IEC TR 62383-2006 Determination of magnetic loss under magnetic polarization waveforms including higher harmonic components - Measurement modelling and calculat.pdf

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1、TECHNICAL REPORT IECTR 62383 First edition 2006-01 Determination of magnetic loss under magnetic polarization waveforms including higher harmonic components Measurement, modelling and calculation methods Reference number IEC/TR 62383:2006(E) Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publi

2、cations are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1. Consolidated editions The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, t

3、he base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2. Further information on IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information

4、 relating to this publication, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue of publications (see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda. Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken by the technical committee which has prepared t

5、his publication, as well as the list of publications issued, is also available from the following: IEC Web Site (www.iec.ch) Catalogue of IEC publications The on-line catalogue on the IEC web site (www.iec.ch/searchpub) enables you to search by a variety of criteria including text searches, technica

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8、EPORT IEC TR 62383 First edition 2006-01 Determination of magnetic loss under magnetic polarization waveforms including higher harmonic components Measurement, modelling and calculation methods PRICE CODE IEC 2006 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utili

9、zed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 0

10、3 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch V For price, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission 2 TR 62383 IEC:2006(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references .7 3 Principles of measurement .7 3.1 General .

11、7 3.2 Yokes, windings and test specimen .8 3.3 Power amplifier .8 3.4 Waveform synthesizer .8 3.5 Digitiser.8 3.6 Control of secondary voltage.9 3.7 Peak reading apparatus 9 3.8 Air flux compensation9 4 Measuring system 10 5 Measurements10 5.1 Generation of the magnetic polarization waveform includi

12、ng higher harmonics .10 5.2 Determination of peak value of magnetic polarization 11 5.3 Determination of the magnetic polarization11 5.4 Determination of magnetic field strength12 5.5 Determination of the magnetic loss12 5.6 Plotting the a.c. hysteresis loop including the higher harmonics 12 6 Examp

13、le of measurement .12 6.1 Magnetic loss measurement of non-oriented electrical steel sheets.12 6.2 Magnetic loss measurement under stator tooth waveform conditions.13 7 Prediction of magnetic loss including higher harmonic polarization.17 7.1 General .17 7.2 Energy loss separation 14 .17 7.3 Neural

14、network method 17.23 7.4 Modified superposition formula 20.25 8 Summary30 Bibliography31 Figure 1 Block diagram of the measuring system for the measurement of magnetic loss of electrical steel sheets under magnetic polarization waveforms which include higher harmonic components 10 Figure 2a Magnetic

15、 polarization J(t) .13 Figure 2b Magnetic field strength H(t) 14 Figure 2c AC hysteresis loops14 Figure 2 Dependency on the higher harmonic polarization components of the magnetic polarization J(t) ; magnetic field strength H(t), and a.c. hysteresis loops of non-oriented electrical steel at a fundam

16、ental magnetizing frequency f 1= 60 Hz and a maximum magnetic polarization J = 1,5 T, and for higher harmonic frequency of f h =23f 1 .14TR 62383 IEC:2006(E) 3 Figure 3 Specific total loss depending on the higher harmonic frequency and higher harmonic polarization for the non-oriented electrical ste

17、el sheet at J = 1,5 T15 Figure 4 B-coil winding positions of stator tooth of a 3,75 kW induction motor to measure the a.c. hysteresis of the stator tooth depending on the load 16 Figure 5 AC hysteresis loop of the stator teeth of a 3,75 kW induction motor measured in single sheet tester 16 Figure 6

18、Specific total loss of the stator tooth depending on the load.17 Figure 7 Examples of experimental dependence of the quantity exc h cl dif W W W W W + = = on the square root of frequency in grain-oriented Fe-Si laminations (thickness 0,29 mm).19 Figure 8 Energy loss per cycle W and its analysis in a

19、 non-oriented Fe-(3wt %)Si lamination energy loss with arbitrary flux waveform and minor loops.20 Figure 9 Examples of composite experimental (solid lines) and reconstructed (dashed lines) d.c. hysteresis loops at peak magnetization J = 1,4 T in non-oriented Fe-(3 wt %) Si laminations (thickness 0,3

20、4 mm) generated by the ) t ( J waveforms.22 Figure 10 Experimental dependence of the statistical parameter of the magnetization process o V on the peak magnetization value in the tested non-oriented Fe-Si laminations22 Figure 11 Loss evolution with the number of minor loops in a non-oriented Fe-Si l

