. ChabalaA. DixonG. W. DolloffJ. J. DravisC. J. DvorakP. W. DwyerL. W. GaussaR. D. GarzonG. GenestK. I. GrayG. R. HanksW. E. HarperK. D. HendrixH. L. HessW. F.

32、HoenigmannN. V. HolmgrenP. L. KolarikR. K. KozovichD. G. KumberaS. R. LambertD. M. LarsonW. E. LaubachJ. G. LeachG. N. LesterD. L. LottE. L. LuehringJ. A. ManeatisR. MatulicP. C. MayoL. V. McCallR. A. McMasterH. W. MikuleckyD. C. MillsF. J. MuenchA. F. ParksG. O. PerkinsC. A. PopeckR. RanjanJ. C. W.

33、 RansomJ. E. ReedA. B. RishworthH. C. RossW. N. RothenbuhlerL. R. SaavedraL. H. SchmidtE. W. SchmunkC. A. SchwalbeJ. C. ScottJ. F. SellersJ. H. SimpsonH. M. SmithG. St. JeanD. L. SwindlerS. H. TelanderF. C. TeufelE. F. VeverkaC. L. WagnerJ. H. WiddifieldW. R. WilsonB. F. WirtzWhen the IEEE Standards

34、 Board approved this standard on February 15, 1990, it had the following membership:Marco W. Migliaro, Chair James M. Daly, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Dennis BodsonPaul L. BorrillFletcher J. BuckleyAllen L. ClappStephen R. DillonDonald C. FleckensteinJay Forster*Thomas L. HannanKenneth D.

35、 HendrixJohn W. HorchJoseph L. Koepfinger*Michael A. LawlerDonald J. LoughryJohn E. May, Jr.Lawrence V. McCallL. Bruce McClungDonald T. Michael*Stig NilssonRoy T. OishiGary S. RobinsonTerrance R. WhittemoreDonald W. Zipse*Member EmeritusviCLAUSE PAGE1. Scope.72. Introduction.73. Definitions.84. Sugg

36、ested Practices.84.1 General. 84.2 Unloaded Transformer Switching 94.3 Bus, Line, and Insulated Cable Switching . 125. Bibliography12Annex A (informative) Calculation Method for Arc Reach, Determination of the Adequacy of Switch Clearance, and Calculation of Suggested Current Information 14Annex B (

37、informative) Sample Calculations (See Fig B.1 and Tables 1 and 2.) 17Copyright 1990 IEEE All Rights Reserved 7IEEE Guide to Current Interruption with Horn-Gap Air Switches1. ScopeThis guide is intended to provide air switch users with a means for determining the magnitude of excitation as well asres

38、istive and capacitive currents that may be successfully interrupted with horn-gap, vertical-break air switches inoutdoor locations mounted in the normal horizontal-upright position and not equipped with interrupting aids. Theminimum centerline-to-centerline phase spacing of each switch is based upon

39、 dimensions stated in ANSIC37.32-1972B11, Table 5, Column 6. This guide assumes that the switches are applied to an effectively grounded wye system. Aguide for ungrounded systems is being considered.NOTE Do not apply this guide to other types of switches. At this time, the confidence level for prope

40、r operation is notacceptable for other types of switches.Use of suggestions within this guide by the air switch user should be done after proper evaluation of any adverseconsequences that might result from a failure to properly interrupt the current. Adverse consequences may includephase-to-ground o

41、r phase-to-phase dielectric breakdowns, damage to other system equipment, etc.This guide does not modify other standards such as ANSI/IEEE C37.30-1971 (Reaff 1987) B2 or ANSI C37.32-1972 B1. Therefore, the application of this guide is entirely within the domain of the air switch user. Moreover, airs

42、witch manufacturers are not required to warrant suggestions made by this guide.2. IntroductionOver the years air switches have been used to interrupt transformer excitation currents; capacitive currents in shortlengths of bus, cable or overhead lines; small load currents, and loop currents. However,

43、 because of the manyuncontrollable conditions under which air switches must interrupt currents, they have been given no interruptingrating. This lack of rating and the absence of standard guidelines have led to the following problems:1) Various and inconsistent user policies (practices) regarding th

44、e utilization of air switches to interrupt currents2) Improper use of air switches, which results in switch failures, system faults and outages3) Excessive surge arrester operations during interruption of small currents with air switches1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliograph

45、y in Section 5.8 Copyright 1990 IEEE All Rights ReservedIEEE C37.36b-1990 IEEE GUIDE TO CURRENT INTERRUPTION4) Installation of complex switching arrangements that could be replaced by simpler schemes that utilize theinterruption capabilities of air switches5) Extensive switching operations to avoid

46、opening air switches in the energized mode wherein they might berequired to interrupt small currentsIn an effort to mitigate some of these problems, this guide provides guidelines for the use of air switches to switchlimited currents (up to 11.0 A) characterized by the following:1) Unloaded transfor

47、mer switching (including small resistive loads)2) Short-bus, overhead-line, and cable switchingThese guidelines recognize the fact that the successful interruption of unconfined arcs in air, as between the contactsof an air switch or arcing horn extensions of these contacts, depends upon installatio

48、n variables such as adjacent phaseand ground clearances; environmental variables such as altitude, wind direction and velocity, and weather conditions.The effects of these variables are incorporated in the guide through calculation methods and safety factor utilization.This approach, while it does n

49、ot eliminate the possibility of occasional failures due to those variables that areuncontrollable, does give a high degree of confidence to the suggestions of this guide.Switching of large load or of loop current is not suggested by this guide.3. DefinitionsThe definitions of terms contained in this document are applicable only to the subject treated in this guide and may notbe consistent with definitions given in other standards documents.air switch: A switching device designed to close and open one or more electric circuits by means of guided separablecontacts that sepa