ASTM D6307-2019 Standard Test Method for Asphalt Content of Asphalt Mixture by Ignition Method.pdf

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1、Designation: D6307 16D6307 19Standard Test Method forAsphalt Content of Asphalt Mixture by Ignition Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt content of asphalt mixture and asphalt pavement samples by removingthe

3、 asphalt cement in an ignition furnace. The means of sample heating may be the convection method or direct irradiation method.NOTE 1Aggregate obtained by this test method may be used for sieve analysis. Particle size degradation may occur with some aggregates.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to

4、 be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and he

5、althenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitationlimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Intern

6、ational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC702 Practice for Reducing S

7、amples of Aggregate to Testing SizeD75D75/D75M Practice for Sampling AggregatesD140D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt MaterialsD979D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD1461 Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Asphalt MixturesD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Se

8、lecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and ConstructionMaterials TestingD5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Extracted Aggregate2.2 AASHTO Standards:Standard:3R47 Standard Practice for Reducing Samples of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) to Testing Size3. Summa

9、ry of Test Methods3.1 The asphalt cement in the paving mixture is ignited using the furnace equipment applicable to the particular method. Theasphalt content is calculated by difference from the mass of the residual aggregate and moisture content. The asphalt content isexpressed as mass percent of m

10、oisture-free mixtures. Test Method A is intended for furnaces with an internal,internal automatedweighing system. Test Method B is intended for furnaces without an internal weighing system.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method can be used for quantitative determination of asphalt content in as

11、phalt mixture and pavement samples forquality control, specification acceptance, and mixture evaluation studies. This test method does not require the use of solvents.Aggregate obtained by this test method may be used for gradation analysis according to Test Method D5444.1 This test method is under

12、the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 on Analysisof Asphalt Mixtures.Current edition approved May 1, 2016Jan. 1, 2019. Published July 2016February 2019. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved i

13、n 20102016 asD6307 10.D6307 16. DOI: 10.1520/D6307-16.10.1520/D6307-19.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the AST

14、M website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicatio

15、n of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consid

16、ered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Apparatus5.1 Balance, readable to 0.1 g, and capable of measuring the mass of sample, sample trays, and catch pan. The balance shallbe in accordance with Gu

17、ide D4753, Class GP2.5.2 Sample Tray(s), of appropriate size that allows the samples to be spread thinly and allows air to flow up through and aroundthe sample particles. The sample shall be enclosed completely with screen mesh, perforated stainless steel plate, or other suitablematerial.NOTE 2Scree

18、n mesh or other suitable material with maximum and minimum openings of 3.35 mm and 600 m, respectively, has been found toperform well.5.3 Catch Pan, of appropriate size to hold the sample trays so that aggregate particles and melting asphalt binder falling throughthe screen mesh are caught.5.4 Catch

19、 Pan/Sample Tray(s) Handling Apparatus, suitable for inserting catch pan and sample tray(s) into furnace andremoving hot catch pan and sample tray(s) from furnace.5.5 Assorted Spatulas, Pans, Bowls, and Wire Brushes, for preparing asphalt mixtures and removing aggregate from sampletray(s) and catch

20、pan.5.6 Protective Gloves, well insulated and capable of withstanding 580C.580 C.5.7 OvensMechanical ovens, convection or forced draft, shall be provided for drying aggregates and asphalt mixtures, and forpreheating asphalt mixtures prior to ignition testing.5.8 Ignition Furnace, as described in 8.1

21、.1 or 11.1.1.6. Hazards6.1 The temperature of the furnace, sample, sample tray(s), and catch pan after removal from the furnace is extremely high.Caution, therefore, must be exercised at all times when handling these items, as failure to do so could result in serious injury, severeburns, or fire. Th

22、e sample, sample tray(s), and catch pan should be placed inside a safety cage and should not be allowed to coolnear any materials that are subject to ignition at the high temperatures used in this procedure. The furnace manufacturersinstruction manual must be followed to take all necessary precautio

