IEC TR 62471-2-2009 Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems - Part 2 Guidance on manufacturing requirements relating to non-laser optical radiation saf.pdf

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1、 IEC/TR 62471-2 Edition 1.0 2009-08 TECHNICAL REPORT Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems Part 2: Guidance on manufacturing requirements relating to non-laser optical radiation safety IEC/TR 62471-2:2009(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2009 IEC, Geneva,

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10、 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC/TR 62471-2 Edition 1.0 2009-08 TECHNICAL REPORT Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems Part 2: Guidance on manufacturing requirements relating to non-laser optical radiation safety INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION X ICS 29.140 PRICE CODE ISBN 2-8318-1

11、057-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission colour inside 2 62471-2/TR IEC:2009(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Risk groups applied for optical radiation safety assessments10 4.1 Basis for optical

12、radiation safety classification.10 4.2 Assessment criteria.10 4.3 Application-related issues .10 4.3.1 Near-infrared sources10 4.3.2 “Point sources” 11 4.3.3 Application-related vertical standards 11 5 Guidelines for lamp and lamp system manufacturers on how to apply IEC 62471 .11 5.1 Limit values.1

13、1 5.1.1 General .11 5.1.2 Limits provided in irradiance/radiant exposure.12 5.1.3 Limits provided in (time integrated) radiance .12 5.2 Guidelines for lamp/LED manufacturers 12 5.2.1 General .12 5.2.2 Measurement conditions12 5.2.3 User information13 5.3 Guidelines for lamp system/luminaire manufact

14、urers.13 5.3.1 General .13 5.3.2 Sources for general lighting service (GLS).13 5.3.3 Multi-purpose lamps 14 5.3.4 Determination of the hazard distance.14 5.4 Labelling .15 5.5 Other information provisions16 6 Allocation of safety measures.17 6.1 General .17 6.2 Maximum acceptable viewer-related risk

15、 .18 Annex A (informative) Radiance and ocular hazards from extended sources20 Annex B (informative) Determination of hazard distances 26 Annex C (informative) Sources for general lighting service (GLS) 36 Annex D (informative) Lamps and lamp systems with integrated, attached beam- shaping or projec

16、tion optics.41 Bibliography45 Figure 1 Example of graphic presentation of distant dependent emission hazard values.15 Figure 2 Example of warning label for a lamp with multiple hazard spectral regions .17 Figure A.1 Invariance of radiance with distance from an extended source21 Figure A.2 Usual meas

17、urement conditions for the determination of radiance and time integrated radiance.22 62471-2/TR IEC:2009(E) 3 Figure A.3a Source size larger than the FOV (overfilled)23 Figure A.3b Source size smaller than the FOV (under-filled) 23 Figure A.3 Source sizes.23 Figure A.4 B()-weighted radiance distribu

18、tion of a state-of-the-art “pc-white” LED component24 Figure B.1 Normalized correlation between radiance L and corresponding irradiance E for varying values of source diameter and distance .27 Figure B.2 Direct intra-beam viewing of an arc searchlight showing a magnification of the actual arc29 Figu

19、re B.3 Calculated flash distance of LEDs depending on the individual half intensity angle of the spatial emission30 Figure B.4 Actinic UV-related safe use conditions for the example radiator32 Figure B.5 Distance-dependant (spectrally weighted) Exempt Risk Group limits for the spatially averaged rad

20、iance of a halogen lamp of 7 mm source size34 Figure C.1 Measured spatially averaged radiance37 Figure C.2 Relationships between illuminance of 500 lux and source luminance cd/m 2 (indicated) for several source sizes and distances of some typical luminances38 Figure D.1 Ultraviolet and infrared filt

21、ering by projection optics41 Figure D.2 Magnified apparent source size of the filament in an incandescent projection lamp .42 Figure D.3 Examples of projection optics .42 Figure D.4 Formation of a virtual LED chip image by the integrated lens.43 Figure D.5 Imaging of the apparent source and measurem

22、ent condition for the assessment of sources with built-in or attached projection optics43 Table 1 Hazard-related risk group labelling of lamp systems16 Table 2 Explanation of labelling information and guidance on control measures.17 Table 3 Maximum acceptable risk group of products assessed for view

23、er-related risk under application specific conditions.19 Table B.1 Spatially averaged radiance.35 Table C.1 Risk group-related inverse square law and hazard distances .37 Table C.2 Risk group-related hazard distances (in m) for halogen lamp of 7 mm source diameter and with luminance of 3 10 7cdm -2

24、.39 4 62471-2/TR IEC:2009(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF LAMPS AND LAMP SYSTEMS Part 2: Guidance on manufacturing requirements relating to non-laser optical radiation safety FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organ

25、ization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities,

26、IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt w

27、ith may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by

28、 agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3)

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30、 used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and th

31、e corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they hav

32、e the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatso

33、ever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publicat

34、ions is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC

35、 technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 62471-2

36、, which is a technical report, has been prepared by Technical Committee 76: Optical radiation safety and laser equipment The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 76/396/DTR 76/410/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this

37、 technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. 62471-2/TR IEC:2009(E) 5 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 62471 series, published under the general title Photobiological safety of

38、lamps and lamp systems, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date,

39、the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. IMPORTANT The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefo

40、re print this publication using a colour printer. 6 62471-2/TR IEC:2009(E) INTRODUCTION Optical radiation hazards from all types of lamps or other broadband light sources are assessed by the application of IEC 62471:2006 (Edition 1), Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems. IEC 62471 covers

41、 LEDs as well as incandescent, low and high pressure gas-discharge, arc and other lamps. It also covers electrically-powered optical radiation sources that are not lamps. The standard provides a risk group classification system for all lamps and lamp systems, and the measurement conditions are well

42、developed. IEC 62471 does not include manufacturing or user safety requirements that may be required as a result of a lamp or lamp system being assigned to a particular risk group. The safety requirements for lamp systems necessarily vary and are best dealt with in vertical standards. This Part 2 pr

43、ovides the basis for safety requirements dependent upon risk group classification and examples thereof. The assigned risk group of a product may be used to assist with risk assessments, e.g. for occupational exposure in workplaces. National requirements may exist for the assessment of products or oc

44、cupational exposure. NOTE 1 There are some instances where the IEC 60825 laser product standards may be useful for a nearly “point” source, as in an LED fibre source or a superluminescent diode (see 3.16). NOTE 2 IEC 62471 is currently being revised and will be published as IEC 62471-1. 62471-2/TR I

45、EC:2009(E) 7 PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF LAMPS AND LAMP SYSTEMS Part 2: Guidance on manufacturing requirements relating to non-laser optical radiation safety 1 Scope This technical report provides the basis for optical radiation safety requirements of non-laser products, serving as a guide for develop

46、ment of safety requirements in vertical product standards and assisting lamp system manufacturers in the interpretation of safety information provided by the lamp manufacturers. This report provides guidance on: requirements for optical radiation safety assessment; allocation of safety measures; lab

47、elling of products. This technical report does not address safety requirements of intentional exposure to optical radiation from sun tanning equipment, ophthalmic instruments or other medical/cosmetic devices whose specific safety issues are addressed through appropriate standards. 2 Normative refer

48、ences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 62471, Photobiological safety of lamps

49、and lamp systems IEC 60825 (all parts), Safety of laser products IEC 60050-845, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 845: Lighting IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of IEC 62471 and the following additional terms and definitions apply. 3.1 controlled access location location where an engineering and/or admi