ANSI IEEE C37 082-1982 Standard Methods for the Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels of AC Power Circuit Breakers《交流电流断路器声压级的测量》.pdf

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1、 Copyright 1982 byThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USANo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisher.ANSI/IEEE C37.082-19

2、82 (R2006)An American National StandardIEEE Standard Methods for theMeasurement of Sound Pressure Levelsof AC Power Circuit BreakersSecretariatInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationReaffirmed June 7, 2006Approved June 7,1979IEEE-SA Standa

3、rds BoardReaffirmed October 17, 1988Approved September 8, 1981American National Standards InstituteiiIEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the StandardsCoordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve volu

4、ntarily and withoutcompensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent aconsensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE whichhave expressed an interest in participating in the

5、development of the standard.Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no otherways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEEStandard. Furthermore, the viewpoint

6、expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to changebrought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. EveryIEEE Standard is subjected to review at least once every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a docu

7、ment ismore than five years old, and has not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still ofsome value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they havethe latest edition of any IEEE Standard.Comments for

8、revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliationwith IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together withappropriate supporting comments.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise reg

9、arding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate tospecific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiateaction to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it isi

10、mportant to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reasonIEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requestsexcept in those cases where the matter has previously received

11、 formal consideration.Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE Standards Board345 East 47th StreetNew York, NY 10017USAiiiForeword(This Foreword is not a part of ANSI/IEEE C37.082-1982, IEEE Standard Methods for the Measurement of Sound Pressure L

12、evelsof AC Power Circuit Breakers.)Widespread interest in noise has prompted studies of the noise produced by power circuit breakers. In order toestablish the uniformity necessary for correlation of test results, this standard describes a method of testing relatedspecifically to power circuit breake

13、rs.This standard deals with objective methods of measurement and reporting of sound levels. These methods are intendedto provide data which can be used in evaluating the effects of circuit breaker sound on human observers, but theevaluation itself is outside the scope of this standard.Impulsive soun

14、d caused by opening or closing operations is the major concern, but for purposes of a completestandard, the measurement of continuous and intermittent sound is included. Two major problem areas are recognized:1) For personnel near the circuit breaker, where safety and health considerations make the

15、impulsive soundlevels of interest2) For persons remote from the circuit breaker, where the impulsive sounds produced by operations may causea nuisance, or where specific ordinances regulate permissible sound levels.Methods of measurement in the near and far fields, for impulsive, continuous, and int

16、ermittent sound are given.The Standards Committee of Power Switchgear, C37, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the followingpersonnel at the time of approval:C. L. Wagner, Chair D. J. Polasky, Secretary J. E. Beehler (Executive Vice-Chairman of High Voltage Switchgear Standards)W. E. Lau

17、bach (Executive Vice-Chairman of Low Voltage Switchgear Standards)S. H. Telander (Executive Vice-Chairman of IEC Activities)Organization Represented Name of RepresentativeAssociation of American Railroads VacantAssociation of Iron and Steel Engineers. J. M. TillmanElectric Light and Power Group . J.

18、 E. Beehler R. L. Capra (Alt)H. F. Frus K. D. Hendrix R. L. Lindsey (Alt) J. P. Markey (Alt)D. O. CragheadInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers M. J. Beachy (Alt) H. H. Fahnoe R. E. Friedrich M. J. Maier C. A. Mathews (Alt) R. A. McMaster (Alt)H. W. Mikulecky D. C. Musgrave (Alt) C. A. S

19、chwalbe G. W. WalshivThis standard was prepared by the Working Group on Sound Level Measurements of the Power Circuit BreakerSubcommittee. At the time this standard was approved, the working group had the following membership:I. E. Olivier, Chair Harold B. Cummings, IIIThomas GarrityMartin J. MaierJ

20、ames MorelandJohn G. ReckleffHugh K. ReidMartin J. ReillyE. F. SolorzanoV. N. StewartAt the time this standard was approved, the Power Circuit Breaker Subcommittee had the following membership:G. N. Lester, Chair H. W. AnderJ. E. BeehlerD. M. BenensonL. E. BrothersR. G. ColclaserJ. C. CoonC. F. Crom

