IEEE C37 34-1994 en Standard Test Code for High-Voltage Air Switches《高压空气开关的试验规程》.pdf

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1、IEEE Std C37.34-1994(Revision of IEEE Std C37.34-1971)IEEE Standard Test Code for High-Voltage Air SwitchesSponsorSwitchgear Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved September 22, 1994IEEE Standards BoardAbstract: Design test requirements for all high-voltage enclosed indoor and outdoor

2、 and non-enclosedindoor and outdoor air switches rated above 1000 V are specified. This includes requirements for suchswitches as disconnecting, selector, horn-gap, grounding, interrupter, etc., for manual and power operation,except for distribution-enclosed single-pole air switches and distribution

3、 cutouts fitted with disconnectingblades.Keywords: corona, high-voltage air switches, ice breaking, indoor air switches, lightning impulse,mechanical operations, outdoor air switches, switching impulseThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017

4、-2394, USACopyright 1995 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 1995. Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN 1-55937-468-3No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without thep

5、rior written permission of the publisher.iiIEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the StandardsCoordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and withoutcompensation. They are not necessarily

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9、is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of somevalue, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have thelatest edition of any IEEE Standard.Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party,

10、 regardless of membership affiliationwith IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together withappropriate supporting comments.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate tospec

11、ific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiateaction to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it isimportant to ensure that any interpretation has also received the

12、concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reasonIEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requestsexcept in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration.Comments on standards and requests for inte

13、rpretations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USAIEEE Standards documents may involve the use of patented technology. Their approval by the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers does not mean that using such technology

14、 for the purpose of conforming tosuch standards is authorized by the patent owner. It is the obligation of the user of such technology to obtain allnecessary permissions.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std C37.34-1994, IEEE Standard Test Code for High-Voltage Air Switches.)Th

15、is publication is one of a series of seven standards (IEEE Std C37.30-1992 through IEEE C37.37-1979) on high-voltage air switches as follows:IEEE Std C37.30-1992, IEEE Standard Requirements for High-Voltage Air Switches.ANSI C37.32/D6/2-95, Schedules of Preferred Ratings, Construction Guidelines and

16、 Specifications for High-VoltageAir Disconnect Switches, Interrupter Switches, Fault Initiating Switches, Grounding Switches, Bus Supports, andSwitch Accessories, Control Voltage Ranges.ANSI C37.33-1987, High-Voltage Air Switches Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges.IEEE Std C37.34-1994, IEEE Sta

17、ndard Test Code for High-Voltage Air Switches.IEEE Std C37.35-1976 (Reaff 1992), IEEE Guide for the Application, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance ofHigh-Voltage Disconnecting and Load Interrupter Switches (ANSI).IEEE Std C37.36b-1990, IEEE Guide to Current Interruption with Horn-Gap Air Swit

18、ches (ANSI).IEEE Std C37.37-1979 (Reaff 1993), IEEE Standard Loading Guide for AC High-Voltage Air Switches (in excess of1000 volts) (ANSI).This standard includes previously approved supplements that cover tests for ice breaking ability, mechanicaloperations, mechanical terminal loads, switching imp

19、ulse, limits of corona and radio influence voltage as well astemperature limits for air switches.This standard establishes a definition for corona, develops the concept of corona-free voltage, establishes therequirements for corona-free voltage, and the criteria for acceptance. The corona-free volta

20、ge is specified to be 1.10times the line-to-neutral voltage equivalent of rated maximum voltage. Only visible corona is defined because thissatisfies the majority of user requirements. Actual tests performed show satisfactory radio influence voltage (RIV)levels after the extinction of visible corona

21、 over the extremities of the device.In the past, switches determined to be corona-free by the human eye accustomed to a darkened area have not been asource of radio or television interference. This standard, however, allows an alternate photographic corona test methodwhere necessary.Switch-mounting

22、heights and proximity to other objects during tests have been limited so that they are representativeof unfavorable operating conditions that could occur in a service location.Tests require the switches to be free of visible corona at the corona extinction voltage because this voltage is lower thant

23、he corona starting voltage.The specified ice tests are coordinated with IEC 129 (1984), which are intended for severe conditions of ice formation.The ice tests describe a method for natural environment (outdoor) testing. They establish criteria for acceptance, whichare necessary to demonstrate compl

24、iance with the standard. Specific requirements have been added for manually-operated, power-operated, and fault-initiating switches.The purpose of the mechanical operations test is to demonstrate the ability of a completely assembled switch to operatesatisfactorily during its operating life expectan