23、ns.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain samples of aggregate in accordance with Practice D75D75/D75M.7.2 Obtain samples of asphalt mixture in accordance with Practice D979D979/D979M and AASHTO R47.7.3 Preparation of Test Specimens:7.3.1 If the mixture is not soft enough to separate with a spatula or trowel, place

24、it in a large, flat pan and warm in an oven setat 110 6 5C5 C until it can be separated or mixed. Split or quarter the material in accordance with PracticeAASHTO C702R47until the mass of material required for the test is obtained.7.3.2 The size of the test sample shall be governed by the nominal max

25、imum aggregate size of the mixture and shall conformto the mass requirement shown in Table 1 (see Note 3).NOTE 3When the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity of the equipment used (for a particular method), the test specimen may be dividedinto suitable increments, tested, and the results c

26、ombined for calculation of asphalt content based on the weighted average of the masses used in theincrements.7.4 Obtain samples of asphalt cement in accordance with Practice D140D140/D140M.TEST METHOD A8. Apparatus8.1 In addition to the apparatus listed in Section 5, the following apparatus is requi

27、red for Test Method A.TABLE 1 Size of SampleNominal Maximum Aggregate SizeStandard, mm Minimum Mass of Sample, kg4.75 0.59.5 112.5 1.519.0 225.0 337.5 4D6307 1928.1.1 Ignition FurnaceA forced air forced-air ignition furnace that heats the sample by either convection method ordirect-irradiation direc

28、t irradiation method. The convection-type furnace must have a minimum temperature capability of580C.580 C. The furnace shall have an internal weighing system capable of measuring the mass of sample sizes of at least 2500g. The furnace chamber shall be of sufficient size to accommodate sample sizes o

29、f at least 2500 g. A data collection system alsoshall be included so that the sample mass loss can be determined automatically to an accuracy of 0.1 g and displayed during a test.The test is deemed complete when the difference between consecutive measured mass loss does not exceed 0.01 % of the samp

30、lemass for three consecutive 1-min intervals. The equipment shall provide a printout of the test results.Asystem capable of reducingfurnace emissions to an acceptable level also shall be incorporated in the furnace. The furnace shall be vented into a hood or tothe outside and, when set up properly,

31、will have no noticeable odors escaping into the laboratory. The furnace will have a fan withthe capability to pull air through the furnace to expedite the test and to reduce escape of smoke into the laboratory. The furnaceshall be equipped so that the door cannot be opened during the ignition test.8

32、.1.2 Filters, if required, of the type specified by the furnace manufacturer.9. Calibration9.1 The type of aggregate in the mixture may affect the results of this test method because different aggregates lose mass onignition to varying degrees. The results also may be affected by the presence of add

33、itives and modifiers in the asphalt mixturesample. Accordingly, to optimize accuracy, a calibration factor shall be established by testing three calibration samples for eachmix type. The calibration shall be performed on a prepared sample of asphalt mixture, which also shall include additives andmod

34、ifiers, if any, to be used.9.2 Obtain samples of blended aggregate to be used in the asphalt mixture in accordance with 7.1. The sample should beapproximately the same mass and gradation as that to be used for the asphalt mixture test sample (10.1).9.3 Obtain samples of asphalt cement to be used in

35、the asphalt mixture in accordance with 7.4.9.4 Oven-dry Oven dry the aggregate samples to a constant mass.9.4.1 For the convection-type furnace, set the furnace temperature to 540 6 5C5 C for calibration using mixtures.9.4.2 For the direct-irradiation-type direct irradiation-type furnace, set the bu

36、rn profile to the DEFAULT mode.9.5 Heat the aggregates and asphalt cement to approximately 150C.150 C. Heat all mixing bowls and tools to approximately150C.150 C.9.6 Prior to the mixing of calibration samples, an initial or “butter” mix is required to condition the mixing equipment. Removeand discar