21、amination, subjected to controlled constant magnetization rate () m J J f dt t dJ 2 4 ) ( + = , with J = 1,4 T and m nJ 2 = 1,2 T 23 Figure 12 Artificial neuron (also termed as unit or nodes) 23 Figure 13 Neural network design topology .24 Figure 14 Waveforms of dt t dJ ) ( , ) (t H and ) (t J when

22、higher harmonic polarization is included 26 Figure 15 Generation of two symmetrical a.c. minor loop measured in zero polarization region, and in saturation polarization region, of the fundamental hysteresis loop; magnetization in the rolling direction and perpendicular to the rolling direction.27 Fi

23、gure 16 Specific total loss P cof the combined waves, with harmonic frequency 23f 1 , depending on the position of a.c. minor loop at maximum magnetic polarization of 1,0 T and of 1,5 T respectively27 Figure 17 Specific total loss depending on the higher harmonic frequency.29 Figure 18 Constant 2 k

24、vs. peak value of magnetic polarization J .29 Table 1 Network design .24 Table 2 Error of the specific total loss recalled from the trained neural network compared with the measured values at 1,6 T (point not used during the training)25 Table 3 Error of the specific total loss recalled from the trai

25、ned neural network compared with the measured values at 1,5 T (point used during the training)25 4 TR 62383 IEC:2006(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ DETERMINATION OF MAGNETIC LOSS UNDER MAGNETIC POLARIZATION WAVEFORMS INCLUDING HIGHER HARMONIC COMPONENTS MEASUREMENT, MODELLING AND CAL

26、CULATION METHODS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning stand

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34、IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Att

35、ention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights.

36、IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that

37、which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC/TR 62383, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 68: Magnetic alloys and steels. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Repor

38、t on voting 68/309/DTR 68/315/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. TR 62383 IEC:2006(E) 5 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has

39、decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised editi

40、on, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. 6 TR 62383 IEC:2006(E) INTRODUCTION The specific total loss has to be measured for the design of electrical machines and classification of electrical steel sheets. During the last 20 years, electrical engineers ha

41、ve determined the magnetic induction waveforms of electrical machines 1 to 4 1) , and calculated the magnetic power loss under non-sinusoidal waveform of magnetic polarization 5 to 13. They designed electrical machines using numeric calculation (FEM, BEM) and high speed computers, including non-line

42、ar and hysteresis properties of magnetic materials. Under standard measurement conditions, the specific total loss of electrical steel is to be measured only under the condition of sinusoidal waveform of the magnetic polarization. However, the actual magnetic polarization waveforms of the electric m

43、achine are almost always not sinusoidal because of the material behaviour (anisotropy, non-linear B-H performance in high polarization regions such as the stator tooth of electrical machines), because of PWM modulated voltage for variable speed motors and because of the layout of the magnetic circui

44、t and the winding scheme (tooth harmonics). Specific total loss values obtained by the standard method are not really applicable to an actual electrical machine design because the specific total loss of ferromagnetic material cannot be predicted easily due to non-linear and hysteresis effects, but t

45、hese higher harmonic polarizations bring about a large increase in magnetic loss. 1)The figures in square brackets refer to the Bibliography. TR 62383 IEC:2006(E) 7 DETERMINATION OF MAGNETIC LOSS UNDER MAGNETIC POLARIZATION WAVEFORMS INCLUDING HIGHER HARMONIC COMPONENTS MEASUREMENT, MODELLING AND CA

46、LCULATION METHODS 1 Scope Nowadays, by computer aided testing (CAT), a.c. magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets can be measured under various measuring conditions automatically. For example, the magnetic loss in the presence of higher harmonic frequency components of magnetic polarization c

47、an be measured using the arbitrary waveform synthesizer, digitiser and computer. The present standard methods (IEC 60404-2, IEC 60404-3 and IEC 60404-10) for the determination of specific total loss are restricted to the sinusoidal waveform of magnetic polarization, and these standards are still imp

48、ortant for the characterization of core materials. However, actual waveforms of magnetic polarization in the electrical machines and transformers always include higher harmonic polarizations, and nowadays electrical machines can be designed using numerical methods including higher harmonics. But for

49、 these conditions, there is still no standard testing method. This technical report reviews methods for measurement of the magnetic loss of soft magnetic materials under the condition of magnetic polarization which includes higher harmonic components. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the appli