25、cy.ivSubclause 4.3 on the power frequency and lightning impulse open gap withstand voltage test has been revised to allowa bias test as an alternate to the standard test for switches rated 362 kV and above. Also, 4.4 on switching-impulse testsof extra-high voltage switches has been rewritten to util

26、ize the test procedures contained in IEEE Std 4-1978 andIEC129 (1984). The up-and-down method is used to establish phase-to-ground rated withstand voltage of the switchand the 3 9 test is used to verify the open gap withstand voltage. See annex A for background information.The material was updated t

27、o conform with presently accepted standard conditions and switching-impulse wave shape.Also, the procedure for determining the maximum dispersion has been deleted, and a specific standard deviation isdesignated in case adequate test data is not available to determine the actual value.To harmonize wi

28、th IEC 129 (1984), the terms peak withstand current (formerly momentary current) and short-time(symmetrical) withstand current (formerly 3-s current) have been introduced. Also, a three-phase test is permitted onswitches rated 48.3 kV and below to verify the peak withstand current rating of the swit

29、ch.Suggestions for improvement gained in the use of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the IEEEStandards Department.The Standards Committee on Power Switchgear, C37, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the followingpersonnel at the time of approval:E. Byron, Chair M. Ca

30、lwise, Secretary A. K. McCabe, (Executive Vice-Chair of High-Voltage Switchgear Standards)J. C. Scott, (Executive Vice-Chair of Low-Voltage Switchgear Standards)D. L. Swindler, (Executive Vice-Chair of IEC Activities)Organization Represented Name of RepresentativeAssociation of Iron and Steel Engine

31、ers (vacant)Electric Light and Power Group M. C. MingoiaD. J. BorchartT. E. BuckJ. H. ProvenzanaJ. D. StewartG. R. Brandenberger (Alt)A. K. McCabe (Alt)Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. D. F. PeeloL. R. BeardH. L. BowlesP. W. DwyerA. MonroeD. SignonS. C. Atkinson (Alt)D. G. Kumbera

32、(Alt)L. V. McCall (Alt)National Electrical Manufacturers Association . R. GarzonW. KrachtH. L. MillerT. OlsonS. StoneE. Byron (Alt)G. T. Jones (Alt)G. Sakats (Alt)D. L. Swindler (Alt)Tennessee Valley Authority D. N. ReynoldsvThe Working Group on Air Switches of the High-Voltage Switches Subcommittee

33、 of the IEEE Switchgear Committee,which prepared this standard, had the following members at the time of approval:A. Dixon, Chair P. L. Kolarik, (Task Force Chair)C. J. AhranoA. K. AlsakerL. BennettH. L. BowlesR. A. BrownL. V. ChabalaR. J. GavazzaE. HornungC. R. Isaac D. Lott E. L. Luehring P. C. Ma

34、yoM. S. McGuireD. C. MillsA. C. MonroeM.PuccinelliJ. C. W. RansomD. N. ReynoldsL. R. SaavedraD. N. SharmaC. A. SchwalbeC. SoteloThe High-Voltage Switches Subcommittee of the IEEE Switchgear Committee that reviewed and approved thisstandard had the following membership:Harvey L. Bowles, Chair A. C. M

35、onroe, Vice Chair C. J. AhranoR. W. AlexanderA. K. Alsaker L. V. ChabalaA. DixonK. D. HendrixC. R. IsaacJ. LafontaineD. Lott E. L. LuehringP. C. Mayo M. S. McGuireD. C. MillsR. P. OLearyM. Puccinelli J. C. W. RansomD. N. ReynoldsR. J. ReynoldsA. B.RishworthC. A. Schwalbe C. SoteloTesting Laboratory

36、Group . L. FrierP. NotarianU.S. Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers J. A. GilsonU.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation R. ArnoldU.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Construction Battalion Center R. L. ClarkWestern Area Power Administration. G. D. BirneyOrganization

37、 Represented Name of RepresentativeviThe following persons were on the balloting committee:R. J. AltonR. H. Arndt S. C. Atkinson L. R. BeardH. L. BowlesM. T. BrownJ. H. BrunkeC. G. BurlandF. R. CameronR. L. CapraA. DixonJ. J. Dravis C. J. DvorakP. W. DwyerR. D. Garzon L. W. Gaussa, Sr. K. I. Gray K.