21、erC. R. CusickA. DupontC. J. DvorakJ. D. FinleyR. E. FriedrichT. F. GarrityW. F. GilesK. I. GrayG. P. GuaglioneR. D. HambrickG. R. HanksM. HudisW. C. HueningP. L. KolarikS. R. LambertD. M. LarsonG. N. LesterM. J. MaierJ. A. ManeatisR. A. McMasterG. J. MeindersZ. Neri1. E. OlivierR. A. PaceG. O. Perk

22、insJ. G. ReckleffA. B. RishworthW. N. RothenbuhlerL. H. SchmidtH. N. SchneiderG. G. SchockeltR. D. SettembriniE. F. SolorzanoT. J. TorbinC. J. TruaxE. F. VeverkaG. A. VottaC. L. WagnerD. R. WebsterG. A. WilsonW. R. WilsonB. F. WirtzC. E. ZanzieNational Electrical Manufacturers Association J. L. Drow

23、n R. W. Dunham D. G. Portman G. A. Wilson W. R. WilsonTennessee Valley Authority . Robert C. St. ClairTesting Laboratory Group L. Frier E. J. Huber R. W. Seelbach (Alt)US Department of the Army Corp of Engineers J. S. RobertsonUS Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation . Edward M. TomsicUS

24、 Department of Defense, Defense Communications Agency VacantUS Department of the Navy, Naval Construction Battalion Center. A. R. Hanks J. N. MontagnaOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativevWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on June 7, 1979, it had the following membership:

25、Joseph L. Koepfinger, Chair Irvin N. Howell, Jr, Vice Chair Ivan G. Easton, Secretary G. Y. R. AllenWilliam E. AndrusC. N. BerglundEdward ChellotiEdward J. CohenWarren H. CookR. O. DuncanJay ForsterHarold S. GoldbergRichard J. GowenH. Mark GroveLoering M. JohnsonIrving KolodnyW. R. KruesiLeon LevyJ.

26、 E. MayDonald T. Michael*R. L. PritchardF. RosaRalph M. ShowersJ. W. SkooglandW. E. VannahB. W. Whittington*Member emeritusviCLAUSE PAGE1. Purpose and Scope 71.1 Purpose. 71.2 Scope 72. References.83. Definitions.84. Acoustical Environment94.1 94.2 94.3 94.4 95. Instrumentation .105.1 Sound Level Me

27、ter. 105.2 Calibration Capability 105.3 Supplemental Instrumentation . 106. Design Test Methods 106.1 Design Test 106.2 Circuit Breaker Operating Conditions . 106.3 Microphone Locations . 116.4 Near-Field Measurements 116.5 Far-Field Measurements 126.6 Data 136.7 Report. 147. Conformance Test Method

28、s 178. Field Test Methods178.1 General. 178.2 Wind Conditions 178.3 Circuit Breaker Operating Conditions . 178.4 Microphone Locations . 188.5 Measurements to be Taken 188.6 Data and Report . 189. Bibliography18Copyright 1982 IEEE All Rights Reserved 7An American National StandardIEEE Standard Method

29、s for the Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels of AC Power Circuit Breakers1. Purpose and Scope1.1 PurposeThis standard establishes uniform guidelines for measurement and reporting of sound produced by ac power circuitbreakers.This standard relates the procedures described in ANSI S1.13-1971 41 to t

30、he specific requirements of measuringcircuit breaker sound.1.2 ScopeThese methods are intended for use in measurement of the sound produced by outdoor circuit breakers in a free-fieldenvironment. The methods may be used indoors or in restricted field, provided that precautions are observed inmeasure

31、ment and interpretation of results. Three types of tests are described: design tests, conformance tests, and fieldtests.1.2.1 Design tests are made to determine the sound level produced by a particular size, type, style, or model of circuitbreaker. Design tests include a complete series of sound lev

32、el measurements under all normal operating conditions ofthe circuit breaker. These tests are usually made only on representative circuit breakers to substantiate the ratingsassigned to all circuit breakers of the same design, and are not intended to be used for normal production testing.Applicable p

33、ortions of these tests may be used to evaluate modifications of design or to verify that performance limitsare being met.1.2.2 Conformance tests are performed to demonstrate that circuit breaker sound levels are within published ratings. Theymay include all or part of the design tests.1The numbers i