37、d the “butter” mix from the bowl by scraping, leaving a uniform coating of asphalt mix residue.NOTE 4The “butter” mix prevents calibration samples from being biased by residual asphalt mix retained in the mixing bowl.9.7 Prepare three calibration samples at the design asphalt cement content (P). Inc

38、orporate additives and modifiers, if any, tobe used.9.8 Determine and record the mass of the sample tray(s) and catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g.9.9 Evenly distribute the sample in the sample tray(s).9.10 Determine the mass of the sample, sample tray(s), and catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g. Calculate a

39、nd record the initial massof the sample (MI).9.11 Heat the calibration sample in the convection-type furnace at 540 6 5C;5 C; or in the direct irradiation typeirradiation-type furnace using the DEFAULT mode until the change in mass of the sample during three consecutive 1-min intervalsdoes not excee

40、d 0.01 % of the sample mass (MI).9.12 Measure and record the mass (ML) of the sample after ignition to the nearest 0.1 g. The mass can be obtained immediatelyupon completion of the test from the printout or display.9.13 Calculate the calibration factor (CF) as follows:CF 5SMI 2MLMI3100D2P (1)where:M

41、I = total mass of the mixture calibration sample prior to ignition,ML = total mass of the mixture calibration sample after ignition, andP = percentage of actual asphalt cement in the mix by mass of the total mix expressed as a percentage.9.14 Repeat steps 9.8 9.13 for two additional calibration samp

42、les. Calculate the average calibration factor (CF) by averagingthe three CF values.9.15 Calibration Temperature AdjustmentsAdjustments:D6307 1939.15.1 For the convection-type furnace, if the calibration factor exceeds 1.0 %, lower the test temperature to 482 6 5C5 Cand repeat steps 9.2 9.14 . Use th

43、e calibration factor obtained at 482C482 C, even if it exceeds 1.0 %.9.15.2 For the direct irradiation-type furnace, the DEFAULT burn profile should be used for most materials. The operator mayselect burn profile OPTION 1 or OPTION 2 to optimize the burn cycle. OPTION 1 is designed for aggregates wi

44、th a correctionfactor greater than 1.0 percent.%. OPTION 2 is designed for samples that may not burn completely using the DEFAULT burnprofile.9.16 The temperature or burn profile for testing asphalt mixture samples in 10.3 shall be the same temperature or burn profileselected for testing mixture cal

45、ibration samples.10. Procedure10.1 Obtain an asphalt mixture sample in accordance with Section 7. The sample mass should be approximately the same asthat used for calibration (9.2).10.2 Oven dry the asphalt mixture sample to constant mass at a temperature of 11065C5 C or determine the moisture conte

46、ntof samples in accordance with Test Method D1461, so that the measured mass loss can be corrected for moisture.10.3 Set the furnace temperature or burn profile in accordance with Section 9. Samples can be placed in the furnace atsignificantly lower temperatures, since the furnace will quickly heat

47、to the desired temperature once the sample begins to burn. Thefurnace temperature is likely to increase during the ignition phase of the test.10.4 Determine and record the mass of the sample tray(s) and catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g.10.5 Evenly distribute the sample in the sample tray(s).10.6 Deter

48、mine the mass of the sample, sample tray(s), and catch pan to the nearest 0.1 g. Calculate and record the initial massof the sample (MB).10.7 Heat the sample in the furnace at the specified temperature until the difference between consecutive measured mass lossdoes not exceed 0.01 % of the sample ma

49、ss (MB) for three consecutive 1-min intervals. This point shall be determinedautomatically by the furnaces data collection system.10.8 The furnaces data collection system shall measure and record automatically record the aggregate mass (MA) of the sampleafter ignition to the nearest 0.1 g. The mass shall be obtained immediately upon completion of tests by subtracting the mass lossmeasured by the furnace from the initial mass of the mix (MB).10.9 The corrected asphalt content shall be calculated automatically by the furnaces data collection