38、 D. HendrixH. L. HessW. F. Hoenigmann J. M. JerabekP. L. KolarikD. G. KumberaS. R. LambertD. M. LarsonW. E. LaubachJ. G. LeachG. N. LesterD. L. LottE. L. Luehring P. C. MayoA. K. McCabeL. V. McCallM. S. McGuireW. C. McKay H. W. MikuleckyD. C. MillsG. F. MontilletF. MuenchJ. F. ODonnellR. P. OLearyA.

39、 F. Parks D. F. PeeloG. O. PerkinsR. K. Ranjan J. C. W. RansomJ. E. ReedD. N. ReynoldsA. B. RishworthH. C. RossT. E. Royster W. R. RuethL. R. Saavedra L. H. SchmidtE. W. Schmunk C. A. Schwalbe D. N. SharmaH. M. Smith G. St. Jean D. L. SwindlerJ. S. TanneryS. H. TelanderF. C. TeufelT. J. TobinE. F. V

40、everkaC. L. WagnerWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on September 22, 1994, it had the following membership:Wallace S. Read, Chair Donald C. Loughry, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Gilles A. BarilBruce B. BarrowJos A. Berrios de la PazClyde R. CampJames CostantinoStephen L.

41、DiamondDonald C. FleckensteinJay Forster*Ramiro GarciaDonald N. HeirmanRichard J. HollemanJim IsaakBen C. JohnsonSonny KasturiLorraine C. KevraE. G. “Al” KienerIvor N. KnightJoseph L. Koepfinger*D. N. “Jim” LogothetisL. Bruce McClungMarco W. MigliaroMary Lou PadgettArthur K. ReillyRonald H. ReimerGa

42、ry S. RobinsonLeonard L. Tripp*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. AggarwalJames BeallRichard B. Engelman Robert E. HebnerDavid E. SoffrinRochelle L. SternIEEE Standards Project EditorviiCLAUSE PAGE1. Overview.11.1 Scope 11.2 References 12

43、. Definitions 23. Design tests .34. Dielectric withstand voltage tests .34.1 Power-frequency withstand voltage tests. 34.2 Lightning impulse dry withstand voltage tests 44.3 Power frequency and lightning impulse open gap withstand voltage test . 64.4 Switching-impulse voltage tests of extra-high-vol

44、tage switches. 75. Radio-influence and corona tests 105.1 Simultaneous tests 105.2 Radio-influence tests 105.3 Corona tests 116. Temperature rise test.136.1 General. 136.2 Mounting 136.3 Switch connections 136.4 Method of temperature determination 156.5 Ambient temperature during test 156.6 Measurem

45、ent of ambient temperature 156.7 Duration of temperature rise test 166.8 Criteria for acceptance . 167. Switch performance tests 167.1 Conditions of test . 167.2 Ambient temperature during test 167.3 Duration of switch performance test 177.4 Criteria for acceptance . 178. Tests for peak withstand an

46、d short-time (symmetrical) withstand current ratings .178.1 Equipment 178.2 Mounting 178.3 Switch connections 178.4 Test durations. 188.5 Measurement of current . 188.6 Condition of switch after test . 189. Interrupting tests .189.1 Load current interrupting tests . 18viiiCLAUSE PAGE9.2 Excitation c

47、urrent interrupting tests. 199.3 Capacitive current switching tests 199.4 Condition of switch after test . 2110. Ice tests2210.1 General. 2210.2 Study of ice formation 2210.3 Test methods 2210.4 Test conditions . 2310.5 Test procedure 2410.6 Criteria for acceptance . 2511. Mechanical operations test

48、2511.1 General. 2511.2 Test arrangement 2611.3 Test procedure 2611.4 Criteria for acceptance . 27Annex A (informative) Background information .28Annex B (informative) Bibliography30Copyright 1995 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1IEEE Standard Test Code for High-Voltage Air Switches1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis

49、standard summarizes various design tests that shall be made on all types of high-voltage enclosed indoor oroutdoor and non-enclosed indoor or outdoor air switches, and describes accepted methods used in making these tests.For tests on apparatus insulators, see ANSI C29.1-1988.1 High-voltage air switches in IEEE Std C37.20.2-1987, IEEEStd C37.20.3-1987, IEEE Std C37.71-1984, and ANSI C37.72-1987 are not covered by this standard.1.2 ReferencesThis standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. When these standards are superseded by anapproved revision,