34、n brackets correspond to the references listed in Section 2. of this standard.8 Copyright 1982 IEEE All Rights ReservedANSI/IEEE C37.082-1982 IEEE STANDARD METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF1.2.3 Field tests are made to determine the sound levels produced by circuit breakers operating in their normal ins

35、talledlocation. The kind, number, and locations of measurements made in field tests are determined by the particularobjectives of the tests. Results of field tests may not be applicable to other circuit breakers of the same type or class.2. ReferencesWhen the following American National Standards re

36、ferred to in this standard are superseded by a revision approved bythe American National Standards Institute, the revision shall apply:1 ANSI S1.1-1960 (R1976), American National Standard on Acoustical Terminology (Including Mechanical Shockand Vibration)2 2 ANSI S1.4-1971 (R1976), American National

37、 Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters 3 ANSI S1.10-1966 (R1976), American National Standard Method for the Calibration of Microphones 4 ANSI S1.13-1971 (R1976), American National Standard Methods for the Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels 5 ANSI S5.1-1971, American National Standard Test

38、Code for the Measurement of Sound from PneumaticEquipment 6 IEC Pub 651 (1979), Sound Level Meters33. DefinitionsUnless specifically defined below, the terms used in this standard are in accordance with ANSI S1.1-1960 (R1971) 1or ANSI S1.13-1971 4.impulsive noise: A noise characterized by brief excu

39、rsions of sound pressure (acoustic impulses) which significantlyexceed the ambient noise. The duration of a single impulse is usually less than one second (see ANSI S1.13-1971 4).For the purpose of this standard, the noise produced by the closing or opening of a circuit breaker, or theircombination,

40、 shall be classified as impulsive noise. Other components, such as compressor unloader exhausts, may besources of impulsive noise.impulse rms sound level: The maximum rms value reached by a sound wave, with the mean (or average) taken overa short, specified time interval. Unit: decibel (dB A, B, or

41、C). For the purposes of this standard, the averaging time shallbe that given by a resistance-capacitance charging circuit with a 35 ms time constant.peak instantaneous sound pressure level: Maximum unweighted positive or negative pressure peak value reached byan impulsive sound wave at any time duri

42、ng the period of observation. Unit: decibel (dB). For the purpose of thisstandard, readings can be considered as peak instantaneous sound pressure level if the C-weighting is used and theresponse time of the instrument is 50 s or less. Peak instantaneous sound pressure level is sometimes referred to

43、 asimpact noise.2ANSI documents are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.3IEC publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.Copyright 1982 IEEE Al

44、l Rights Reserved 9SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS OF AC POWER CIRCUIT BEAKERS ANSI/IEEE C37.082-1982sound level: Weighted sound pressure level obtained by the use of a metering characteristic and the weightings A, B,C (or other) as specified. The weighting used must be indicated. For the purpose of this stan

45、dard, C weighted soundlevel is the same as sound pressure level (SPL). Unit: decibel (dB, A, B, or C)sound pressure level (SPL): Twenty times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the pressure of a sound to thereference sound pressure. Unless otherwise specified, the effective (rms) pressure

46、is to be used. The reference soundpressure is 20 Pa. Unit: decibel (dB).4. Acoustical Environment4.1 Ambient noise can sometimes be a factor, especially for intermittent and continuous noise measurements, and forlocations remote from the circuit breaker. Correction for ambient sound pressure levels

47、can be made to intermittent andcontinuous noise readings when the total sound measurement exceeds the ambient measurement by 4 to 15 dB (referto ANSI S1.13-1971 4, Section 9. and Table 4). Impulsive noise measurements cannot be corrected satisfactorily forambient sound pressure on the pressure-squar

48、ed basis, therefore, impulsive noise measurements shall be made onlywhen the total sound measurement is expected to exceed the ambient measurement by 15 dB or more.4.2 Wind conditions may result in measurement errors, especially for unweighted (flat) measurements and for lowfrequency components of s

49、ound. A wind screen will be useful in many cases, however, it is recommended thatmeasurements not be made when wind exceeds the values listed in Table 1. (These numbers are intended as a guidebased on actual measurement experience. Great care should be exercised to avoid measurement errors due to wind.)Table 1 Wind Conditions for Sound Measurements4.3 Temperature and humidity are not significant factors in measuring sound pressure levels of circuit breakers, however,they can have an effect on the measuring equipment, and the manufacturers recommendation